==============================
 Manual Deployment on FreeBSD
==============================

This a largely a copy of the regular Manual Deployment with FreeBSD specifics.
The difference lies in two parts: the underlying disk format, and the way to use
the tools.

All Ceph clusters require at least one monitor, and at least as many OSDs as
copies of an object stored on the cluster.  Bootstrapping the initial monitor(s)
is the first step in deploying a Ceph Storage Cluster. Monitor deployment also
sets important criteria for the entire cluster, such as the number of replicas
for pools, the number of :ref:`placement groups` per OSD, the heartbeat intervals,
whether :ref:`authentication <user-management>` is required, etc. Most of these
values are set by default, so it's useful to know about them when setting up
your cluster for production.

We will set up a cluster with ``node1`` as  the monitor node, and ``node2`` and
``node3`` for OSD nodes.



.. ditaa::

           /------------------\         /----------------\
           |    Admin Node    |         |     node1      |
           |                  +-------->+                |
           |                  |         | cCCC           |
           \---------+--------/         \----------------/
                     |
                     |                  /----------------\
                     |                  |     node2      |
                     +----------------->+                |
                     |                  | cCCC           |
                     |                  \----------------/
                     |
                     |                  /----------------\
                     |                  |     node3      |
                     +----------------->|                |
                                        | cCCC           |
                                        \----------------/



Disk Layout on FreeBSD
======================

Current implementation works on ZFS pools.

* All Ceph data is created in ``/var/lib/ceph``.
* Log files go into ``/var/log/ceph``.
* PID files go into ``/var/log/run``.
* One ZFS pool is allocated per OSD, like:

  .. prompt:: bash #

    gpart create -s GPT ada1
    gpart add -t freebsd-zfs -l osd.1 ada1
    zpool create -m /var/lib/ceph/osd/osd.1 osd.1 gpt/osd.1

* Some cache and log (ZIL) can be attached.
  Please note that this is different from the Ceph journals. Cache and log are
  totally transparent for Ceph, and help the file system to keep the system
  consistent and help performance.
  Assuming that ``ada2`` is an SSD:

  .. prompt:: bash #

    gpart create -s GPT ada2
    gpart add -t freebsd-zfs -l osd.1-log -s 1G ada2
    zpool add osd.1 log gpt/osd.1-log
    gpart add -t freebsd-zfs -l osd.1-cache -s 10G ada2
    zpool add osd.1 cache gpt/osd.1-cache

.. note:: UFS2 does not allow large xattribs.


Configuration
-------------

As per FreeBSD default, parts of extra software go into ``/usr/local``. This
means that for ``/etc/ceph.conf`` the default location is
``/usr/local/etc/ceph/ceph.conf``. Smartest thing to do is to create a softlink
from ``/etc/ceph`` to ``/usr/local/etc/ceph``:

.. prompt:: bash #

  ln -s /usr/local/etc/ceph /etc/ceph

A sample file is provided in ``/usr/local/share/doc/ceph/sample.ceph.conf``.
Note that ``/usr/local/etc/ceph/ceph.conf`` will be found by most tools, and
linking it to ``/etc/ceph/ceph.conf`` will help with any scripts that are found
in extra tools, scripts, and/or discussion lists.

Monitor Bootstrapping
=====================

Bootstrapping a monitor (a Ceph Storage Cluster, in theory) requires
a number of things:

- **Unique Identifier:** The ``fsid`` is a unique identifier for the cluster,
  and stands for File System ID from the days when the Ceph Storage Cluster was
  principally for the Ceph File System. Ceph now supports native interfaces,
  block devices, and object storage gateway interfaces too, so ``fsid`` is a
  bit of a misnomer.

- **Cluster Name:** Note that cluster *vanity names* are deprecated and may be
  removed entirely from future releases. We *strongly urge* that new clusters be
  provisioned only with the default name ``ceph``.

- **Monitor Name:** Each monitor instance within a cluster has a unique name.
  In common practice, the Ceph Monitor name is the host name (we recommend one
  Ceph Monitor per host, and no comingling of Ceph OSD daemons with
  Ceph Monitors). You may retrieve the short hostname with ``hostname -s``.

