.. _radosgw-encryption:

==========
Encryption
==========

.. versionadded:: Luminous

The Ceph Object Gateway supports server-side encryption of uploaded objects,
with 3 options for the management of encryption keys. Server-side encryption
means that the data is sent over HTTP in its unencrypted form, and the Ceph
Object Gateway stores that data in the Ceph Storage Cluster in encrypted form.

.. note:: Requests for server-side encryption must be sent over a secure HTTPS
          connection to avoid sending secrets in plaintext. If a proxy is used
          for SSL termination, ``rgw trust forwarded https`` must be enabled
          before forwarded requests will be trusted as secure.

.. note:: Server-side encryption keys must be 256-bit long and base64 encoded.

Customer-Provided Keys
======================

In this mode, the client passes an encryption key along with each request to
read or write encrypted data. It is the client's responsibility to manage those
keys and remember which key was used to encrypt each object.

This is implemented in S3 according to the `Amazon SSE-C`_ specification.

As all key management is handled by the client, no special Ceph configuration
is needed to support this encryption mode.

Key Management Service
======================

In this mode, an administrator stores keys in a secure key management service.
These keys are then
retrieved on demand by the Ceph Object Gateway to serve requests to encrypt
or decrypt data.

This is implemented in S3 according to the `Amazon SSE-KMS`_ specification.

In principle, any key management service could be used here.  Currently
integration with `Barbican`_, `Vault`_, and `KMIP`_ are implemented.

See `OpenStack Barbican Integration`_, `HashiCorp Vault Integration`_,
and `KMIP Integration`_.

SSE-S3
======

This makes key management invisible to the user.  They are still stored
in Vault, but they are automatically created and deleted by Ceph and
retrieved as required to serve requests to encrypt
or decrypt data.

This is implemented in S3 according to the `Amazon SSE-S3`_ specification.

In principle, any key management service could be used here.  Currently
only integration with `Vault`_, is implemented.

See `HashiCorp Vault Integration`_.

Bucket Encryption APIs
======================

Bucket Encryption APIs to support server-side encryption with Amazon
S3-managed keys (SSE-S3) or AWS KMS customer master keys (SSE-KMS). 

See `PutBucketEncryption`_, `GetBucketEncryption`_, `DeleteBucketEncryption`_

Automatic Encryption (for testing only)
=======================================

A ``rgw crypt default encryption key`` can be set in ceph.conf to force the
encryption of all objects that do not otherwise specify an encryption mode.

The configuration expects a base64-encoded 256 bit key. For example::

  rgw crypt default encryption key = 4YSmvJtBv0aZ7geVgAsdpRnLBEwWSWlMIGnRS8a9TSA=

.. important:: This mode is for diagnostic purposes only! The ceph configuration
   file is not a secure method for storing encryption keys. Keys that are
   accidentally exposed in this way should be considered compromised.


.. _Amazon SSE-C: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/ServerSideEncryptionCustomerKeys.html
.. _Amazon SSE-KMS: http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/UsingKMSEncryption.html
.. _Amazon SSE-S3: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/UsingServerSideEncryption.html
.. _Barbican: https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/Barbican
.. _Vault: https://www.vaultproject.io/docs/
.. _KMIP: http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/kmip/
.. _PutBucketEncryption: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutBucketEncryption.html
.. _GetBucketEncryption: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetBucketEncryption.html
.. _DeleteBucketEncryption: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_DeleteBucketEncryption.html
.. _OpenStack Barbican Integration: ../barbican
.. _HashiCorp Vault Integration: ../vault
.. _KMIP Integration: ../kmip
