/****************************************************************
 *
 * The author of this software is David M. Gay.
 *
 * Copyright (c) 1991, 2000, 2001 by Lucent Technologies.
 *
 * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
 * purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice
 * is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy
 * or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting
 * documentation for such software.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
 * WARRANTY.  IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHOR NOR LUCENT MAKES ANY
 * REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE MERCHANTABILITY
 * OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 *
 ***************************************************************/

/*
 This code has been downloaded from  http://www.netlib.org/fp/ on 2017-12-16
 and adapted for use within Open CASCADE Technology as follows:

 1. Macro IEEE_8087 is defined unconditionally
 2. Forward declarations of strtod() and atof(), and 'extern C' statements are commented out
 3. strtod() is renamed to Strtod() (OCCT signature)
 4. dtoa(), freedtoa() and supporting functions are disabled (see DISABLE_DTOA)
 5. Compiler warnings are suppressed

*/

#include <Standard_CString.hxx>

#define IEEE_8087 1
#define DISABLE_DTOA

#ifdef _MSC_VER
  #pragma warning(disable : 4706 4244 4127 4334)
#endif

/* Please send bug reports to David M. Gay (dmg at acm dot org,
 * with " at " changed at "@" and " dot " changed to ".").	*/

/* On a machine with IEEE extended-precision registers, it is
 * necessary to specify double-precision (53-bit) rounding precision
 * before invoking strtod or dtoa.  If the machine uses (the equivalent
 * of) Intel 80x87 arithmetic, the call
 *	_control87(PC_53, MCW_PC);
 * does this with many compilers.  Whether this or another call is
 * appropriate depends on the compiler; for this to work, it may be
 * necessary to #include "float.h" or another system-dependent header
 * file.
 */

/* strtod for IEEE-, VAX-, and IBM-arithmetic machines.
 * (Note that IEEE arithmetic is disabled by gcc's -ffast-math flag.)
 *
 * This strtod returns a nearest machine number to the input decimal
 * string (or sets errno to ERANGE).  With IEEE arithmetic, ties are
 * broken by the IEEE round-even rule.  Otherwise ties are broken by
 * biased rounding (add half and chop).
 *
 * Inspired loosely by William D. Clinger's paper "How to Read Floating
 * Point Numbers Accurately" [Proc. ACM SIGPLAN '90, pp. 92-101].
 *
 * Modifications:
 *
 *	1. We only require IEEE, IBM, or VAX double-precision
 *		arithmetic (not IEEE double-extended).
 *	2. We get by with floating-point arithmetic in a case that
 *		Clinger missed -- when we're computing d * 10^n
 *		for a small integer d and the integer n is not too
 *		much larger than 22 (the maximum integer k for which
 *		we can represent 10^k exactly), we may be able to
 *		compute (d*10^k) * 10^(e-k) with just one roundoff.
 *	3. Rather than a bit-at-a-time adjustment of the binary
 *		result in the hard case, we use floating-point
 *		arithmetic to determine the adjustment to within
 *		one bit; only in really hard cases do we need to
 *		compute a second residual.
 *	4. Because of 3., we don't need a large table of powers of 10
 *		for ten-to-e (just some small tables, e.g. of 10^k
 *		for 0 <= k <= 22).
 */

/*
 * #define IEEE_8087 for IEEE-arithmetic machines where the least
 *	significant byte has the lowest address.
 * #define IEEE_MC68k for IEEE-arithmetic machines where the most
 *	significant byte has the lowest address.
 * #define Long int on machines with 32-bit ints and 64-bit longs.
 * #define IBM for IBM mainframe-style floating-point arithmetic.
 * #define VAX for VAX-style floating-point arithmetic (D_floating).
 * #define No_leftright to omit left-right logic in fast floating-point
 *	computation of dtoa.  This will cause dtoa modes 4 and 5 to be
 *	treated the same as modes 2 and 3 for some inputs.
 * #define Honor_FLT_ROUNDS if FLT_ROUNDS can assume the values 2 or 3
 *	and strtod and dtoa should round accordingly.  Unless Trust_FLT_ROUNDS
 *	is also #defined, fegetround() will be queried for the rounding mode.
 *	Note that both FLT_ROUNDS and fegetround() are specified by the C99
 *	standard (and are specified to be consistent, with fesetround()
 *	affecting the value of FLT_ROUNDS), but that some (Linux) systems
 *	do not work correctly in this regard, so using fegetround() is more
 *	portable than using FLT_ROUNDS directly.
 * #define Check_FLT_ROUNDS if FLT_ROUNDS can assume the values 2 or 3
 *	and Honor_FLT_ROUNDS is not #defined.
 * #define RND_PRODQUOT to use rnd_prod and rnd_quot (assembly routines
 *	that use extended-precision instructions to compute rounded
 *	products and quotients) with IBM.
 * #define ROUND_BIASED for IEEE-format with biased rounding and arithmetic
 *	that rounds toward +Infinity.
 * #define ROUND_BIASED_without_Round_Up for IEEE-format with biased
 *	rounding when the underlying floating-point arithmetic uses
 *	unbiased rounding.  This prevent using ordinary floating-point
 *	arithmetic when the result could be computed with one rounding error.
 * #define Inaccurate_Divide for IEEE-format with correctly rounded
 *	products but inaccurate quotients, e.g., for Intel i860.
 * #define NO_LONG_LONG on machines that do not have a "long long"
 *	integer type (of >= 64 bits).  On such machines, you can
 *	#define Just_16 to store 16 bits per 32-bit Long when doing
 *	high-precision integer arithmetic.  Whether this speeds things
 *	up or slows things down depends on the machine and the number
 *	being converted.  If long long is available and the name is
 *	something other than "long long", #define Llong to be the name,
 *	and if "unsigned Llong" does not work as an unsigned version of
 *	Llong, #define #ULLong to be the corresponding unsigned type.
 * #define Bad_float_h if your system lacks a float.h or if it does not
 *	define some or all of DBL_DIG, DBL_MAX_10_EXP, DBL_MAX_EXP,
 *	FLT_RADIX, FLT_ROUNDS, and DBL_MAX.
 * #define MALLOC your_malloc, where your_malloc(n) acts like malloc(n)
 *	if memory is available and otherwise does something you deem
 *	appropriate.  If MALLOC is undefined, malloc will be invoked
 *	directly -- and assumed always to succeed.  Similarly, if you
 *	want something other than the system's free() to be called to
 *	recycle memory acquired from MALLOC, #define FREE to be the
 *	name of the alternate routine.  (FREE or free is only called in
 *	pathological cases, e.g., in a dtoa call after a dtoa return in
 *	mode 3 with thousands of digits requested.)
 * #define Omit_Private_Memory to omit logic (added Jan. 1998) for making
 *	memory allocations from a private pool of memory when possible.
 *	When used, the private pool is PRIVATE_MEM bytes long:  2304 bytes,
 *	unless #defined to be a different length.  This default length
 *	suffices to get rid of MALLOC calls except for unusual cases,
 *	such as decimal-to-binary conversion of a very long string of
 *	digits.  The longest string dtoa can return is about 751 bytes
 *	long.  For conversions by strtod of strings of 800 digits and
 *	all dtoa conversions in single-threaded executions with 8-byte
 *	pointers, PRIVATE_MEM >= 7400 appears to suffice; with 4-byte
 *	pointers, PRIVATE_MEM >= 7112 appears adequate.
 * #define NO_INFNAN_CHECK if you do not wish to have INFNAN_CHECK
 *	#defined automatically on IEEE systems.  On such systems,
 *	when INFNAN_CHECK is #defined, strtod checks
 *	for Infinity and NaN (case insensitively).  On some systems
 *	(e.g., some HP systems), it may be necessary to #define NAN_WORD0
 *	appropriately -- to the most significant word of a quiet NaN.
 *	(On HP Series 700/800 machines, -DNAN_WORD0=0x7ff40000 works.)
 *	When INFNAN_CHECK is #defined and No_Hex_NaN is not #defined,
 *	strtod also accepts (case insensitively) strings of the form
 *	NaN(x), where x is a string of hexadecimal digits and spaces;
 *	if there is only one string of hexadecimal digits, it is taken
 *	for the 52 fraction bits of the resulting NaN; if there are two
 *	or more strings of hex digits, the first is for the high 20 bits,
 *	the second and subsequent for the low 32 bits, with intervening
 *	white space ignored; but if this results in none of the 52
 *	fraction bits being on (an IEEE Infinity symbol), then NAN_WORD0
 *	and NAN_WORD1 are used instead.
 * #define MULTIPLE_THREADS if the system offers preemptively scheduled
 *	multiple threads.  In this case, you must provide (or suitably
 *	#define) two locks, acquired by ACQUIRE_DTOA_LOCK(n) and freed
 *	by FREE_DTOA_LOCK(n) for n = 0 or 1.  (The second lock, accessed
 *	in pow5mult, ensures lazy evaluation of only one copy of high
 *	powers of 5; omitting this lock would introduce a small
 *	probability of wasting memory, but would otherwise be harmless.)
 *	You must also invoke freedtoa(s) to free the value s returned by
 *	dtoa.  You may do so whether or not MULTIPLE_THREADS is #defined.

 *	When MULTIPLE_THREADS is #defined, this source file provides
 *		void set_max_dtoa_threads(unsigned int n);
 *	and expects
 *		unsigned int dtoa_get_threadno(void);
 *	to be available (possibly provided by
 *		#define dtoa_get_threadno omp_get_thread_num
 *	if OpenMP is in use or by
 *		#define dtoa_get_threadno pthread_self
 *	if Pthreads is in use), to return the current thread number.
 *	If set_max_dtoa_threads(n) was called and the current thread
 *	number is k with k < n, then calls on ACQUIRE_DTOA_LOCK(...) and
 *	FREE_DTOA_LOCK(...) are avoided; instead each thread with thread
 *	number < n has a separate copy of relevant data structures.
 *	After set_max_dtoa_threads(n), a call set_max_dtoa_threads(m)
 *	with m <= n has has no effect, but a call with m > n is honored.
 *	Such a call invokes REALLOC (assumed to be "realloc" if REALLOC
 *	is not #defined) to extend the size of the relevant array.

 * #define NO_IEEE_Scale to disable new (Feb. 1997) logic in strtod that
 *	avoids underflows on inputs whose result does not underflow.
 *	If you #define NO_IEEE_Scale on a machine that uses IEEE-format
 *	floating-point numbers and flushes underflows to zero rather
 *	than implementing gradual underflow, then you must also #define
 *	Sudden_Underflow.
 * #define USE_LOCALE to use the current locale's decimal_point value.
 * #define SET_INEXACT if IEEE arithmetic is being used and extra
 *	computation should be done to set the inexact flag when the
 *	result is inexact and avoid setting inexact when the result
 *	is exact.  In this case, dtoa.c must be compiled in
 *	an environment, perhaps provided by #include "dtoa.c" in a
 *	suitable wrapper, that defines two functions,
 *		int get_inexact(void);
 *		void clear_inexact(void);
 *	such that get_inexact() returns a nonzero value if the
 *	inexact bit is already set, and clear_inexact() sets the
 *	inexact bit to 0.  When SET_INEXACT is #defined, strtod
 *	also does extra computations to set the underflow and overflow
 *	flags when appropriate (i.e., when the result is tiny and
 *	inexact or when it is a numeric value rounded to +-infinity).
 * #define NO_ERRNO if strtod should not assign errno = ERANGE when
 *	the result overflows to +-Infinity or underflows to 0.
 *	When errno should be assigned, under seemingly rare conditions
 *	it may be necessary to define Set_errno(x) suitably, e.g., in
 *	a local errno.h, such as
 *		#include <errno.h>
 *		#define Set_errno(x) _set_errno(x)
 * #define NO_HEX_FP to omit recognition of hexadecimal floating-point
 *	values by strtod.
 * #define NO_STRTOD_BIGCOMP (on IEEE-arithmetic systems only for now)
 *	to disable logic for "fast" testing of very long input strings
 *	to strtod.  This testing proceeds by initially truncating the
 *	input string, then if necessary comparing the whole string with
 *	a decimal expansion to decide close cases. This logic is only
 *	used for input more than STRTOD_DIGLIM digits long (default 40).
 */

#ifndef Long
  #define Long int
#endif
#ifndef ULong
typedef unsigned Long ULong;
#endif

#ifdef DEBUG
  #include <assert.h>
  #include "stdio.h"
  #define Bug(x)                                                                                   \
    {                                                                                              \
      fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", x);                                                                  \
      exit(1);                                                                                     \
    }
  #define Debug(x) x
int dtoa_stats[7]; /* strtod_{64,96,bigcomp},dtoa_{exact,64,96,bigcomp} */
#else
  #define assert(x) /*nothing*/
  #define Debug(x)  /*nothing*/
#endif

#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>

#ifdef USE_LOCALE
  #include "locale.h"
#endif

#ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
  #ifndef Trust_FLT_ROUNDS
    #include <fenv.h>
  #endif
#endif

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C"
{
#endif
#ifdef MALLOC
  extern void* MALLOC(size_t);
#else
  #define MALLOC malloc
#endif

#ifdef REALLOC
  extern void* REALLOC(void*, size_t);
#else
  #define REALLOC realloc
#endif

#ifndef FREE
  #define FREE free
#endif

#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif

#ifndef Omit_Private_Memory
  #ifndef PRIVATE_MEM
    #define PRIVATE_MEM 2304
  #endif
  #define PRIVATE_mem ((PRIVATE_MEM + sizeof(double) - 1) / sizeof(double))
static double private_mem[PRIVATE_mem], *pmem_next = private_mem;
#endif

#undef IEEE_Arith
#undef Avoid_Underflow
#ifdef IEEE_MC68k
  #define IEEE_Arith
#endif
#ifdef IEEE_8087
  #define IEEE_Arith
#endif

#ifdef IEEE_Arith
  #ifndef NO_INFNAN_CHECK
    #undef INFNAN_CHECK
    #define INFNAN_CHECK
  #endif
#else
  #undef INFNAN_CHECK
  #define NO_STRTOD_BIGCOMP
#endif

#include <cerrno>

#ifdef NO_ERRNO /*{*/
  #undef Set_errno
  #define Set_errno(x)
#else
  #ifndef Set_errno
    #define Set_errno(x) errno = x
  #endif
#endif /*}*/