- **Monitor Map:** Bootstrapping the initial monitor(s) requires you to
  generate a monitor map. The monitor map requires the ``fsid`` and at least
  one host name and its IP address.

- **Monitor Keyring**: Monitors communicate with each other via a
  secret key. You must generate a keyring with a monitor secret and provide
  it when bootstrapping the initial monitor(s).

- **Administrator Keyring**: To use the ``ceph`` CLI tools, you must have
  a ``client.admin`` user. So you must generate the admin user and keyring,
  and you must also add the ``client.admin`` user to the monitor keyring.

The foregoing requirements do not imply the creation of a Ceph Configuration
file. However, as a best practice, we recommend creating a Ceph configuration
file and populating it with the ``fsid``, the ``mon initial members`` and the
``mon host`` settings.

You can get and set all of the monitor settings at runtime as well. However,
a Ceph Configuration file may contain only those settings that override the
default values. When you add settings to a Ceph configuration file, these
settings override the default settings. Maintaining those settings in a
Ceph configuration file makes it easier to maintain your cluster.

The procedure is as follows:


#. Log in to the initial monitor node(s)::

    ssh {hostname}

   For example::

    ssh node1


#. Ensure you have a directory for the Ceph configuration file. By default,
   Ceph uses ``/etc/ceph``. When you install ``ceph``, the installer will
   create the ``/etc/ceph`` directory automatically. ::

    ls /etc/ceph

#. Create a Ceph configuration file. By default, Ceph uses
   ``ceph.conf``. ::

    sudo vim /etc/ceph/ceph.conf


#. Generate a unique ID (i.e., ``fsid``) for your cluster. ::

    uuidgen


#. Add the unique ID to your Ceph configuration file. ::

    fsid = {UUID}

   For example::

    fsid = a7f64266-0894-4f1e-a635-d0aeaca0e993


#. Add the initial monitor(s) to your Ceph configuration file. ::

    mon initial members = {hostname}[,{hostname}]

   For example::

    mon initial members = node1


#. Add the IP address(es) of the initial monitor(s) to your Ceph configuration
   file and save the file. ::

    mon host = {ip-address}[,{ip-address}]

   For example::

    mon host = 192.168.0.1

   **Note:** You may use IPv6 addresses instead of IPv4 addresses, but
   you must set ``ms bind ipv6`` to ``true``. See `Network Configuration
   Reference`_ for details about network configuration.

#. Create a keyring for your cluster and generate a monitor secret key. ::

    ceph-authtool --create-keyring /tmp/ceph.mon.keyring --gen-key -n mon. --cap mon 'allow *'


#. Generate an administrator keyring, generate a ``client.admin`` user and add
   the user to the keyring. ::

    sudo ceph-authtool --create-keyring /etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring --gen-key -n client.admin --cap mon 'allow *' --cap osd 'allow *' --cap mds 'allow *' --cap mgr 'allow *'


#. Add the ``client.admin`` key to the ``ceph.mon.keyring``. ::

    ceph-authtool /tmp/ceph.mon.keyring --import-keyring /etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring


#. Generate a monitor map using the hostname(s), host IP address(es) and the FSID.
   Save it as ``/tmp/monmap``::

    monmaptool --create --add {hostname} {ip-address} --fsid {uuid} /tmp/monmap

   For example::

    monmaptool --create --add node1 192.168.0.1 --fsid a7f64266-0894-4f1e-a635-d0aeaca0e993 /tmp/monmap


#. Create a default data directory (or directories) on the monitor host(s). ::

    sudo mkdir /var/lib/ceph/mon/ceph-{hostname}

   For example::

    sudo mkdir /var/lib/ceph/mon/ceph-node1

   See `Monitor Config Reference - Data`_ for details.

