{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Layernorm operation using cuDNN frontend\n",
    "This notebook shows how a layernorm operation can be done using cudnn.\n",
    "\n",
    "$$\\text{LayerNorm}(x) = \\frac{x-\\mu}{\\sqrt{\\sigma^2 + \\epsilon}}\\cdot\\gamma+\\beta$$"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "[![Open In Colab](https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg)](https://colab.research.google.com/github/NVIDIA/cudnn-frontend/blob/main/samples/python/01_matmul_bias.ipynb)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Prerequisites and Setup\n",
    "This notebook requires an NVIDIA GPU. If `nvidia-smi` fails, go to Runtime -> Change runtime type -> Hardware accelerator and confirm a GPU is selected."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# get_ipython().system('nvidia-smi')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "If running on Colab, you will need to install the cudnn python interface."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# get_ipython().system('pip install nvidia-cudnn-cu12')\n",
    "# get_ipython().system('pip install nvidia-cudnn-frontend')\n",
    "# get_ipython().system('pip3 install --pre torch --index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/nightly/cu128')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### General Setup\n",
    "Create a cudnn handle, which is a per device handle used to initialize cudnn context."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import cudnn\n",
    "import torch\n",
    "import sys\n",
    "\n",
    "torch.manual_seed(1)\n",
    "handle = cudnn.create_handle()\n",
    "\n",
    "print(\"Running with cudnn backend version:\", cudnn.backend_version())\n",
    "\n",
    "assert torch.cuda.is_available()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### LayerNorm Inference\n",
    "Problem Sizes:\n",
    "- Batch Size: 4\n",
    "- Sequence Size: 1024\n",
    "- Embedding Dimension: 768"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "batch, seq_size, embedding_dim = 4, 1024, 768\n",
    "\n",
    "input_type = torch.float16\n",
    "\n",
    "# Epsilon is a small number to prevent division by 0.\n",
    "epsilon_value = 1e-3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Create input tensor GPU buffers. We use PyTorch to allocate GPU tensors so we can reuse them to calculate a reference value."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# allocate input tensor memory, initialize them to random numbers\n",
    "x_gpu = torch.randn(\n",
    "    batch * seq_size,\n",
    "    embedding_dim,\n",
    "    1,\n",
    "    1,\n",
    "    dtype=input_type,\n",
    "    requires_grad=True,\n",
    "    device=\"cuda\",\n",
    ").to(memory_format=torch.channels_last)\n",
    "scale_gpu = torch.randn(\n",
    "    1, embedding_dim, 1, 1, dtype=input_type, requires_grad=True, device=\"cuda\"\n",
    ").to(memory_format=torch.channels_last)\n",
    "bias_gpu = torch.randn(\n",
    "    1, embedding_dim, 1, 1, dtype=input_type, requires_grad=True, device=\"cuda\"\n",
    ").to(memory_format=torch.channels_last)\n",
    "\n",
    "# Epsilon must be a scalar value on the cpu.\n",
    "epsilon_cpu = torch.full(\n",
    "    (1, 1, 1, 1), epsilon_value, dtype=torch.float32, requires_grad=False, device=\"cpu\"\n",
    ")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Create reference computation and allocate output tensor GPU buffers"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Create the reference computation outputs here so we can use .empty_like() to create our output buffers\n",
    "out_expected = torch.nn.functional.layer_norm(\n",
    "    x_gpu,\n",
    "    [embedding_dim, 1, 1],\n",
    "    weight=scale_gpu.squeeze(0),\n",
    "    bias=bias_gpu.squeeze(0),\n",
    "    eps=epsilon_value,\n",
    ")\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "# Allocate output tensor memory using PyTorch\n",
    "out_gpu = torch.empty_like(out_expected)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### Create cuDNN graph and tensors"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Create the cuDNN graph\n",
    "graph = cudnn.pygraph(\n",
    "    handle=handle,\n",
    "    intermediate_data_type=cudnn.data_type.FLOAT,\n",
    "    compute_data_type=cudnn.data_type.FLOAT,\n",
    ")\n",
    "\n",
    "# Create tensor handles with the graph API\n",
    "x = graph.tensor_like(x_gpu.detach()).set_name(\"X\")\n",
    "scale = graph.tensor_like(scale_gpu.detach()).set_name(\"scale\")\n",
    "bias = graph.tensor_like(bias_gpu.detach()).set_name(\"bias\")\n",
    "epsilon = graph.tensor_like(epsilon_cpu).set_name(\"epsilon\")\n",
    "\n",
    "(out, mean, inv_var) = graph.layernorm(\n",
    "    name=\"layernorm\",\n",
    "    input=x,\n",
    "    norm_forward_phase=cudnn.norm_forward_phase.INFERENCE,  # Note INFERENCE and not TRAINING\n",
    "    scale=scale,\n",
    "    bias=bias,\n",
    "    epsilon=epsilon,\n",
    ")\n",
    "\n",
    "# Enable only the desired output, by default, outputs are disabled\n",
    "out.set_name(\"output\").set_output(True).set_data_type(out_expected.dtype)\n",
    "\n",
    "# Because we have set the norm_forward_phase to INFERENCE, these outputs will be None.\n",
    "assert mean is None\n",
    "assert inv_var is None"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Build the graph"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Build the graph\n",
    "graph.build([cudnn.heur_mode.A, cudnn.heur_mode.FALLBACK])\n",
    "\n",
    "# To run this block more than once, we need to re-run the previous block to get a new graph.\n",
    "# The same instance of a graph should not be built twice."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Execute the graph"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Mapping of (handles -> memory)\n",
    "variant_pack = {\n",
    "    x: x_gpu.detach(),\n",
    "    scale: scale_gpu.detach(),\n",
    "    bias: bias_gpu.detach(),\n",
    "    epsilon: epsilon_cpu,\n",
    "    out: out_gpu,\n",
    "}\n",
    "\n",
    "workspace = torch.empty(graph.get_workspace_size(), device=\"cuda\", dtype=torch.uint8)\n",
    "graph.execute(variant_pack, workspace)\n",
    "torch.cuda.synchronize()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Test cuDNN's output against PyTorch's and check correctness"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# reference output\n",
    "torch.testing.assert_close(out_gpu, out_expected, rtol=5e-3, atol=5e-3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Perform Cleanup"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "cudnn.destroy_handle(handle)"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "metadata": {
  "kernelspec": {
   "display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
   "language": "python",
   "name": "python3"
  },
  "language_info": {
   "codemirror_mode": {
    "name": "ipython",
    "version": 3
   },
   "file_extension": ".py",
   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
   "name": "python",
   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
   "version": "3.1.-1"
  }
 },
 "nbformat": 4,
 "nbformat_minor": 4
}