#ifdef Bad_float_h

  #ifdef IEEE_Arith
    #define DBL_DIG 15
    #define DBL_MAX_10_EXP 308
    #define DBL_MAX_EXP 1024
    #define FLT_RADIX 2
  #endif /*IEEE_Arith*/

  #ifdef IBM
    #define DBL_DIG 16
    #define DBL_MAX_10_EXP 75
    #define DBL_MAX_EXP 63
    #define FLT_RADIX 16
    #define DBL_MAX 7.2370055773322621e+75
  #endif

  #ifdef VAX
    #define DBL_DIG 16
    #define DBL_MAX_10_EXP 38
    #define DBL_MAX_EXP 127
    #define FLT_RADIX 2
    #define DBL_MAX 1.7014118346046923e+38
  #endif

  #ifndef LONG_MAX
    #define LONG_MAX 2147483647
  #endif

#else /* ifndef Bad_float_h */
  #include <cfloat>
#endif /* Bad_float_h */

#ifndef __MATH_H__
  #include <cmath>
#endif

#ifdef __cplusplus
// extern "C" {
#endif

#if defined(IEEE_8087) + defined(IEEE_MC68k) + defined(VAX) + defined(IBM) != 1
Exactly one of IEEE_8087, IEEE_MC68k, VAX, or IBM should be defined.
#endif

#undef USE_BF96

#ifdef NO_LONG_LONG /*{{*/
  #undef ULLong
  #ifdef Just_16
    #undef Pack_32
  /* When Pack_32 is not defined, we store 16 bits per 32-bit Long.
   * This makes some inner loops simpler and sometimes saves work
   * during multiplications, but it often seems to make things slightly
   * slower.  Hence the default is now to store 32 bits per Long.
   */
  #endif
#else /*}{ long long available */
  #ifndef Llong
    #define Llong long long
  #endif
  #ifndef ULLong
    #define ULLong unsigned Llong
  #endif
  #ifndef NO_BF96 /*{*/
    #define USE_BF96

    #ifdef SET_INEXACT
      #define dtoa_divmax 27
    #else
int dtoa_divmax = 2; /* Permit experimenting: on some systems, 64-bit integer */
                     /* division is slow enough that we may sometimes want to */
                     /* avoid using it.   We assume (but do not check) that   */
                     /* dtoa_divmax <= 27.*/
    #endif

typedef struct BF96
{                          /* Normalized 96-bit software floating point numbers */
  unsigned int b0, b1, b2; /* b0 = most significant, binary point just to its left */
  int          e;          /* number represented = b * 2^e, with .5 <= b < 1 */
} BF96;