#. Populate the monitor daemon(s) with the monitor map and keyring. ::

    sudo -u ceph ceph-mon --mkfs -i {hostname} --monmap /tmp/monmap --keyring /tmp/ceph.mon.keyring

   For example::

    sudo -u ceph ceph-mon --mkfs -i node1 --monmap /tmp/monmap --keyring /tmp/ceph.mon.keyring


#. Consider settings for a Ceph configuration file. Common settings include
   the following::

    [global]
    fsid = {cluster-id}
    mon initial members = {hostname}[, {hostname}]
    mon host = {ip-address}[, {ip-address}]
    public network = {network}[, {network}]
    cluster network = {network}[, {network}]
    auth cluster required = cephx
    auth service required = cephx
    auth client required = cephx
    osd journal size = {n}
    osd pool default size = {n}  # Write an object n times.
    osd pool default min size = {n} # Allow writing n copy in a degraded state.
    osd pool default pg num = {n}
    osd pool default pgp num = {n}
    osd crush chooseleaf type = {n}

   In the foregoing example, the ``[global]`` section of the configuration might
   look like this::

    [global]
    fsid = a7f64266-0894-4f1e-a635-d0aeaca0e993
    mon initial members = node1
    mon host = 192.168.0.1
    public network = 192.168.0.0/24
    auth cluster required = cephx
    auth service required = cephx
    auth client required = cephx
    osd journal size = 1024
    osd pool default size = 3
    osd pool default min size = 2
    osd pool default pg num = 333
    osd pool default pgp num = 333
    osd crush chooseleaf type = 1

#. Touch the ``done`` file.

   Mark that the monitor is created and ready to be started::

    sudo touch /var/lib/ceph/mon/ceph-node1/done

#. And for FreeBSD an entry for every monitor needs to be added to the config
   file. (The requirement will be removed in future releases.)

   The entry should look like::

     [mon]
         [mon.node1]
             host = node1    # this name can be resolved


#. Start the monitor(s).

   For FreeBSD we use the rc.d init scripts (called bsdrc in Ceph)::

    sudo service ceph start start mon.node1

   For this to work ``/etc/rc.conf`` also needs the entry to enable the
   ``ceph`` services::

    cat 'ceph_enable="YES"' >> /etc/rc.conf


#. Verify that Ceph created the default pools. ::

    ceph osd lspools

   You should see output like this::

    0 data
    1 metadata
    2 rbd

#. Verify that the monitor is running. ::

    ceph -s

   You should see output that the monitor you started is up and running, and
   you should see a health error indicating that placement groups are ``stuck
   inactive``. It should look something like this::

    cluster a7f64266-0894-4f1e-a635-d0aeaca0e993
      health HEALTH_ERR 192 pgs stuck inactive; 192 pgs stuck unclean; no osds
      monmap e1: 1 mons at {node1=192.168.0.1:6789/0}, election epoch 1, quorum 0 node1
      osdmap e1: 0 osds: 0 up, 0 in
      pgmap v2: 192 pgs, 3 pools, 0 bytes data, 0 objects
         0 kB used, 0 kB / 0 kB avail
         192 creating

   .. note:: Once you add OSDs and start them, the placement group health errors
             should disappear. See the next section for details.

.. _freebsd_adding_osds:

Adding OSDs
===========

Once you have your initial monitor(s) running, you should add OSDs. Your cluster
cannot reach an ``active + clean`` state until you have enough OSDs to handle the
number of copies of an object (e.g., ``osd pool default size = 2`` requires at
least two OSDs). After bootstrapping your monitor, your cluster has a default
CRUSH map; however, the CRUSH map doesn't have any Ceph OSD daemons mapped to
a Ceph Node.


Long Form
---------

Without the benefit of any helper utilities, create an OSD and add it to the
cluster and CRUSH map with the following procedure. To create the first two
OSDs with the long form procedure, execute the following on ``node2`` and
``node3``:

#. Connect to the OSD host. ::

    ssh {node-name}

#. Generate a UUID for the OSD. ::

    uuidgen


#. Create the OSD. If no UUID is given, it will be set automatically when the
   OSD starts up. The following command will output the OSD number, which you
   will need for subsequent steps. ::

    ceph osd create [{uuid} [{id}]]


#. Create the default directory on your new OSD. ::

    ssh {new-osd-host}
    sudo mkdir /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-{osd-number}

   Above are the ZFS instructions to do this for FreeBSD.


#. If the OSD is for a drive other than the OS drive, prepare it
   for use with Ceph, and mount it to the directory you just created.