static BF96 pten[667] = {
  {0xeef453d6, 0x923bd65a, 0x113faa29, -1136}, {0x9558b466, 0x1b6565f8, 0x4ac7ca59, -1132},
  {0xbaaee17f, 0xa23ebf76, 0x5d79bcf0, -1129}, {0xe95a99df, 0x8ace6f53, 0xf4d82c2c, -1126},
  {0x91d8a02b, 0xb6c10594, 0x79071b9b, -1122}, {0xb64ec836, 0xa47146f9, 0x9748e282, -1119},
  {0xe3e27a44, 0x4d8d98b7, 0xfd1b1b23, -1116}, {0x8e6d8c6a, 0xb0787f72, 0xfe30f0f5, -1112},
  {0xb208ef85, 0x5c969f4f, 0xbdbd2d33, -1109}, {0xde8b2b66, 0xb3bc4723, 0xad2c7880, -1106},
  {0x8b16fb20, 0x3055ac76, 0x4c3bcb50, -1102}, {0xaddcb9e8, 0x3c6b1793, 0xdf4abe24, -1099},
  {0xd953e862, 0x4b85dd78, 0xd71d6dad, -1096}, {0x87d4713d, 0x6f33aa6b, 0x8672648c, -1092},
  {0xa9c98d8c, 0xcb009506, 0x680efdaf, -1089}, {0xd43bf0ef, 0xfdc0ba48, 0x0212bd1b, -1086},
  {0x84a57695, 0xfe98746d, 0x014bb630, -1082}, {0xa5ced43b, 0x7e3e9188, 0x419ea3bd, -1079},
  {0xcf42894a, 0x5dce35ea, 0x52064cac, -1076}, {0x818995ce, 0x7aa0e1b2, 0x7343efeb, -1072},
  {0xa1ebfb42, 0x19491a1f, 0x1014ebe6, -1069}, {0xca66fa12, 0x9f9b60a6, 0xd41a26e0, -1066},
  {0xfd00b897, 0x478238d0, 0x8920b098, -1063}, {0x9e20735e, 0x8cb16382, 0x55b46e5f, -1059},
  {0xc5a89036, 0x2fddbc62, 0xeb2189f7, -1056}, {0xf712b443, 0xbbd52b7b, 0xa5e9ec75, -1053},
  {0x9a6bb0aa, 0x55653b2d, 0x47b233c9, -1049}, {0xc1069cd4, 0xeabe89f8, 0x999ec0bb, -1046},
  {0xf148440a, 0x256e2c76, 0xc00670ea, -1043}, {0x96cd2a86, 0x5764dbca, 0x38040692, -1039},
  {0xbc807527, 0xed3e12bc, 0xc6050837, -1036}, {0xeba09271, 0xe88d976b, 0xf7864a44, -1033},
  {0x93445b87, 0x31587ea3, 0x7ab3ee6a, -1029}, {0xb8157268, 0xfdae9e4c, 0x5960ea05, -1026},
  {0xe61acf03, 0x3d1a45df, 0x6fb92487, -1023}, {0x8fd0c162, 0x06306bab, 0xa5d3b6d4, -1019},
  {0xb3c4f1ba, 0x87bc8696, 0x8f48a489, -1016}, {0xe0b62e29, 0x29aba83c, 0x331acdab, -1013},
  {0x8c71dcd9, 0xba0b4925, 0x9ff0c08b, -1009}, {0xaf8e5410, 0x288e1b6f, 0x07ecf0ae, -1006},
  {0xdb71e914, 0x32b1a24a, 0xc9e82cd9, -1003}, {0x892731ac, 0x9faf056e, 0xbe311c08, -999},
  {0xab70fe17, 0xc79ac6ca, 0x6dbd630a, -996},  {0xd64d3d9d, 0xb981787d, 0x092cbbcc, -993},
  {0x85f04682, 0x93f0eb4e, 0x25bbf560, -989},  {0xa76c5823, 0x38ed2621, 0xaf2af2b8, -986},
  {0xd1476e2c, 0x07286faa, 0x1af5af66, -983},  {0x82cca4db, 0x847945ca, 0x50d98d9f, -979},
  {0xa37fce12, 0x6597973c, 0xe50ff107, -976},  {0xcc5fc196, 0xfefd7d0c, 0x1e53ed49, -973},
  {0xff77b1fc, 0xbebcdc4f, 0x25e8e89c, -970},  {0x9faacf3d, 0xf73609b1, 0x77b19161, -966},
  {0xc795830d, 0x75038c1d, 0xd59df5b9, -963},  {0xf97ae3d0, 0xd2446f25, 0x4b057328, -960},
  {0x9becce62, 0x836ac577, 0x4ee367f9, -956},  {0xc2e801fb, 0x244576d5, 0x229c41f7, -953},
  {0xf3a20279, 0xed56d48a, 0x6b435275, -950},  {0x9845418c, 0x345644d6, 0x830a1389, -946},
  {0xbe5691ef, 0x416bd60c, 0x23cc986b, -943},  {0xedec366b, 0x11c6cb8f, 0x2cbfbe86, -940},
  {0x94b3a202, 0xeb1c3f39, 0x7bf7d714, -936},  {0xb9e08a83, 0xa5e34f07, 0xdaf5ccd9, -933},
  {0xe858ad24, 0x8f5c22c9, 0xd1b3400f, -930},  {0x91376c36, 0xd99995be, 0x23100809, -926},
  {0xb5854744, 0x8ffffb2d, 0xabd40a0c, -923},  {0xe2e69915, 0xb3fff9f9, 0x16c90c8f, -920},
  {0x8dd01fad, 0x907ffc3b, 0xae3da7d9, -916},  {0xb1442798, 0xf49ffb4a, 0x99cd11cf, -913},
  {0xdd95317f, 0x31c7fa1d, 0x40405643, -910},  {0x8a7d3eef, 0x7f1cfc52, 0x482835ea, -906},
  {0xad1c8eab, 0x5ee43b66, 0xda324365, -903},  {0xd863b256, 0x369d4a40, 0x90bed43e, -900},
  {0x873e4f75, 0xe2224e68, 0x5a7744a6, -896},  {0xa90de353, 0x5aaae202, 0x711515d0, -893},
  {0xd3515c28, 0x31559a83, 0x0d5a5b44, -890},  {0x8412d999, 0x1ed58091, 0xe858790a, -886},
  {0xa5178fff, 0x668ae0b6, 0x626e974d, -883},  {0xce5d73ff, 0x402d98e3, 0xfb0a3d21, -880},
  {0x80fa687f, 0x881c7f8e, 0x7ce66634, -876},  {0xa139029f, 0x6a239f72, 0x1c1fffc1, -873},
  {0xc9874347, 0x44ac874e, 0xa327ffb2, -870},  {0xfbe91419, 0x15d7a922, 0x4bf1ff9f, -867},
  {0x9d71ac8f, 0xada6c9b5, 0x6f773fc3, -863},  {0xc4ce17b3, 0x99107c22, 0xcb550fb4, -860},
  {0xf6019da0, 0x7f549b2b, 0x7e2a53a1, -857},  {0x99c10284, 0x4f94e0fb, 0x2eda7444, -853},
  {0xc0314325, 0x637a1939, 0xfa911155, -850},  {0xf03d93ee, 0xbc589f88, 0x793555ab, -847},
  {0x96267c75, 0x35b763b5, 0x4bc1558b, -843},  {0xbbb01b92, 0x83253ca2, 0x9eb1aaed, -840},
  {0xea9c2277, 0x23ee8bcb, 0x465e15a9, -837},  {0x92a1958a, 0x7675175f, 0x0bfacd89, -833},
  {0xb749faed, 0x14125d36, 0xcef980ec, -830},  {0xe51c79a8, 0x5916f484, 0x82b7e127, -827},
  {0x8f31cc09, 0x37ae58d2, 0xd1b2ecb8, -823},  {0xb2fe3f0b, 0x8599ef07, 0x861fa7e6, -820},
  {0xdfbdcece, 0x67006ac9, 0x67a791e0, -817},  {0x8bd6a141, 0x006042bd, 0xe0c8bb2c, -813},
  {0xaecc4991, 0x4078536d, 0x58fae9f7, -810},  {0xda7f5bf5, 0x90966848, 0xaf39a475, -807},
  {0x888f9979, 0x7a5e012d, 0x6d8406c9, -803},  {0xaab37fd7, 0xd8f58178, 0xc8e5087b, -800},
  {0xd5605fcd, 0xcf32e1d6, 0xfb1e4a9a, -797},  {0x855c3be0, 0xa17fcd26, 0x5cf2eea0, -793},
  {0xa6b34ad8, 0xc9dfc06f, 0xf42faa48, -790},  {0xd0601d8e, 0xfc57b08b, 0xf13b94da, -787},
  {0x823c1279, 0x5db6ce57, 0x76c53d08, -783},  {0xa2cb1717, 0xb52481ed, 0x54768c4b, -780},
  {0xcb7ddcdd, 0xa26da268, 0xa9942f5d, -777},  {0xfe5d5415, 0x0b090b02, 0xd3f93b35, -774},
  {0x9efa548d, 0x26e5a6e1, 0xc47bc501, -770},  {0xc6b8e9b0, 0x709f109a, 0x359ab641, -767},
  {0xf867241c, 0x8cc6d4c0, 0xc30163d2, -764},  {0x9b407691, 0xd7fc44f8, 0x79e0de63, -760},
  {0xc2109436, 0x4dfb5636, 0x985915fc, -757},  {0xf294b943, 0xe17a2bc4, 0x3e6f5b7b, -754},
  {0x979cf3ca, 0x6cec5b5a, 0xa705992c, -750},  {0xbd8430bd, 0x08277231, 0x50c6ff78, -747},
  {0xece53cec, 0x4a314ebd, 0xa4f8bf56, -744},  {0x940f4613, 0xae5ed136, 0x871b7795, -740},
  {0xb9131798, 0x99f68584, 0x28e2557b, -737},  {0xe757dd7e, 0xc07426e5, 0x331aeada, -734},
  {0x9096ea6f, 0x3848984f, 0x3ff0d2c8, -730},  {0xb4bca50b, 0x065abe63, 0x0fed077a, -727},
  {0xe1ebce4d, 0xc7f16dfb, 0xd3e84959, -724},  {0x8d3360f0, 0x9cf6e4bd, 0x64712dd7, -720},
  {0xb080392c, 0xc4349dec, 0xbd8d794d, -717},  {0xdca04777, 0xf541c567, 0xecf0d7a0, -714},
  {0x89e42caa, 0xf9491b60, 0xf41686c4, -710},  {0xac5d37d5, 0xb79b6239, 0x311c2875, -707},
  {0xd77485cb, 0x25823ac7, 0x7d633293, -704},  {0x86a8d39e, 0xf77164bc, 0xae5dff9c, -700},
  {0xa8530886, 0xb54dbdeb, 0xd9f57f83, -697},  {0xd267caa8, 0x62a12d66, 0xd072df63, -694},
  {0x8380dea9, 0x3da4bc60, 0x4247cb9e, -690},  {0xa4611653, 0x8d0deb78, 0x52d9be85, -687},
  {0xcd795be8, 0x70516656, 0x67902e27, -684},  {0x806bd971, 0x4632dff6, 0x00ba1cd8, -680},
  {0xa086cfcd, 0x97bf97f3, 0x80e8a40e, -677},  {0xc8a883c0, 0xfdaf7df0, 0x6122cd12, -674},
  {0xfad2a4b1, 0x3d1b5d6c, 0x796b8057, -671},  {0x9cc3a6ee, 0xc6311a63, 0xcbe33036, -667},
  {0xc3f490aa, 0x77bd60fc, 0xbedbfc44, -664},  {0xf4f1b4d5, 0x15acb93b, 0xee92fb55, -661},
  {0x99171105, 0x2d8bf3c5, 0x751bdd15, -657},  {0xbf5cd546, 0x78eef0b6, 0xd262d45a, -654},
  {0xef340a98, 0x172aace4, 0x86fb8971, -651},  {0x9580869f, 0x0e7aac0e, 0xd45d35e6, -647},
  {0xbae0a846, 0xd2195712, 0x89748360, -644},  {0xe998d258, 0x869facd7, 0x2bd1a438, -641},
  {0x91ff8377, 0x5423cc06, 0x7b6306a3, -637},  {0xb67f6455, 0x292cbf08, 0x1a3bc84c, -634},
  {0xe41f3d6a, 0x7377eeca, 0x20caba5f, -631},  {0x8e938662, 0x882af53e, 0x547eb47b, -627},
  {0xb23867fb, 0x2a35b28d, 0xe99e619a, -624},  {0xdec681f9, 0xf4c31f31, 0x6405fa00, -621},
  {0x8b3c113c, 0x38f9f37e, 0xde83bc40, -617},  {0xae0b158b, 0x4738705e, 0x9624ab50, -614},
  {0xd98ddaee, 0x19068c76, 0x3badd624, -611},  {0x87f8a8d4, 0xcfa417c9, 0xe54ca5d7, -607},
  {0xa9f6d30a, 0x038d1dbc, 0x5e9fcf4c, -604},  {0xd47487cc, 0x8470652b, 0x7647c320, -601},
  {0x84c8d4df, 0xd2c63f3b, 0x29ecd9f4, -597},  {0xa5fb0a17, 0xc777cf09, 0xf4681071, -594},
  {0xcf79cc9d, 0xb955c2cc, 0x7182148d, -591},  {0x81ac1fe2, 0x93d599bf, 0xc6f14cd8, -587},
  {0xa21727db, 0x38cb002f, 0xb8ada00e, -584},  {0xca9cf1d2, 0x06fdc03b, 0xa6d90811, -581},
  {0xfd442e46, 0x88bd304a, 0x908f4a16, -578},  {0x9e4a9cec, 0x15763e2e, 0x9a598e4e, -574},
  {0xc5dd4427, 0x1ad3cdba, 0x40eff1e1, -571},  {0xf7549530, 0xe188c128, 0xd12bee59, -568},
  {0x9a94dd3e, 0x8cf578b9, 0x82bb74f8, -564},  {0xc13a148e, 0x3032d6e7, 0xe36a5236, -561},
  {0xf18899b1, 0xbc3f8ca1, 0xdc44e6c3, -558},  {0x96f5600f, 0x15a7b7e5, 0x29ab103a, -554},
  {0xbcb2b812, 0xdb11a5de, 0x7415d448, -551},  {0xebdf6617, 0x91d60f56, 0x111b495b, -548},
  {0x936b9fce, 0xbb25c995, 0xcab10dd9, -544},  {0xb84687c2, 0x69ef3bfb, 0x3d5d514f, -541},
  {0xe65829b3, 0x046b0afa, 0x0cb4a5a3, -538},  {0x8ff71a0f, 0xe2c2e6dc, 0x47f0e785, -534},
  {0xb3f4e093, 0xdb73a093, 0x59ed2167, -531},  {0xe0f218b8, 0xd25088b8, 0x306869c1, -528},
  {0x8c974f73, 0x83725573, 0x1e414218, -524},  {0xafbd2350, 0x644eeacf, 0xe5d1929e, -521},
  {0xdbac6c24, 0x7d62a583, 0xdf45f746, -518},  {0x894bc396, 0xce5da772, 0x6b8bba8c, -514},
  {0xab9eb47c, 0x81f5114f, 0x066ea92f, -511},  {0xd686619b, 0xa27255a2, 0xc80a537b, -508},
  {0x8613fd01, 0x45877585, 0xbd06742c, -504},  {0xa798fc41, 0x96e952e7, 0x2c481138, -501},
  {0xd17f3b51, 0xfca3a7a0, 0xf75a1586, -498},  {0x82ef8513, 0x3de648c4, 0x9a984d73, -494},
  {0xa3ab6658, 0x0d5fdaf5, 0xc13e60d0, -491},  {0xcc963fee, 0x10b7d1b3, 0x318df905, -488},
  {0xffbbcfe9, 0x94e5c61f, 0xfdf17746, -485},  {0x9fd561f1, 0xfd0f9bd3, 0xfeb6ea8b, -481},
  {0xc7caba6e, 0x7c5382c8, 0xfe64a52e, -478},  {0xf9bd690a, 0x1b68637b, 0x3dfdce7a, -475},
  {0x9c1661a6, 0x51213e2d, 0x06bea10c, -471},  {0xc31bfa0f, 0xe5698db8, 0x486e494f, -468},
  {0xf3e2f893, 0xdec3f126, 0x5a89dba3, -465},  {0x986ddb5c, 0x6b3a76b7, 0xf8962946, -461},
  {0xbe895233, 0x86091465, 0xf6bbb397, -458},  {0xee2ba6c0, 0x678b597f, 0x746aa07d, -455},
  {0x94db4838, 0x40b717ef, 0xa8c2a44e, -451},  {0xba121a46, 0x50e4ddeb, 0x92f34d62, -448},
  {0xe896a0d7, 0xe51e1566, 0x77b020ba, -445},  {0x915e2486, 0xef32cd60, 0x0ace1474, -441},
  {0xb5b5ada8, 0xaaff80b8, 0x0d819992, -438},  {0xe3231912, 0xd5bf60e6, 0x10e1fff6, -435},
  {0x8df5efab, 0xc5979c8f, 0xca8d3ffa, -431},  {0xb1736b96, 0xb6fd83b3, 0xbd308ff8, -428},
  {0xddd0467c, 0x64bce4a0, 0xac7cb3f6, -425},  {0x8aa22c0d, 0xbef60ee4, 0x6bcdf07a, -421},
  {0xad4ab711, 0x2eb3929d, 0x86c16c98, -418},  {0xd89d64d5, 0x7a607744, 0xe871c7bf, -415},
  {0x87625f05, 0x6c7c4a8b, 0x11471cd7, -411},  {0xa93af6c6, 0xc79b5d2d, 0xd598e40d, -408},
  {0xd389b478, 0x79823479, 0x4aff1d10, -405},  {0x843610cb, 0x4bf160cb, 0xcedf722a, -401},
  {0xa54394fe, 0x1eedb8fe, 0xc2974eb4, -398},  {0xce947a3d, 0xa6a9273e, 0x733d2262, -395},
  {0x811ccc66, 0x8829b887, 0x0806357d, -391},  {0xa163ff80, 0x2a3426a8, 0xca07c2dc, -388},
  {0xc9bcff60, 0x34c13052, 0xfc89b393, -385},  {0xfc2c3f38, 0x41f17c67, 0xbbac2078, -382},
  {0x9d9ba783, 0x2936edc0, 0xd54b944b, -378},  {0xc5029163, 0xf384a931, 0x0a9e795e, -375},
  {0xf64335bc, 0xf065d37d, 0x4d4617b5, -372},  {0x99ea0196, 0x163fa42e, 0x504bced1, -368},
  {0xc06481fb, 0x9bcf8d39, 0xe45ec286, -365},  {0xf07da27a, 0x82c37088, 0x5d767327, -362},
  {0x964e858c, 0x91ba2655, 0x3a6a07f8, -358},  {0xbbe226ef, 0xb628afea, 0x890489f7, -355},
  {0xeadab0ab, 0xa3b2dbe5, 0x2b45ac74, -352},  {0x92c8ae6b, 0x464fc96f, 0x3b0b8bc9, -348},
  {0xb77ada06, 0x17e3bbcb, 0x09ce6ebb, -345},  {0xe5599087, 0x9ddcaabd, 0xcc420a6a, -342},
  {0x8f57fa54, 0xc2a9eab6, 0x9fa94682, -338},  {0xb32df8e9, 0xf3546564, 0x47939822, -335},
  {0xdff97724, 0x70297ebd, 0x59787e2b, -332},  {0x8bfbea76, 0xc619ef36, 0x57eb4edb, -328},
  {0xaefae514, 0x77a06b03, 0xede62292, -325},  {0xdab99e59, 0x958885c4, 0xe95fab36, -322},
  {0x88b402f7, 0xfd75539b, 0x11dbcb02, -318},  {0xaae103b5, 0xfcd2a881, 0xd652bdc2, -315},
  {0xd59944a3, 0x7c0752a2, 0x4be76d33, -312},  {0x857fcae6, 0x2d8493a5, 0x6f70a440, -308},
  {0xa6dfbd9f, 0xb8e5b88e, 0xcb4ccd50, -305},  {0xd097ad07, 0xa71f26b2, 0x7e2000a4, -302},
  {0x825ecc24, 0xc873782f, 0x8ed40066, -298},  {0xa2f67f2d, 0xfa90563b, 0x72890080, -295},
  {0xcbb41ef9, 0x79346bca, 0x4f2b40a0, -292},  {0xfea126b7, 0xd78186bc, 0xe2f610c8, -289},
  {0x9f24b832, 0xe6b0f436, 0x0dd9ca7d, -285},  {0xc6ede63f, 0xa05d3143, 0x91503d1c, -282},
  {0xf8a95fcf, 0x88747d94, 0x75a44c63, -279},  {0x9b69dbe1, 0xb548ce7c, 0xc986afbe, -275},
  {0xc24452da, 0x229b021b, 0xfbe85bad, -272},  {0xf2d56790, 0xab41c2a2, 0xfae27299, -269},
  {0x97c560ba, 0x6b0919a5, 0xdccd879f, -265},  {0xbdb6b8e9, 0x05cb600f, 0x5400e987, -262},
  {0xed246723, 0x473e3813, 0x290123e9, -259},  {0x9436c076, 0x0c86e30b, 0xf9a0b672, -255},
  {0xb9447093, 0x8fa89bce, 0xf808e40e, -252},  {0xe7958cb8, 0x7392c2c2, 0xb60b1d12, -249},
  {0x90bd77f3, 0x483bb9b9, 0xb1c6f22b, -245},  {0xb4ecd5f0, 0x1a4aa828, 0x1e38aeb6, -242},
  {0xe2280b6c, 0x20dd5232, 0x25c6da63, -239},  {0x8d590723, 0x948a535f, 0x579c487e, -235},
  {0xb0af48ec, 0x79ace837, 0x2d835a9d, -232},  {0xdcdb1b27, 0x98182244, 0xf8e43145, -229},
  {0x8a08f0f8, 0xbf0f156b, 0x1b8e9ecb, -225},  {0xac8b2d36, 0xeed2dac5, 0xe272467e, -222},
  {0xd7adf884, 0xaa879177, 0x5b0ed81d, -219},  {0x86ccbb52, 0xea94baea, 0x98e94712, -215},
  {0xa87fea27, 0xa539e9a5, 0x3f2398d7, -212},  {0xd29fe4b1, 0x8e88640e, 0x8eec7f0d, -209},
  {0x83a3eeee, 0xf9153e89, 0x1953cf68, -205},  {0xa48ceaaa, 0xb75a8e2b, 0x5fa8c342, -202},
  {0xcdb02555, 0x653131b6, 0x3792f412, -199},  {0x808e1755, 0x5f3ebf11, 0xe2bbd88b, -195},
  {0xa0b19d2a, 0xb70e6ed6, 0x5b6aceae, -192},  {0xc8de0475, 0x64d20a8b, 0xf245825a, -189},
  {0xfb158592, 0xbe068d2e, 0xeed6e2f0, -186},  {0x9ced737b, 0xb6c4183d, 0x55464dd6, -182},
  {0xc428d05a, 0xa4751e4c, 0xaa97e14c, -179},  {0xf5330471, 0x4d9265df, 0xd53dd99f, -176},
  {0x993fe2c6, 0xd07b7fab, 0xe546a803, -172},  {0xbf8fdb78, 0x849a5f96, 0xde985204, -169},
  {0xef73d256, 0xa5c0f77c, 0x963e6685, -166},  {0x95a86376, 0x27989aad, 0xdde70013, -162},
  {0xbb127c53, 0xb17ec159, 0x5560c018, -159},  {0xe9d71b68, 0x9dde71af, 0xaab8f01e, -156},
  {0x92267121, 0x62ab070d, 0xcab39613, -152},  {0xb6b00d69, 0xbb55c8d1, 0x3d607b97, -149},
  {0xe45c10c4, 0x2a2b3b05, 0x8cb89a7d, -146},  {0x8eb98a7a, 0x9a5b04e3, 0x77f3608e, -142},
  {0xb267ed19, 0x40f1c61c, 0x55f038b2, -139},  {0xdf01e85f, 0x912e37a3, 0x6b6c46de, -136},
  {0x8b61313b, 0xbabce2c6, 0x2323ac4b, -132},  {0xae397d8a, 0xa96c1b77, 0xabec975e, -129},
  {0xd9c7dced, 0x53c72255, 0x96e7bd35, -126},  {0x881cea14, 0x545c7575, 0x7e50d641, -122},
  {0xaa242499, 0x697392d2, 0xdde50bd1, -119},  {0xd4ad2dbf, 0xc3d07787, 0x955e4ec6, -116},
  {0x84ec3c97, 0xda624ab4, 0xbd5af13b, -112},  {0xa6274bbd, 0xd0fadd61, 0xecb1ad8a, -109},
  {0xcfb11ead, 0x453994ba, 0x67de18ed, -106},  {0x81ceb32c, 0x4b43fcf4, 0x80eacf94, -102},
  {0xa2425ff7, 0x5e14fc31, 0xa1258379, -99},   {0xcad2f7f5, 0x359a3b3e, 0x096ee458, -96},
  {0xfd87b5f2, 0x8300ca0d, 0x8bca9d6e, -93},   {0x9e74d1b7, 0x91e07e48, 0x775ea264, -89},
  {0xc6120625, 0x76589dda, 0x95364afe, -86},   {0xf79687ae, 0xd3eec551, 0x3a83ddbd, -83},
  {0x9abe14cd, 0x44753b52, 0xc4926a96, -79},   {0xc16d9a00, 0x95928a27, 0x75b7053c, -76},
  {0xf1c90080, 0xbaf72cb1, 0x5324c68b, -73},   {0x971da050, 0x74da7bee, 0xd3f6fc16, -69},
  {0xbce50864, 0x92111aea, 0x88f4bb1c, -66},   {0xec1e4a7d, 0xb69561a5, 0x2b31e9e3, -63},
  {0x9392ee8e, 0x921d5d07, 0x3aff322e, -59},   {0xb877aa32, 0x36a4b449, 0x09befeb9, -56},
  {0xe69594be, 0xc44de15b, 0x4c2ebe68, -53},   {0x901d7cf7, 0x3ab0acd9, 0x0f9d3701, -49},
  {0xb424dc35, 0x095cd80f, 0x538484c1, -46},   {0xe12e1342, 0x4bb40e13, 0x2865a5f2, -43},
  {0x8cbccc09, 0x6f5088cb, 0xf93f87b7, -39},   {0xafebff0b, 0xcb24aafe, 0xf78f69a5, -36},
  {0xdbe6fece, 0xbdedd5be, 0xb573440e, -33},   {0x89705f41, 0x36b4a597, 0x31680a88, -29},
  {0xabcc7711, 0x8461cefc, 0xfdc20d2b, -26},   {0xd6bf94d5, 0xe57a42bc, 0x3d329076, -23},
  {0x8637bd05, 0xaf6c69b5, 0xa63f9a49, -19},   {0xa7c5ac47, 0x1b478423, 0x0fcf80dc, -16},
  {0xd1b71758, 0xe219652b, 0xd3c36113, -13},   {0x83126e97, 0x8d4fdf3b, 0x645a1cac, -9},
  {0xa3d70a3d, 0x70a3d70a, 0x3d70a3d7, -6},    {0xcccccccc, 0xcccccccc, 0xcccccccc, -3},
  {0x80000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 1},     {0xa0000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 4},
  {0xc8000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 7},     {0xfa000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 10},
  {0x9c400000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 14},    {0xc3500000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 17},
  {0xf4240000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 20},    {0x98968000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 24},
  {0xbebc2000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 27},    {0xee6b2800, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 30},
  {0x9502f900, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 34},    {0xba43b740, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 37},
  {0xe8d4a510, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 40},    {0x9184e72a, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 44},
  {0xb5e620f4, 0x80000000, 0x00000000, 47},    {0xe35fa931, 0xa0000000, 0x00000000, 50},
  {0x8e1bc9bf, 0x04000000, 0x00000000, 54},    {0xb1a2bc2e, 0xc5000000, 0x00000000, 57},
  {0xde0b6b3a, 0x76400000, 0x00000000, 60},    {0x8ac72304, 0x89e80000, 0x00000000, 64},
  {0xad78ebc5, 0xac620000, 0x00000000, 67},    {0xd8d726b7, 0x177a8000, 0x00000000, 70},
  {0x87867832, 0x6eac9000, 0x00000000, 74},    {0xa968163f, 0x0a57b400, 0x00000000, 77},
  {0xd3c21bce, 0xcceda100, 0x00000000, 80},    {0x84595161, 0x401484a0, 0x00000000, 84},
  {0xa56fa5b9, 0x9019a5c8, 0x00000000, 87},    {0xcecb8f27, 0xf4200f3a, 0x00000000, 90},
  {0x813f3978, 0xf8940984, 0x40000000, 94},    {0xa18f07d7, 0x36b90be5, 0x50000000, 97},
  {0xc9f2c9cd, 0x04674ede, 0xa4000000, 100},   {0xfc6f7c40, 0x45812296, 0x4d000000, 103},
  {0x9dc5ada8, 0x2b70b59d, 0xf0200000, 107},   {0xc5371912, 0x364ce305, 0x6c280000, 110},
  {0xf684df56, 0xc3e01bc6, 0xc7320000, 113},   {0x9a130b96, 0x3a6c115c, 0x3c7f4000, 117},
  {0xc097ce7b, 0xc90715b3, 0x4b9f1000, 120},   {0xf0bdc21a, 0xbb48db20, 0x1e86d400, 123},
  {0x96769950, 0xb50d88f4, 0x13144480, 127},   {0xbc143fa4, 0xe250eb31, 0x17d955a0, 130},
  {0xeb194f8e, 0x1ae525fd, 0x5dcfab08, 133},   {0x92efd1b8, 0xd0cf37be, 0x5aa1cae5, 137},
  {0xb7abc627, 0x050305ad, 0xf14a3d9e, 140},   {0xe596b7b0, 0xc643c719, 0x6d9ccd05, 143},
  {0x8f7e32ce, 0x7bea5c6f, 0xe4820023, 147},   {0xb35dbf82, 0x1ae4f38b, 0xdda2802c, 150},
  {0xe0352f62, 0xa19e306e, 0xd50b2037, 153},   {0x8c213d9d, 0xa502de45, 0x4526f422, 157},
  {0xaf298d05, 0x0e4395d6, 0x9670b12b, 160},   {0xdaf3f046, 0x51d47b4c, 0x3c0cdd76, 163},
  {0x88d8762b, 0xf324cd0f, 0xa5880a69, 167},   {0xab0e93b6, 0xefee0053, 0x8eea0d04, 170},
  {0xd5d238a4, 0xabe98068, 0x72a49045, 173},   {0x85a36366, 0xeb71f041, 0x47a6da2b, 177},
  {0xa70c3c40, 0xa64e6c51, 0x999090b6, 180},   {0xd0cf4b50, 0xcfe20765, 0xfff4b4e3, 183},
  {0x82818f12, 0x81ed449f, 0xbff8f10e, 187},   {0xa321f2d7, 0x226895c7, 0xaff72d52, 190},
  {0xcbea6f8c, 0xeb02bb39, 0x9bf4f8a6, 193},   {0xfee50b70, 0x25c36a08, 0x02f236d0, 196},
  {0x9f4f2726, 0x179a2245, 0x01d76242, 200},   {0xc722f0ef, 0x9d80aad6, 0x424d3ad2, 203},
  {0xf8ebad2b, 0x84e0d58b, 0xd2e08987, 206},   {0x9b934c3b, 0x330c8577, 0x63cc55f4, 210},
  {0xc2781f49, 0xffcfa6d5, 0x3cbf6b71, 213},   {0xf316271c, 0x7fc3908a, 0x8bef464e, 216},
  {0x97edd871, 0xcfda3a56, 0x97758bf0, 220},   {0xbde94e8e, 0x43d0c8ec, 0x3d52eeed, 223},
  {0xed63a231, 0xd4c4fb27, 0x4ca7aaa8, 226},   {0x945e455f, 0x24fb1cf8, 0x8fe8caa9, 230},
  {0xb975d6b6, 0xee39e436, 0xb3e2fd53, 233},   {0xe7d34c64, 0xa9c85d44, 0x60dbbca8, 236},
  {0x90e40fbe, 0xea1d3a4a, 0xbc8955e9, 240},   {0xb51d13ae, 0xa4a488dd, 0x6babab63, 243},
  {0xe264589a, 0x4dcdab14, 0xc696963c, 246},   {0x8d7eb760, 0x70a08aec, 0xfc1e1de5, 250},
  {0xb0de6538, 0x8cc8ada8, 0x3b25a55f, 253},   {0xdd15fe86, 0xaffad912, 0x49ef0eb7, 256},
  {0x8a2dbf14, 0x2dfcc7ab, 0x6e356932, 260},   {0xacb92ed9, 0x397bf996, 0x49c2c37f, 263},
  {0xd7e77a8f, 0x87daf7fb, 0xdc33745e, 266},   {0x86f0ac99, 0xb4e8dafd, 0x69a028bb, 270},
  {0xa8acd7c0, 0x222311bc, 0xc40832ea, 273},   {0xd2d80db0, 0x2aabd62b, 0xf50a3fa4, 276},
  {0x83c7088e, 0x1aab65db, 0x792667c6, 280},   {0xa4b8cab1, 0xa1563f52, 0x577001b8, 283},
  {0xcde6fd5e, 0x09abcf26, 0xed4c0226, 286},   {0x80b05e5a, 0xc60b6178, 0x544f8158, 290},
  {0xa0dc75f1, 0x778e39d6, 0x696361ae, 293},   {0xc913936d, 0xd571c84c, 0x03bc3a19, 296},
  {0xfb587849, 0x4ace3a5f, 0x04ab48a0, 299},   {0x9d174b2d, 0xcec0e47b, 0x62eb0d64, 303},
  {0xc45d1df9, 0x42711d9a, 0x3ba5d0bd, 306},   {0xf5746577, 0x930d6500, 0xca8f44ec, 309},
  {0x9968bf6a, 0xbbe85f20, 0x7e998b13, 313},   {0xbfc2ef45, 0x6ae276e8, 0x9e3fedd8, 316},
  {0xefb3ab16, 0xc59b14a2, 0xc5cfe94e, 319},   {0x95d04aee, 0x3b80ece5, 0xbba1f1d1, 323},