#. Initialize the OSD data directory. ::

    ssh {new-osd-host}
    sudo ceph-osd -i {osd-num} --mkfs --mkkey --osd-uuid [{uuid}]

   The directory must be empty before you can run ``ceph-osd`` with the
   ``--mkkey`` option.


#. Register the OSD authentication key. ::

    sudo ceph auth add osd.{osd-num} osd 'allow *' mon 'allow profile osd' -i /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-{osd-num}/keyring


#. Add your Ceph Node to the CRUSH map. ::

    ceph osd crush add-bucket {hostname} host

   For example::

    ceph osd crush add-bucket node1 host


#. Place the Ceph Node under the root ``default``. ::

    ceph osd crush move node1 root=default


#. Add the OSD to the CRUSH map so that it can begin receiving data. You may
   also decompile the CRUSH map, add the OSD to the device list, add the host as a
   bucket (if it's not already in the CRUSH map), add the device as an item in the
   host, assign it a weight, recompile it and set it. ::

    ceph osd crush add {id-or-name} {weight} [{bucket-type}={bucket-name} ...]

   For example::

    ceph osd crush add osd.0 1.0 host=node1


#. After you add an OSD to Ceph, the OSD is in your configuration. However,
   it is not yet running. The OSD is ``down`` and ``in``. You must start
   your new OSD before it can begin receiving data.

   For FreeBSD using rc.d init.

   After adding the OSD to ``ceph.conf``::

    sudo service ceph start osd.{osd-num}

   For example::

    sudo service ceph start osd.0
    sudo service ceph start osd.1

   In this case, to allow the start of the daemon at each reboot you
   must create an empty file like this::

    sudo touch /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-{osd-num}/bsdrc

   For example::

    sudo touch /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0/bsdrc
    sudo touch /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-1/bsdrc

   Once you start your OSD, it is ``up`` and ``in``.



Adding MDS
==========

In the below instructions, ``{id}`` is an arbitrary name, such as the hostname of the machine.

#. Create the MDS data directory. ::

    mkdir -p /var/lib/ceph/mds/ceph-{id}

#. Create a keyring. ::

    ceph-authtool --create-keyring /var/lib/ceph/mds/ceph-{id}/keyring --gen-key -n mds.{id}

#. Import the keyring and set caps. ::

    ceph auth add mds.{id} osd "allow rwx" mds "allow *" mon "allow profile mds" -i /var/lib/ceph/mds/ceph-{id}/keyring

#. Add to ``ceph.conf``. ::

    [mds.{id}]
    host = {id}

#. Start the :ref:`daemon <ceph_mds_man>` the manual way. ::

    ceph-mds -i {id} -m {mon-hostname}:{mon-port} [-f]

#. Start the daemon the right way (using ``ceph.conf`` entry). ::

    service ceph start

#. If starting the daemon fails with this error::

    mds.-1.0 ERROR: failed to authenticate: (22) Invalid argument

   Then make sure you do not have a keyring set in ``ceph.conf`` in the ``global``
   section; move it to the ``client`` section; or add a keyring setting specific
   to this MDS daemon. And verify that you see the same key in the MDS data
   directory and ``ceph auth get mds.{id}`` output.

#. Now you are ready to `create a Ceph file system`_.


Summary
=======

Once you have your monitor and two OSDs up and running, you can watch the
placement groups peer by executing the following:

.. prompt:: bash #

    ceph -w

To view the tree, execute the following:

.. prompt:: bash #

    ceph osd tree

You should see output that looks something like this::

    # id    weight  type name     up/down    reweight
    -1      2       root default
    -2      2           host node1
    0       1               osd.0      up    1
    -3      1           host node2
    1       1               osd.1      up    1

To add (or remove) additional monitors, see :ref:`adding-and-removing-monitors`.
To add (or remove) additional Ceph OSD daemons, see `Add/Remove OSDs`_.


.. _Add/Remove OSDs: ../../rados/operations/add-or-rm-osds
.. _Network Configuration Reference: ../../rados/configuration/network-config-ref
.. _Monitor Config Reference - Data: ../../rados/configuration/mon-config-ref#data
.. _create a Ceph file system: ../../cephfs/createfs