  {0xbb445da9, 0xca61281f, 0x2a8a6e45, 326},   {0xea157514, 0x3cf97226, 0xf52d09d7, 329},
  {0x924d692c, 0xa61be758, 0x593c2626, 333},   {0xb6e0c377, 0xcfa2e12e, 0x6f8b2fb0, 336},
  {0xe498f455, 0xc38b997a, 0x0b6dfb9c, 339},   {0x8edf98b5, 0x9a373fec, 0x4724bd41, 343},
  {0xb2977ee3, 0x00c50fe7, 0x58edec91, 346},   {0xdf3d5e9b, 0xc0f653e1, 0x2f2967b6, 349},
  {0x8b865b21, 0x5899f46c, 0xbd79e0d2, 353},   {0xae67f1e9, 0xaec07187, 0xecd85906, 356},
  {0xda01ee64, 0x1a708de9, 0xe80e6f48, 359},   {0x884134fe, 0x908658b2, 0x3109058d, 363},
  {0xaa51823e, 0x34a7eede, 0xbd4b46f0, 366},   {0xd4e5e2cd, 0xc1d1ea96, 0x6c9e18ac, 369},
  {0x850fadc0, 0x9923329e, 0x03e2cf6b, 373},   {0xa6539930, 0xbf6bff45, 0x84db8346, 376},
  {0xcfe87f7c, 0xef46ff16, 0xe6126418, 379},   {0x81f14fae, 0x158c5f6e, 0x4fcb7e8f, 383},
  {0xa26da399, 0x9aef7749, 0xe3be5e33, 386},   {0xcb090c80, 0x01ab551c, 0x5cadf5bf, 389},
  {0xfdcb4fa0, 0x02162a63, 0x73d9732f, 392},   {0x9e9f11c4, 0x014dda7e, 0x2867e7fd, 396},
  {0xc646d635, 0x01a1511d, 0xb281e1fd, 399},   {0xf7d88bc2, 0x4209a565, 0x1f225a7c, 402},
  {0x9ae75759, 0x6946075f, 0x3375788d, 406},   {0xc1a12d2f, 0xc3978937, 0x0052d6b1, 409},
  {0xf209787b, 0xb47d6b84, 0xc0678c5d, 412},   {0x9745eb4d, 0x50ce6332, 0xf840b7ba, 416},
  {0xbd176620, 0xa501fbff, 0xb650e5a9, 419},   {0xec5d3fa8, 0xce427aff, 0xa3e51f13, 422},
  {0x93ba47c9, 0x80e98cdf, 0xc66f336c, 426},   {0xb8a8d9bb, 0xe123f017, 0xb80b0047, 429},
  {0xe6d3102a, 0xd96cec1d, 0xa60dc059, 432},   {0x9043ea1a, 0xc7e41392, 0x87c89837, 436},
  {0xb454e4a1, 0x79dd1877, 0x29babe45, 439},   {0xe16a1dc9, 0xd8545e94, 0xf4296dd6, 442},
  {0x8ce2529e, 0x2734bb1d, 0x1899e4a6, 446},   {0xb01ae745, 0xb101e9e4, 0x5ec05dcf, 449},
  {0xdc21a117, 0x1d42645d, 0x76707543, 452},   {0x899504ae, 0x72497eba, 0x6a06494a, 456},
  {0xabfa45da, 0x0edbde69, 0x0487db9d, 459},   {0xd6f8d750, 0x9292d603, 0x45a9d284, 462},
  {0x865b8692, 0x5b9bc5c2, 0x0b8a2392, 466},   {0xa7f26836, 0xf282b732, 0x8e6cac77, 469},
  {0xd1ef0244, 0xaf2364ff, 0x3207d795, 472},   {0x8335616a, 0xed761f1f, 0x7f44e6bd, 476},
  {0xa402b9c5, 0xa8d3a6e7, 0x5f16206c, 479},   {0xcd036837, 0x130890a1, 0x36dba887, 482},
  {0x80222122, 0x6be55a64, 0xc2494954, 486},   {0xa02aa96b, 0x06deb0fd, 0xf2db9baa, 489},
  {0xc83553c5, 0xc8965d3d, 0x6f928294, 492},   {0xfa42a8b7, 0x3abbf48c, 0xcb772339, 495},
  {0x9c69a972, 0x84b578d7, 0xff2a7604, 499},   {0xc38413cf, 0x25e2d70d, 0xfef51385, 502},
  {0xf46518c2, 0xef5b8cd1, 0x7eb25866, 505},   {0x98bf2f79, 0xd5993802, 0xef2f773f, 509},
  {0xbeeefb58, 0x4aff8603, 0xaafb550f, 512},   {0xeeaaba2e, 0x5dbf6784, 0x95ba2a53, 515},
  {0x952ab45c, 0xfa97a0b2, 0xdd945a74, 519},   {0xba756174, 0x393d88df, 0x94f97111, 522},
  {0xe912b9d1, 0x478ceb17, 0x7a37cd56, 525},   {0x91abb422, 0xccb812ee, 0xac62e055, 529},
  {0xb616a12b, 0x7fe617aa, 0x577b986b, 532},   {0xe39c4976, 0x5fdf9d94, 0xed5a7e85, 535},
  {0x8e41ade9, 0xfbebc27d, 0x14588f13, 539},   {0xb1d21964, 0x7ae6b31c, 0x596eb2d8, 542},
  {0xde469fbd, 0x99a05fe3, 0x6fca5f8e, 545},   {0x8aec23d6, 0x80043bee, 0x25de7bb9, 549},
  {0xada72ccc, 0x20054ae9, 0xaf561aa7, 552},   {0xd910f7ff, 0x28069da4, 0x1b2ba151, 555},
  {0x87aa9aff, 0x79042286, 0x90fb44d2, 559},   {0xa99541bf, 0x57452b28, 0x353a1607, 562},
  {0xd3fa922f, 0x2d1675f2, 0x42889b89, 565},   {0x847c9b5d, 0x7c2e09b7, 0x69956135, 569},
  {0xa59bc234, 0xdb398c25, 0x43fab983, 572},   {0xcf02b2c2, 0x1207ef2e, 0x94f967e4, 575},
  {0x8161afb9, 0x4b44f57d, 0x1d1be0ee, 579},   {0xa1ba1ba7, 0x9e1632dc, 0x6462d92a, 582},
  {0xca28a291, 0x859bbf93, 0x7d7b8f75, 585},   {0xfcb2cb35, 0xe702af78, 0x5cda7352, 588},
  {0x9defbf01, 0xb061adab, 0x3a088813, 592},   {0xc56baec2, 0x1c7a1916, 0x088aaa18, 595},
  {0xf6c69a72, 0xa3989f5b, 0x8aad549e, 598},   {0x9a3c2087, 0xa63f6399, 0x36ac54e2, 602},
  {0xc0cb28a9, 0x8fcf3c7f, 0x84576a1b, 605},   {0xf0fdf2d3, 0xf3c30b9f, 0x656d44a2, 608},
  {0x969eb7c4, 0x7859e743, 0x9f644ae5, 612},   {0xbc4665b5, 0x96706114, 0x873d5d9f, 615},
  {0xeb57ff22, 0xfc0c7959, 0xa90cb506, 618},   {0x9316ff75, 0xdd87cbd8, 0x09a7f124, 622},
  {0xb7dcbf53, 0x54e9bece, 0x0c11ed6d, 625},   {0xe5d3ef28, 0x2a242e81, 0x8f1668c8, 628},
  {0x8fa47579, 0x1a569d10, 0xf96e017d, 632},   {0xb38d92d7, 0x60ec4455, 0x37c981dc, 635},
  {0xe070f78d, 0x3927556a, 0x85bbe253, 638},   {0x8c469ab8, 0x43b89562, 0x93956d74, 642},
  {0xaf584166, 0x54a6babb, 0x387ac8d1, 645},   {0xdb2e51bf, 0xe9d0696a, 0x06997b05, 648},
  {0x88fcf317, 0xf22241e2, 0x441fece3, 652},   {0xab3c2fdd, 0xeeaad25a, 0xd527e81c, 655},
  {0xd60b3bd5, 0x6a5586f1, 0x8a71e223, 658},   {0x85c70565, 0x62757456, 0xf6872d56, 662},
  {0xa738c6be, 0xbb12d16c, 0xb428f8ac, 665},   {0xd106f86e, 0x69d785c7, 0xe13336d7, 668},
  {0x82a45b45, 0x0226b39c, 0xecc00246, 672},   {0xa34d7216, 0x42b06084, 0x27f002d7, 675},
  {0xcc20ce9b, 0xd35c78a5, 0x31ec038d, 678},   {0xff290242, 0xc83396ce, 0x7e670471, 681},
  {0x9f79a169, 0xbd203e41, 0x0f0062c6, 685},   {0xc75809c4, 0x2c684dd1, 0x52c07b78, 688},
  {0xf92e0c35, 0x37826145, 0xa7709a56, 691},   {0x9bbcc7a1, 0x42b17ccb, 0x88a66076, 695},
  {0xc2abf989, 0x935ddbfe, 0x6acff893, 698},   {0xf356f7eb, 0xf83552fe, 0x0583f6b8, 701},
  {0x98165af3, 0x7b2153de, 0xc3727a33, 705},   {0xbe1bf1b0, 0x59e9a8d6, 0x744f18c0, 708},
  {0xeda2ee1c, 0x7064130c, 0x1162def0, 711},   {0x9485d4d1, 0xc63e8be7, 0x8addcb56, 715},
  {0xb9a74a06, 0x37ce2ee1, 0x6d953e2b, 718},   {0xe8111c87, 0xc5c1ba99, 0xc8fa8db6, 721},
  {0x910ab1d4, 0xdb9914a0, 0x1d9c9892, 725},   {0xb54d5e4a, 0x127f59c8, 0x2503beb6, 728},
  {0xe2a0b5dc, 0x971f303a, 0x2e44ae64, 731},   {0x8da471a9, 0xde737e24, 0x5ceaecfe, 735},
  {0xb10d8e14, 0x56105dad, 0x7425a83e, 738},   {0xdd50f199, 0x6b947518, 0xd12f124e, 741},
  {0x8a5296ff, 0xe33cc92f, 0x82bd6b70, 745},   {0xace73cbf, 0xdc0bfb7b, 0x636cc64d, 748},
  {0xd8210bef, 0xd30efa5a, 0x3c47f7e0, 751},   {0x8714a775, 0xe3e95c78, 0x65acfaec, 755},
  {0xa8d9d153, 0x5ce3b396, 0x7f1839a7, 758},   {0xd31045a8, 0x341ca07c, 0x1ede4811, 761},
  {0x83ea2b89, 0x2091e44d, 0x934aed0a, 765},   {0xa4e4b66b, 0x68b65d60, 0xf81da84d, 768},
  {0xce1de406, 0x42e3f4b9, 0x36251260, 771},   {0x80d2ae83, 0xe9ce78f3, 0xc1d72b7c, 775},
  {0xa1075a24, 0xe4421730, 0xb24cf65b, 778},   {0xc94930ae, 0x1d529cfc, 0xdee033f2, 781},
  {0xfb9b7cd9, 0xa4a7443c, 0x169840ef, 784},   {0x9d412e08, 0x06e88aa5, 0x8e1f2895, 788},
  {0xc491798a, 0x08a2ad4e, 0xf1a6f2ba, 791},   {0xf5b5d7ec, 0x8acb58a2, 0xae10af69, 794},
  {0x9991a6f3, 0xd6bf1765, 0xacca6da1, 798},   {0xbff610b0, 0xcc6edd3f, 0x17fd090a, 801},
  {0xeff394dc, 0xff8a948e, 0xddfc4b4c, 804},   {0x95f83d0a, 0x1fb69cd9, 0x4abdaf10, 808},
  {0xbb764c4c, 0xa7a4440f, 0x9d6d1ad4, 811},   {0xea53df5f, 0xd18d5513, 0x84c86189, 814},
  {0x92746b9b, 0xe2f8552c, 0x32fd3cf5, 818},   {0xb7118682, 0xdbb66a77, 0x3fbc8c33, 821},
  {0xe4d5e823, 0x92a40515, 0x0fabaf3f, 824},   {0x8f05b116, 0x3ba6832d, 0x29cb4d87, 828},
  {0xb2c71d5b, 0xca9023f8, 0x743e20e9, 831},   {0xdf78e4b2, 0xbd342cf6, 0x914da924, 834},
  {0x8bab8eef, 0xb6409c1a, 0x1ad089b6, 838},   {0xae9672ab, 0xa3d0c320, 0xa184ac24, 841},
  {0xda3c0f56, 0x8cc4f3e8, 0xc9e5d72d, 844},   {0x88658996, 0x17fb1871, 0x7e2fa67c, 848},
  {0xaa7eebfb, 0x9df9de8d, 0xddbb901b, 851},   {0xd51ea6fa, 0x85785631, 0x552a7422, 854},
  {0x8533285c, 0x936b35de, 0xd53a8895, 858},   {0xa67ff273, 0xb8460356, 0x8a892aba, 861},
  {0xd01fef10, 0xa657842c, 0x2d2b7569, 864},   {0x8213f56a, 0x67f6b29b, 0x9c3b2962, 868},
  {0xa298f2c5, 0x01f45f42, 0x8349f3ba, 871},   {0xcb3f2f76, 0x42717713, 0x241c70a9, 874},
  {0xfe0efb53, 0xd30dd4d7, 0xed238cd3, 877},   {0x9ec95d14, 0x63e8a506, 0xf4363804, 881},
  {0xc67bb459, 0x7ce2ce48, 0xb143c605, 884},   {0xf81aa16f, 0xdc1b81da, 0xdd94b786, 887},
  {0x9b10a4e5, 0xe9913128, 0xca7cf2b4, 891},   {0xc1d4ce1f, 0x63f57d72, 0xfd1c2f61, 894},
  {0xf24a01a7, 0x3cf2dccf, 0xbc633b39, 897},   {0x976e4108, 0x8617ca01, 0xd5be0503, 901},
  {0xbd49d14a, 0xa79dbc82, 0x4b2d8644, 904},   {0xec9c459d, 0x51852ba2, 0xddf8e7d6, 907},
  {0x93e1ab82, 0x52f33b45, 0xcabb90e5, 911},   {0xb8da1662, 0xe7b00a17, 0x3d6a751f, 914},
  {0xe7109bfb, 0xa19c0c9d, 0x0cc51267, 917},   {0x906a617d, 0x450187e2, 0x27fb2b80, 921},
  {0xb484f9dc, 0x9641e9da, 0xb1f9f660, 924},   {0xe1a63853, 0xbbd26451, 0x5e7873f8, 927},
  {0x8d07e334, 0x55637eb2, 0xdb0b487b, 931},   {0xb049dc01, 0x6abc5e5f, 0x91ce1a9a, 934},
  {0xdc5c5301, 0xc56b75f7, 0x7641a140, 937},   {0x89b9b3e1, 0x1b6329ba, 0xa9e904c8, 941},
  {0xac2820d9, 0x623bf429, 0x546345fa, 944},   {0xd732290f, 0xbacaf133, 0xa97c1779, 947},
  {0x867f59a9, 0xd4bed6c0, 0x49ed8eab, 951},   {0xa81f3014, 0x49ee8c70, 0x5c68f256, 954},
  {0xd226fc19, 0x5c6a2f8c, 0x73832eec, 957},   {0x83585d8f, 0xd9c25db7, 0xc831fd53, 961},
  {0xa42e74f3, 0xd032f525, 0xba3e7ca8, 964},   {0xcd3a1230, 0xc43fb26f, 0x28ce1bd2, 967},
  {0x80444b5e, 0x7aa7cf85, 0x7980d163, 971},   {0xa0555e36, 0x1951c366, 0xd7e105bc, 974},
  {0xc86ab5c3, 0x9fa63440, 0x8dd9472b, 977},   {0xfa856334, 0x878fc150, 0xb14f98f6, 980},
  {0x9c935e00, 0xd4b9d8d2, 0x6ed1bf9a, 984},   {0xc3b83581, 0x09e84f07, 0x0a862f80, 987},
  {0xf4a642e1, 0x4c6262c8, 0xcd27bb61, 990},   {0x98e7e9cc, 0xcfbd7dbd, 0x8038d51c, 994},
  {0xbf21e440, 0x03acdd2c, 0xe0470a63, 997},   {0xeeea5d50, 0x04981478, 0x1858ccfc, 1000},
  {0x95527a52, 0x02df0ccb, 0x0f37801e, 1004},  {0xbaa718e6, 0x8396cffd, 0xd3056025, 1007},
  {0xe950df20, 0x247c83fd, 0x47c6b82e, 1010},  {0x91d28b74, 0x16cdd27e, 0x4cdc331d, 1014},
  {0xb6472e51, 0x1c81471d, 0xe0133fe4, 1017},  {0xe3d8f9e5, 0x63a198e5, 0x58180fdd, 1020},
  {0x8e679c2f, 0x5e44ff8f, 0x570f09ea, 1024},  {0xb201833b, 0x35d63f73, 0x2cd2cc65, 1027},
  {0xde81e40a, 0x034bcf4f, 0xf8077f7e, 1030},  {0x8b112e86, 0x420f6191, 0xfb04afaf, 1034},
  {0xadd57a27, 0xd29339f6, 0x79c5db9a, 1037},  {0xd94ad8b1, 0xc7380874, 0x18375281, 1040},
  {0x87cec76f, 0x1c830548, 0x8f229391, 1044},  {0xa9c2794a, 0xe3a3c69a, 0xb2eb3875, 1047},
  {0xd433179d, 0x9c8cb841, 0x5fa60692, 1050},  {0x849feec2, 0x81d7f328, 0xdbc7c41b, 1054},
  {0xa5c7ea73, 0x224deff3, 0x12b9b522, 1057},  {0xcf39e50f, 0xeae16bef, 0xd768226b, 1060},
  {0x81842f29, 0xf2cce375, 0xe6a11583, 1064},  {0xa1e53af4, 0x6f801c53, 0x60495ae3, 1067},
  {0xca5e89b1, 0x8b602368, 0x385bb19c, 1070},  {0xfcf62c1d, 0xee382c42, 0x46729e03, 1073},
  {0x9e19db92, 0xb4e31ba9, 0x6c07a2c2, 1077}};

static ULLong pfive[27] = {5ll,
                           25ll,
                           125ll,
                           625ll,
                           3125ll,
                           15625ll,
                           78125ll,
                           390625ll,
                           1953125ll,
                           9765625ll,
                           48828125ll,
                           244140625ll,
                           1220703125ll,
                           6103515625ll,
                           30517578125ll,
                           152587890625ll,
                           762939453125ll,
                           3814697265625ll,
                           19073486328125ll,
                           95367431640625ll,
                           476837158203125ll,
                           2384185791015625ll,
                           11920928955078125ll,
                           59604644775390625ll,
                           298023223876953125ll,
                           1490116119384765625ll,
                           7450580596923828125ll};

    #ifndef DISABLE_DTOA
static short int Lhint[2098] = {
  /*18,*/ 19, 19,  19,  19,  20,  20,  20,  21,  21,  21,  22,  22,  22,  23,  23,  23,
  23,         24,  24,  24,  25,  25,  25,  26,  26,  26,  26,  27,  27,  27,  28,  28,
  28,         29,  29,  29,  29,  30,  30,  30,  31,  31,  31,  32,  32,  32,  32,  33,
  33,         33,  34,  34,  34,  35,  35,  35,  35,  36,  36,  36,  37,  37,  37,  38,
  38,         38,  38,  39,  39,  39,  40,  40,  40,  41,  41,  41,  41,  42,  42,  42,
  43,         43,  43,  44,  44,  44,  44,  45,  45,  45,  46,  46,  46,  47,  47,  47,
  47,         48,  48,  48,  49,  49,  49,  50,  50,  50,  51,  51,  51,  51,  52,  52,
  52,         53,  53,  53,  54,  54,  54,  54,  55,  55,  55,  56,  56,  56,  57,  57,
  57,         57,  58,  58,  58,  59,  59,  59,  60,  60,  60,  60,  61,  61,  61,  62,
  62,         62,  63,  63,  63,  63,  64,  64,  64,  65,  65,  65,  66,  66,  66,  66,
  67,         67,  67,  68,  68,  68,  69,  69,  69,  69,  70,  70,  70,  71,  71,  71,
  72,         72,  72,  72,  73,  73,  73,  74,  74,  74,  75,  75,  75,  75,  76,  76,
  76,         77,  77,  77,  78,  78,  78,  78,  79,  79,  79,  80,  80,  80,  81,  81,
  81,         82,  82,  82,  82,  83,  83,  83,  84,  84,  84,  85,  85,  85,  85,  86,
  86,         86,  87,  87,  87,  88,  88,  88,  88,  89,  89,  89,  90,  90,  90,  91,
  91,         91,  91,  92,  92,  92,  93,  93,  93,  94,  94,  94,  94,  95,  95,  95,
  96,         96,  96,  97,  97,  97,  97,  98,  98,  98,  99,  99,  99,  100, 100, 100,
  100,        101, 101, 101, 102, 102, 102, 103, 103, 103, 103, 104, 104, 104, 105, 105,
  105,        106, 106, 106, 106, 107, 107, 107, 108, 108, 108, 109, 109, 109, 110, 110,
  110,        110, 111, 111, 111, 112, 112, 112, 113, 113, 113, 113, 114, 114, 114, 115,
  115,        115, 116, 116, 116, 116, 117, 117, 117, 118, 118, 118, 119, 119, 119, 119,
  120,        120, 120, 121, 121, 121, 122, 122, 122, 122, 123, 123, 123, 124, 124, 124,
  125,        125, 125, 125, 126, 126, 126, 127, 127, 127, 128, 128, 128, 128, 129, 129,
  129,        130, 130, 130, 131, 131, 131, 131, 132, 132, 132, 133, 133, 133, 134, 134,
  134,        134, 135, 135, 135, 136, 136, 136, 137, 137, 137, 137, 138, 138, 138, 139,
  139,        139, 140, 140, 140, 141, 141, 141, 141, 142, 142, 142, 143, 143, 143, 144,
  144,        144, 144, 145, 145, 145, 146, 146, 146, 147, 147, 147, 147, 148, 148, 148,
  149,        149, 149, 150, 150, 150, 150, 151, 151, 151, 152, 152, 152, 153, 153, 153,
  153,        154, 154, 154, 155, 155, 155, 156, 156, 156, 156, 157, 157, 157, 158, 158,
  158,        159, 159, 159, 159, 160, 160, 160, 161, 161, 161, 162, 162, 162, 162, 163,
  163,        163, 164, 164, 164, 165, 165, 165, 165, 166, 166, 166, 167, 167, 167, 168,
  168,        168, 169, 169, 169, 169, 170, 170, 170, 171, 171, 171, 172, 172, 172, 172,
  173,        173, 173, 174, 174, 174, 175, 175, 175, 175, 176, 176, 176, 177, 177, 177,
  178,        178, 178, 178, 179, 179, 179, 180, 180, 180, 181, 181, 181, 181, 182, 182,
  182,        183, 183, 183, 184, 184, 184, 184, 185, 185, 185, 186, 186, 186, 187, 187,
  187,        187, 188, 188, 188, 189, 189, 189, 190, 190, 190, 190, 191, 191, 191, 192,
  192,        192, 193, 193, 193, 193, 194, 194, 194, 195, 195, 195, 196, 196, 196, 197,
  197,        197, 197, 198, 198, 198, 199, 199, 199, 200, 200, 200, 200, 201, 201, 201,
  202,        202, 202, 203, 203, 203, 203, 204, 204, 204, 205, 205, 205, 206, 206, 206,
  206,        207, 207, 207, 208, 208, 208, 209, 209, 209, 209, 210, 210, 210, 211, 211,
  211,        212, 212, 212, 212, 213, 213, 213, 214, 214, 214, 215, 215, 215, 215, 216,
  216,        216, 217, 217, 217, 218, 218, 218, 218, 219, 219, 219, 220, 220, 220, 221,
  221,        221, 221, 222, 222, 222, 223, 223, 223, 224, 224, 224, 224, 225, 225, 225,
  226,        226, 226, 227, 227, 227, 228, 228, 228, 228, 229, 229, 229, 230, 230, 230,
  231,        231, 231, 231, 232, 232, 232, 233, 233, 233, 234, 234, 234, 234, 235, 235,
  235,        236, 236, 236, 237, 237, 237, 237, 238, 238, 238, 239, 239, 239, 240, 240,
  240,        240, 241, 241, 241, 242, 242, 242, 243, 243, 243, 243, 244, 244, 244, 245,
  245,        245, 246, 246, 246, 246, 247, 247, 247, 248, 248, 248, 249, 249, 249, 249,
  250,        250, 250, 251, 251, 251, 252, 252, 252, 252, 253, 253, 253, 254, 254, 254,
  255,        255, 255, 256, 256, 256, 256, 257, 257, 257, 258, 258, 258, 259, 259, 259,
  259,        260, 260, 260, 261, 261, 261, 262, 262, 262, 262, 263, 263, 263, 264, 264,
  264,        265, 265, 265, 265, 266, 266, 266, 267, 267, 267, 268, 268, 268, 268, 269,
  269,        269, 270, 270, 270, 271, 271, 271, 271, 272, 272, 272, 273, 273, 273, 274,
  274,        274, 274, 275, 275, 275, 276, 276, 276, 277, 277, 277, 277, 278, 278, 278,
  279,        279, 279, 280, 280, 280, 280, 281, 281, 281, 282, 282, 282, 283, 283, 283,
  283,        284, 284, 284, 285, 285, 285, 286, 286, 286, 287, 287, 287, 287, 288, 288,
  288,        289, 289, 289, 290, 290, 290, 290, 291, 291, 291, 292, 292, 292, 293, 293,
  293,        293, 294, 294, 294, 295, 295, 295, 296, 296, 296, 296, 297, 297, 297, 298,
  298,        298, 299, 299, 299, 299, 300, 300, 300, 301, 301, 301, 302, 302, 302, 302,
  303,        303, 303, 304, 304, 304, 305, 305, 305, 305, 306, 306, 306, 307, 307, 307,
  308,        308, 308, 308, 309, 309, 309, 310, 310, 310, 311, 311, 311, 311, 312, 312,
  312,        313, 313, 313, 314, 314, 314, 315, 315, 315, 315, 316, 316, 316, 317, 317,
  317,        318, 318, 318, 318, 319, 319, 319, 320, 320, 320, 321, 321, 321, 321, 322,
  322,        322, 323, 323, 323, 324, 324, 324, 324, 325, 325, 325, 326, 326, 326, 327,
  327,        327, 327, 328, 328, 328, 329, 329, 329, 330, 330, 330, 330, 331, 331, 331,
  332,        332, 332, 333, 333, 333, 333, 334, 334, 334, 335, 335, 335, 336, 336, 336,
  336,        337, 337, 337, 338, 338, 338, 339, 339, 339, 339, 340, 340, 340, 341, 341,
  341,        342, 342, 342, 342, 343, 343, 343, 344, 344, 344, 345, 345, 345, 346, 346,
  346,        346, 347, 347, 347, 348, 348, 348, 349, 349, 349, 349, 350, 350, 350, 351,
  351,        351, 352, 352, 352, 352, 353, 353, 353, 354, 354, 354, 355, 355, 355, 355,
  356,        356, 356, 357, 357, 357, 358, 358, 358, 358, 359, 359, 359, 360, 360, 360,
  361,        361, 361, 361, 362, 362, 362, 363, 363, 363, 364, 364, 364, 364, 365, 365,
  365,        366, 366, 366, 367, 367, 367, 367, 368, 368, 368, 369, 369, 369, 370, 370,
  370,        370, 371, 371, 371, 372, 372, 372, 373, 373, 373, 374, 374, 374, 374, 375,
  375,        375, 376, 376, 376, 377, 377, 377, 377, 378, 378, 378, 379, 379, 379, 380,
  380,        380, 380, 381, 381, 381, 382, 382, 382, 383, 383, 383, 383, 384, 384, 384,
  385,        385, 385, 386, 386, 386, 386, 387, 387, 387, 388, 388, 388, 389, 389, 389,
  389,        390, 390, 390, 391, 391, 391, 392, 392, 392, 392, 393, 393, 393, 394, 394,
  394,        395, 395, 395, 395, 396, 396, 396, 397, 397, 397, 398, 398, 398, 398, 399,
  399,        399, 400, 400, 400, 401, 401, 401, 402, 402, 402, 402, 403, 403, 403, 404,
  404,        404, 405, 405, 405, 405, 406, 406, 406, 407, 407, 407, 408, 408, 408, 408,
  409,        409, 409, 410, 410, 410, 411, 411, 411, 411, 412, 412, 412, 413, 413, 413,
  414,        414, 414, 414, 415, 415, 415, 416, 416, 416, 417, 417, 417, 417, 418, 418,
  418,        419, 419, 419, 420, 420, 420, 420, 421, 421, 421, 422, 422, 422, 423, 423,
  423,        423, 424, 424, 424, 425, 425, 425, 426, 426, 426, 426, 427, 427, 427, 428,
  428,        428, 429, 429, 429, 429, 430, 430, 430, 431, 431, 431, 432, 432, 432, 433,
  433,        433, 433, 434, 434, 434, 435, 435, 435, 436, 436, 436, 436, 437, 437, 437,
  438,        438, 438, 439, 439, 439, 439, 440, 440, 440, 441, 441, 441, 442, 442, 442,
  442,        443, 443, 443, 444, 444, 444, 445, 445, 445, 445, 446, 446, 446, 447, 447,
  447,        448, 448, 448, 448, 449, 449, 449, 450, 450, 450, 451, 451, 451, 451, 452,
  452,        452, 453, 453, 453, 454, 454, 454, 454, 455, 455, 455, 456, 456, 456, 457,
  457,        457, 457, 458, 458, 458, 459, 459, 459, 460, 460, 460, 461, 461, 461, 461,
  462,        462, 462, 463, 463, 463, 464, 464, 464, 464, 465, 465, 465, 466, 466, 466,
  467,        467, 467, 467, 468, 468, 468, 469, 469, 469, 470, 470, 470, 470, 471, 471,
  471,        472, 472, 472, 473, 473, 473, 473, 474, 474, 474, 475, 475, 475, 476, 476,
  476,        476, 477, 477, 477, 478, 478, 478, 479, 479, 479, 479, 480, 480, 480, 481,
  481,        481, 482, 482, 482, 482, 483, 483, 483, 484, 484, 484, 485, 485, 485, 485,
  486,        486, 486, 487, 487, 487, 488, 488, 488, 488, 489, 489, 489, 490, 490, 490,
  491,        491, 491, 492, 492, 492, 492, 493, 493, 493, 494, 494, 494, 495, 495, 495,
  495,        496, 496, 496, 497, 497, 497, 498, 498, 498, 498, 499, 499, 499, 500, 500,
  500,        501, 501, 501, 501, 502, 502, 502, 503, 503, 503, 504, 504, 504, 504, 505,
  505,        505, 506, 506, 506, 507, 507, 507, 507, 508, 508, 508, 509, 509, 509, 510,
  510,        510, 510, 511, 511, 511, 512, 512, 512, 513, 513, 513, 513, 514, 514, 514,
  515,        515, 515, 516, 516, 516, 516, 517, 517, 517, 518, 518, 518, 519, 519, 519,
  520,        520, 520, 520, 521, 521, 521, 522, 522, 522, 523, 523, 523, 523, 524, 524,
  524,        525, 525, 525, 526, 526, 526, 526, 527, 527, 527, 528, 528, 528, 529, 529,
  529,        529, 530, 530, 530, 531, 531, 531, 532, 532, 532, 532, 533, 533, 533, 534,
  534,        534, 535, 535, 535, 535, 536, 536, 536, 537, 537, 537, 538, 538, 538, 538,
  539,        539, 539, 540, 540, 540, 541, 541, 541, 541, 542, 542, 542, 543, 543, 543,
  544,        544, 544, 544, 545, 545, 545, 546, 546, 546, 547, 547, 547, 548, 548, 548,
  548,        549, 549, 549, 550, 550, 550, 551, 551, 551, 551, 552, 552, 552, 553, 553,
  553,        554, 554, 554, 554, 555, 555, 555, 556, 556, 556, 557, 557, 557, 557, 558,
  558,        558, 559, 559, 559, 560, 560, 560, 560, 561, 561, 561, 562, 562, 562, 563,
  563,        563, 563, 564, 564, 564, 565, 565, 565, 566, 566, 566, 566, 567, 567, 567,
  568,        568, 568, 569, 569, 569, 569, 570, 570, 570, 571, 571, 571, 572, 572, 572,
  572,        573, 573, 573, 574, 574, 574, 575, 575, 575, 575, 576, 576, 576, 577, 577,
  577,        578, 578, 578, 579, 579, 579, 579, 580, 580, 580, 581, 581, 581, 582, 582,
  582,        582, 583, 583, 583, 584, 584, 584, 585, 585, 585, 585, 586, 586, 586, 587,
  587,        587, 588, 588, 588, 588, 589, 589, 589, 590, 590, 590, 591, 591, 591, 591,
  592,        592, 592, 593, 593, 593, 594, 594, 594, 594, 595, 595, 595, 596, 596, 596,
  597,        597, 597, 597, 598, 598, 598, 599, 599, 599, 600, 600, 600, 600, 601, 601,
  601,        602, 602, 602, 603, 603, 603, 603, 604, 604, 604, 605, 605, 605, 606, 606,
  606,        607, 607, 607, 607, 608, 608, 608, 609, 609, 609, 610, 610, 610, 610, 611,
  611,        611, 612, 612, 612, 613, 613, 613, 613, 614, 614, 614, 615, 615, 615, 616,
  616,        616, 616, 617, 617, 617, 618, 618, 618, 619, 619, 619, 619, 620, 620, 620,
  621,        621, 621, 622, 622, 622, 622, 623, 623, 623, 624, 624, 624, 625, 625, 625,
  625,        626, 626, 626, 627, 627, 627, 628, 628, 628, 628, 629, 629, 629, 630, 630,
  630,        631, 631, 631, 631, 632, 632, 632, 633, 633, 633, 634, 634, 634, 634, 635,
  635,        635, 636, 636, 636, 637, 637, 637, 638, 638, 638, 638, 639, 639, 639, 640,
  640,        640, 641, 641, 641, 641, 642, 642, 642, 643, 643, 643, 644, 644, 644, 644,
  645,        645, 645, 646, 646, 646, 647, 647, 647, 647, 648, 648, 648, 649, 649, 649,
  650,        650};

static int pfivebits[25] = {3,  5,  7,  10, 12, 14, 17, 19, 21, 24, 26, 28, 31,
                            33, 35, 38, 40, 42, 45, 47, 49, 52, 54, 56, 59};
    #endif

  #endif /*}*/
#endif   /*}} NO_LONG_LONG */

                                              typedef union {
  double d;
  ULong  L[2];
#ifdef USE_BF96
  ULLong LL;
#endif
} U;

#ifdef IEEE_8087
  #define word0(x) (x)->L[1]
  #define word1(x) (x)->L[0]
#else
  #define word0(x) (x)->L[0]
  #define word1(x) (x)->L[1]
#endif
#define dval(x) (x)->d
#define LLval(x) (x)->LL

#ifndef STRTOD_DIGLIM
  #define STRTOD_DIGLIM 40
#endif

#ifdef DIGLIM_DEBUG
extern int strtod_diglim;
#else
  #define strtod_diglim STRTOD_DIGLIM
#endif

/* The following definition of Storeinc is appropriate for MIPS processors.
 * An alternative that might be better on some machines is
 * #define Storeinc(a,b,c) (*a++ = b << 16 | c & 0xffff)
 */
#if defined(IEEE_8087) + defined(VAX)
  #define Storeinc(a, b, c)                                                                        \
    (((unsigned short*)a)[1] = (unsigned short)b, ((unsigned short*)a)[0] = (unsigned short)c, a++)
#else
  #define Storeinc(a, b, c)                                                                        \
    (((unsigned short*)a)[0] = (unsigned short)b, ((unsigned short*)a)[1] = (unsigned short)c, a++)
#endif

/* #define P DBL_MANT_DIG */
/* Ten_pmax = floor(P*log(2)/log(5)) */
/* Bletch = (highest power of 2 < DBL_MAX_10_EXP) / 16 */
/* Quick_max = floor((P-1)*log(FLT_RADIX)/log(10) - 1) */
/* Int_max = floor(P*log(FLT_RADIX)/log(10) - 1) */

#ifdef IEEE_Arith
  #define Exp_shift 20
  #define Exp_shift1 20
  #define Exp_msk1 0x100000
  #define Exp_msk11 0x100000
  #define Exp_mask 0x7ff00000
  #define P 53
  #define Nbits 53
  #define Bias 1023
  #define Emax 1023
  #define Emin (-1022)
  #define Exp_1 0x3ff00000
  #define Exp_11 0x3ff00000
  #define Ebits 11
  #define Frac_mask 0xfffff
  #define Frac_mask1 0xfffff
  #define Ten_pmax 22
  #define Bletch 0x10
  #define Bndry_mask 0xfffff
  #define Bndry_mask1 0xfffff
  #define LSB 1
  #define Sign_bit 0x80000000
  #define Log2P 1
  #define Tiny0 0
  #define Tiny1 1
  #define Quick_max 14
  #define Int_max 14
  #ifndef NO_IEEE_Scale
    #define Avoid_Underflow
    #ifdef Flush_Denorm /* debugging option */
      #undef Sudden_Underflow
    #endif
  #endif

  #ifndef Flt_Rounds
    #ifdef FLT_ROUNDS
      #define Flt_Rounds FLT_ROUNDS
    #else
      #define Flt_Rounds 1
    #endif
  #endif /*Flt_Rounds*/

  #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
    #undef Check_FLT_ROUNDS
    #define Check_FLT_ROUNDS
  #else
    #define Rounding Flt_Rounds
  #endif

#else /* ifndef IEEE_Arith */
  #undef Check_FLT_ROUNDS
  #undef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
  #undef SET_INEXACT
  #undef Sudden_Underflow
  #define Sudden_Underflow
  #ifdef IBM
    #undef Flt_Rounds
    #define Flt_Rounds 0
    #define Exp_shift 24
    #define Exp_shift1 24
    #define Exp_msk1 0x1000000
    #define Exp_msk11 0x1000000
    #define Exp_mask 0x7f000000
    #define P 14
    #define Nbits 56
    #define Bias 65
    #define Emax 248
    #define Emin (-260)
    #define Exp_1 0x41000000
    #define Exp_11 0x41000000
    #define Ebits 8 /* exponent has 7 bits, but 8 is the right value in b2d */
    #define Frac_mask 0xffffff
    #define Frac_mask1 0xffffff
    #define Bletch 4
    #define Ten_pmax 22
    #define Bndry_mask 0xefffff
    #define Bndry_mask1 0xffffff
    #define LSB 1
    #define Sign_bit 0x80000000
    #define Log2P 4
    #define Tiny0 0x100000
    #define Tiny1 0
    #define Quick_max 14
    #define Int_max 15
  #else /* VAX */
    #undef Flt_Rounds
    #define Flt_Rounds 1
    #define Exp_shift 23
    #define Exp_shift1 7
    #define Exp_msk1 0x80
    #define Exp_msk11 0x800000
    #define Exp_mask 0x7f80
    #define P 56
    #define Nbits 56
    #define Bias 129
    #define Emax 126
    #define Emin (-129)
    #define Exp_1 0x40800000
    #define Exp_11 0x4080
    #define Ebits 8
    #define Frac_mask 0x7fffff
    #define Frac_mask1 0xffff007f
    #define Ten_pmax 24
    #define Bletch 2
    #define Bndry_mask 0xffff007f
    #define Bndry_mask1 0xffff007f
    #define LSB 0x10000
    #define Sign_bit 0x8000
    #define Log2P 1
    #define Tiny0 0x80
    #define Tiny1 0
    #define Quick_max 15
    #define Int_max 15
  #endif /* IBM, VAX */
#endif   /* IEEE_Arith */

#ifndef IEEE_Arith
  #define ROUND_BIASED
#else
  #ifdef ROUND_BIASED_without_Round_Up
    #undef ROUND_BIASED
    #define ROUND_BIASED
  #endif
#endif

#ifdef RND_PRODQUOT
  #define rounded_product(a, b) a = rnd_prod(a, b)
  #define rounded_quotient(a, b) a = rnd_quot(a, b)
extern double rnd_prod(double, double), rnd_quot(double, double);
#else
  #define rounded_product(a, b) a *= b
  #define rounded_quotient(a, b) a /= b
#endif

#define Big0 (Frac_mask1 | Exp_msk1 * (DBL_MAX_EXP + Bias - 1))
#define Big1 0xffffffff

#ifndef Pack_32
  #define Pack_32
#endif

typedef struct BCinfo BCinfo;

struct BCinfo
{
  int dp0, dp1, dplen, dsign, e0, inexact, nd, nd0, rounding, scale, uflchk;
};

#define FFFFFFFF 0xffffffffUL

#ifdef MULTIPLE_THREADS
  #define MTa , PTI
  #define MTb , &TI
  #define MTd , ThInfo** PTI
static unsigned int maxthreads = 0;
#else
  #define MTa /*nothing*/
  #define MTb /*nothing*/
  #define MTd /*nothing*/
#endif

#define Kmax 7

#ifdef __cplusplus
// extern "C" double strtod(const char *s00, char **se);
// extern "C" char *dtoa(double d, int mode, int ndigits,
//			int *decpt, int *sign, char **rve);
#endif

struct Bigint
{
  struct Bigint* next;
  int            k, maxwds, sign, wds;
  ULong          x[1];
};

typedef struct Bigint Bigint;

typedef struct ThInfo
{
  Bigint* Freelist[Kmax + 1];
  Bigint* P5s;
} ThInfo;

static ThInfo TI0;

#ifdef MULTIPLE_THREADS
static ThInfo* TI1;
static int     TI0_used;

void set_max_dtoa_threads(unsigned int n)
{
  size_t L;

  if (n > maxthreads)
  {
    L = n * sizeof(ThInfo);
    if (TI1)
    {
      TI1 = (ThInfo*)REALLOC(TI1, L);
      memset(TI1 + maxthreads, 0, (n - maxthreads) * sizeof(ThInfo));
    }
    else
    {
      TI1 = (ThInfo*)MALLOC(L);
      if (TI0_used)
      {
        memcpy(TI1, &TI0, sizeof(ThInfo));
        if (n > 1)
          memset(TI1 + 1, 0, L - sizeof(ThInfo));
        memset(&TI0, 0, sizeof(ThInfo));
      }
      else
        memset(TI1, 0, L);
    }
    maxthreads = n;
  }
}

static ThInfo* get_TI(void)
{
  unsigned int thno = dtoa_get_threadno();
  if (thno < maxthreads)
    return TI1 + thno;
  if (thno == 0)
    TI0_used = 1;
  return &TI0;
}

  #define freelist TI->Freelist
  #define p5s TI->P5s
#else
  #define freelist TI0.Freelist
  #define p5s TI0.P5s
#endif

static Bigint* Balloc(int k MTd)
{
  int     x;
  Bigint* rv;
#ifndef Omit_Private_Memory
  unsigned int len;
#endif
#ifdef MULTIPLE_THREADS
  ThInfo* TI;

  if (!(TI = *PTI))
    *PTI = TI = get_TI();
  if (TI == &TI0)
    ACQUIRE_DTOA_LOCK(0);
#endif
  /* The k > Kmax case does not need ACQUIRE_DTOA_LOCK(0), */
  /* but this case seems very unlikely. */
  if (k <= Kmax && (rv = freelist[k]))
    freelist[k] = rv->next;
  else
  {
    x = 1 << k;
#ifdef Omit_Private_Memory
    rv = (Bigint*)MALLOC(sizeof(Bigint) + (x - 1) * sizeof(ULong));
#else
    len = (sizeof(Bigint) + (x - 1) * sizeof(ULong) + sizeof(double) - 1) / sizeof(double);
    if (k <= Kmax && (unsigned long)(pmem_next - private_mem) + len <= PRIVATE_mem
  #ifdef MULTIPLE_THREADS
        && TI == TI1
  #endif
    )
    {
      rv = (Bigint*)pmem_next;
      pmem_next += len;
    }
    else
      rv = (Bigint*)MALLOC(len * sizeof(double));
#endif
    rv->k      = k;
    rv->maxwds = x;
  }
#ifdef MULTIPLE_THREADS
  if (TI == &TI0)
    FREE_DTOA_LOCK(0);
#endif
  rv->sign = rv->wds = 0;
  return rv;
}

static void Bfree(Bigint* v MTd)
{
#ifdef MULTIPLE_THREADS
  ThInfo* TI;
#endif
  if (v)
  {
    if (v->k > Kmax)
      FREE((void*)v);
    else
    {
#ifdef MULTIPLE_THREADS
      if (!(TI = *PTI))
        *PTI = TI = get_TI();
      if (TI == &TI0)
        ACQUIRE_DTOA_LOCK(0);
#endif
      v->next        = freelist[v->k];
      freelist[v->k] = v;
#ifdef MULTIPLE_THREADS
      if (TI == &TI0)
        FREE_DTOA_LOCK(0);
#endif
    }
  }
}

#define Bcopy(x, y)                                                                                \
  memcpy((char*)&x->sign, (char*)&y->sign, y->wds * sizeof(Long) + 2 * sizeof(int))

static Bigint* multadd(Bigint* b, int m, int a MTd) /* multiply by m and add a */
{
  int i, wds;
#ifdef ULLong
  ULong* x;
  ULLong carry, y;
#else
  ULong carry, *x, y;
  #ifdef Pack_32
  ULong xi, z;
  #endif
#endif
  Bigint* b1;

  wds   = b->wds;
  x     = b->x;
  i     = 0;
  carry = a;
  do
  {
#ifdef ULLong
    y     = *x * (ULLong)m + carry;
    carry = y >> 32;
    *x++  = y & FFFFFFFF;
#else
  #ifdef Pack_32
    xi    = *x;
    y     = (xi & 0xffff) * m + carry;
    z     = (xi >> 16) * m + (y >> 16);
    carry = z >> 16;
    *x++  = (z << 16) + (y & 0xffff);
  #else
    y     = *x * m + carry;
    carry = y >> 16;
    *x++  = y & 0xffff;
  #endif
#endif
  } while (++i < wds);
  if (carry)
  {
    if (wds >= b->maxwds)
    {
      b1 = Balloc(b->k + 1 MTa);
      Bcopy(b1, b);
      Bfree(b MTa);
      b = b1;
    }
    b->x[wds++] = (ULong)carry;
    b->wds      = wds;
  }
  return b;
}

static Bigint* s2b(const char* s, int nd0, int nd, ULong y9, int dplen MTd)
{
  Bigint* b;
  int     i, k;
  Long    x, y;

  x = (nd + 8) / 9;
  for (k = 0, y = 1; x > y; y <<= 1, k++)
    ;
#ifdef Pack_32
  b       = Balloc(k MTa);
  b->x[0] = y9;
  b->wds  = 1;
#else
  b       = Balloc(k + 1 MTa);
  b->x[0] = y9 & 0xffff;
  b->wds  = (b->x[1] = y9 >> 16) ? 2 : 1;
#endif

  i = 9;
  if (9 < nd0)
  {
    s += 9;
    do
      b = multadd(b, 10, *s++ - '0' MTa);
    while (++i < nd0);
    s += dplen;
  }
  else
    s += dplen + 9;
  for (; i < nd; i++)
    b = multadd(b, 10, *s++ - '0' MTa);
  return b;
}

static int hi0bits(ULong x)
{
  int k = 0;

  if (!(x & 0xffff0000))
  {
    k = 16;
    x <<= 16;
  }
  if (!(x & 0xff000000))
  {
    k += 8;
    x <<= 8;
  }
  if (!(x & 0xf0000000))
  {
    k += 4;
    x <<= 4;
  }
  if (!(x & 0xc0000000))
  {
    k += 2;
    x <<= 2;
  }
  if (!(x & 0x80000000))
  {
    k++;
    if (!(x & 0x40000000))
      return 32;
  }
  return k;
}

static int lo0bits(ULong* y)
{
  int   k;
  ULong x = *y;

  if (x & 7)
  {
    if (x & 1)
      return 0;
    if (x & 2)
    {
      *y = x >> 1;
      return 1;
    }
    *y = x >> 2;
    return 2;
  }
  k = 0;
  if (!(x & 0xffff))
  {
    k = 16;
    x >>= 16;
  }
  if (!(x & 0xff))
  {
    k += 8;
    x >>= 8;
  }
  if (!(x & 0xf))
  {
    k += 4;
    x >>= 4;
  }
  if (!(x & 0x3))
  {
    k += 2;
    x >>= 2;
  }
  if (!(x & 1))
  {
    k++;
    x >>= 1;
    if (!x)
      return 32;
  }
  *y = x;
  return k;
}

static Bigint* i2b(int i MTd)
{
  Bigint* b;

  b       = Balloc(1 MTa);
  b->x[0] = i;
  b->wds  = 1;
  return b;
}

static Bigint* mult(Bigint* a, Bigint* b MTd)
{
  Bigint* c;
  int     k, wa, wb, wc;
  ULong * x, *xa, *xae, *xb, *xbe, *xc, *xc0;
  ULong   y;
#ifdef ULLong
  ULLong carry, z;
#else
  ULong carry, z;
  #ifdef Pack_32
  ULong z2;
  #endif
#endif

  if (a->wds < b->wds)
  {
    c = a;
    a = b;
    b = c;
  }
  k  = a->k;
  wa = a->wds;
  wb = b->wds;
  wc = wa + wb;
  if (wc > a->maxwds)
    k++;
  c = Balloc(k MTa);
  for (x = c->x, xa = x + wc; x < xa; x++)
    *x = 0;
  xa  = a->x;
  xae = xa + wa;
  xb  = b->x;
  xbe = xb + wb;
  xc0 = c->x;
#ifdef ULLong
  for (; xb < xbe; xc0++)
  {
    if ((y = *xb++))
    {
      x     = xa;
      xc    = xc0;
      carry = 0;
      do
      {
        z     = *x++ * (ULLong)y + *xc + carry;
        carry = z >> 32;
        *xc++ = z & FFFFFFFF;
      } while (x < xae);
      *xc = (ULong)carry;
    }
  }
#else
  #ifdef Pack_32
  for (; xb < xbe; xb++, xc0++)
  {
    if (y = *xb & 0xffff)
    {
      x     = xa;
      xc    = xc0;
      carry = 0;
      do
      {
        z     = (*x & 0xffff) * y + (*xc & 0xffff) + carry;
        carry = z >> 16;
        z2    = (*x++ >> 16) * y + (*xc >> 16) + carry;
        carry = z2 >> 16;
        Storeinc(xc, z2, z);
      } while (x < xae);
      *xc = carry;
    }
    if (y = *xb >> 16)
    {
      x     = xa;
      xc    = xc0;
      carry = 0;
      z2    = *xc;
      do
      {
        z     = (*x & 0xffff) * y + (*xc >> 16) + carry;
        carry = z >> 16;
        Storeinc(xc, z, z2);
        z2    = (*x++ >> 16) * y + (*xc & 0xffff) + carry;
        carry = z2 >> 16;
      } while (x < xae);
      *xc = z2;
    }
  }
  #else
  for (; xb < xbe; xc0++)
  {
    if (y = *xb++)
    {
      x     = xa;
      xc    = xc0;
      carry = 0;
      do
      {
        z     = *x++ * y + *xc + carry;
        carry = z >> 16;
        *xc++ = z & 0xffff;
      } while (x < xae);
      *xc = carry;
    }
  }
  #endif
#endif
  for (xc0 = c->x, xc = xc0 + wc; wc > 0 && !*--xc; --wc)
    ;
  c->wds = wc;
  return c;
}

static Bigint* pow5mult(Bigint* b, int k MTd)
{
  Bigint *b1, *p5, *p51;
#ifdef MULTIPLE_THREADS
  ThInfo* TI;
#endif
  int        i;
  static int p05[3] = {5, 25, 125};

  if ((i = k & 3))
    b = multadd(b, p05[i - 1], 0 MTa);

  if (!(k >>= 2))
    return b;
#ifdef MULTIPLE_THREADS
  if (!(TI = *PTI))
    *PTI = TI = get_TI();
#endif
  if (!(p5 = p5s))
  {
    /* first time */
#ifdef MULTIPLE_THREADS
    if (!(TI = *PTI))
      *PTI = TI = get_TI();
    if (TI == &TI0)
      ACQUIRE_DTOA_LOCK(1);
    if (!(p5 = p5s))
    {
      p5 = p5s = i2b(625 MTa);
      p5->next = 0;
    }
    if (TI == &TI0)
      FREE_DTOA_LOCK(1);
#else
    p5 = p5s = i2b(625 MTa);
    p5->next = nullptr;
#endif
  }
  for (;;)
  {
    if (k & 1)
    {
      b1 = mult(b, p5 MTa);
      Bfree(b MTa);
      b = b1;
    }
    if (!(k >>= 1))
      break;
    if (!(p51 = p5->next))
    {
#ifdef MULTIPLE_THREADS
      if (!TI && !(TI = *PTI))
        *PTI = TI = get_TI();
      if (TI == &TI0)
        ACQUIRE_DTOA_LOCK(1);
      if (!(p51 = p5->next))
      {
        p51 = p5->next = mult(p5, p5 MTa);
        p51->next      = 0;
      }
      if (TI == &TI0)
        FREE_DTOA_LOCK(1);
#else
      p51 = p5->next = mult(p5, p5);
      p51->next      = nullptr;
#endif
    }
    p5 = p51;
  }
  return b;
}

static Bigint* lshift(Bigint* b, int k MTd)
{
  int     i, k1, n, n1;
  Bigint* b1;
  ULong * x, *x1, *xe, z;

#ifdef Pack_32
  n = k >> 5;
#else
  n = k >> 4;
#endif
  k1 = b->k;
  n1 = n + b->wds + 1;
  for (i = b->maxwds; n1 > i; i <<= 1)
    k1++;
  b1 = Balloc(k1 MTa);
  x1 = b1->x;
  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    *x1++ = 0;
  x  = b->x;
  xe = x + b->wds;
#ifdef Pack_32
  if (k &= 0x1f)
  {
    k1 = 32 - k;
    z  = 0;
    do
    {
      *x1++ = *x << k | z;
      z     = *x++ >> k1;
    } while (x < xe);
    if ((*x1 = z))
      ++n1;
  }
#else
  if (k &= 0xf)
  {
    k1 = 16 - k;
    z  = 0;
    do
    {
      *x1++ = *x << k & 0xffff | z;
      z     = *x++ >> k1;
    } while (x < xe);
    if (*x1 = z)
      ++n1;
  }
#endif
  else
    do
      *x1++ = *x++;
    while (x < xe);
  b1->wds = n1 - 1;
  Bfree(b MTa);
  return b1;
}

static int cmp(Bigint* a, Bigint* b)
{
  ULong *xa, *xa0, *xb, *xb0;
  int    i, j;

  i = a->wds;
  j = b->wds;
#ifdef DEBUG
  if (i > 1 && !a->x[i - 1])
    Bug("cmp called with a->x[a->wds-1] == 0");
  if (j > 1 && !b->x[j - 1])
    Bug("cmp called with b->x[b->wds-1] == 0");
#endif
  if (i -= j)
    return i;
  xa0 = a->x;
  xa  = xa0 + j;
  xb0 = b->x;
  xb  = xb0 + j;
  for (;;)
  {
    if (*--xa != *--xb)
      return *xa < *xb ? -1 : 1;
    if (xa <= xa0)
      break;
  }
  return 0;
}

static Bigint* diff(Bigint* a, Bigint* b MTd)
{
  Bigint* c;
  int     i, wa, wb;
  ULong * xa, *xae, *xb, *xbe, *xc;
#ifdef ULLong
  ULLong borrow, y;
#else
  ULong borrow, y;
  #ifdef Pack_32
  ULong z;
  #endif
#endif

  i = cmp(a, b);
  if (!i)
  {
    c       = Balloc(0 MTa);
    c->wds  = 1;
    c->x[0] = 0;
    return c;
  }
  if (i < 0)
  {
    c = a;
    a = b;
    b = c;
    i = 1;
  }
  else
    i = 0;
  c       = Balloc(a->k MTa);
  c->sign = i;
  wa      = a->wds;
  xa      = a->x;
  xae     = xa + wa;
  wb      = b->wds;
  xb      = b->x;
  xbe     = xb + wb;
  xc      = c->x;
  borrow  = 0;
#ifdef ULLong
  do
  {
    y      = (ULLong)*xa++ - *xb++ - borrow;
    borrow = y >> 32 & (ULong)1;
    *xc++  = y & FFFFFFFF;
  } while (xb < xbe);
  while (xa < xae)
  {
    y      = *xa++ - borrow;
    borrow = y >> 32 & (ULong)1;
    *xc++  = y & FFFFFFFF;
  }
#else
  #ifdef Pack_32
  do
  {
    y      = (*xa & 0xffff) - (*xb & 0xffff) - borrow;
    borrow = (y & 0x10000) >> 16;
    z      = (*xa++ >> 16) - (*xb++ >> 16) - borrow;
    borrow = (z & 0x10000) >> 16;
    Storeinc(xc, z, y);
  } while (xb < xbe);
  while (xa < xae)
  {
    y      = (*xa & 0xffff) - borrow;
    borrow = (y & 0x10000) >> 16;
    z      = (*xa++ >> 16) - borrow;
    borrow = (z & 0x10000) >> 16;
    Storeinc(xc, z, y);
  }
  #else
  do
  {
    y      = *xa++ - *xb++ - borrow;
    borrow = (y & 0x10000) >> 16;
    *xc++  = y & 0xffff;
  } while (xb < xbe);
  while (xa < xae)
  {
    y      = *xa++ - borrow;
    borrow = (y & 0x10000) >> 16;
    *xc++  = y & 0xffff;
  }
  #endif
#endif
  while (!*--xc)
    wa--;
  c->wds = wa;
  return c;
}

static double ulp(U* x)
{
  Long L;
  U    u;

  L = (word0(x) & Exp_mask) - (P - 1) * Exp_msk1;
#ifndef Avoid_Underflow
  #ifndef Sudden_Underflow
  if (L > 0)
  {
  #endif
#endif
#ifdef IBM
    L |= Exp_msk1 >> 4;
#endif
    word0(&u) = L;
    word1(&u) = 0;
#ifndef Avoid_Underflow
  #ifndef Sudden_Underflow
  }
  else
  {
    L = -L >> Exp_shift;
    if (L < Exp_shift)
    {
      word0(&u) = 0x80000 >> L;
      word1(&u) = 0;
    }
    else
    {
      word0(&u) = 0;
      L -= Exp_shift;
      word1(&u) = L >= 31 ? 1 : 1 << 31 - L;
    }
  }
  #endif
#endif
  return dval(&u);
}

static double b2d(Bigint* a, int* e)
{
  ULong *xa, *xa0, w, y, z;
  int    k;
  U      d;
#ifdef VAX
  ULong d0, d1;
#else
  #define d0 word0(&d)
  #define d1 word1(&d)
#endif

  xa0 = a->x;
  xa  = xa0 + a->wds;
  y   = *--xa;
#ifdef DEBUG
  if (!y)
    Bug("zero y in b2d");
#endif
  k  = hi0bits(y);
  *e = 32 - k;
#ifdef Pack_32
  if (k < Ebits)
  {
    d0 = Exp_1 | y >> (Ebits - k);
    w  = xa > xa0 ? *--xa : 0;
    d1 = y << ((32 - Ebits) + k) | w >> (Ebits - k);
    goto ret_d;
  }
  z = xa > xa0 ? *--xa : 0;
  if (k -= Ebits)
  {
    d0 = Exp_1 | y << k | z >> (32 - k);
    y  = xa > xa0 ? *--xa : 0;
    d1 = z << k | y >> (32 - k);
  }
  else
  {
    d0 = Exp_1 | y;
    d1 = z;
  }
#else
  if (k < Ebits + 16)
  {
    z  = xa > xa0 ? *--xa : 0;
    d0 = Exp_1 | y << k - Ebits | z >> Ebits + 16 - k;
    w  = xa > xa0 ? *--xa : 0;
    y  = xa > xa0 ? *--xa : 0;
    d1 = z << k + 16 - Ebits | w << k - Ebits | y >> 16 + Ebits - k;
    goto ret_d;
  }
  z = xa > xa0 ? *--xa : 0;
  w = xa > xa0 ? *--xa : 0;
  k -= Ebits + 16;
  d0 = Exp_1 | y << k + 16 | z << k | w >> 16 - k;
  y  = xa > xa0 ? *--xa : 0;
  d1 = w << k + 16 | y << k;
#endif
ret_d:
#ifdef VAX
  word0(&d) = d0 >> 16 | d0 << 16;
  word1(&d) = d1 >> 16 | d1 << 16;
#else
  #undef d0
  #undef d1
#endif
  return dval(&d);
}

static Bigint* d2b(U* d, int* e, int* bits MTd)
{
  Bigint* b;
  int     de, k;
  ULong * x, y, z;
#ifndef Sudden_Underflow
  int i;
#endif
#ifdef VAX
  ULong d0, d1;
  d0 = word0(d) >> 16 | word0(d) << 16;
  d1 = word1(d) >> 16 | word1(d) << 16;
#else
  #define d0 word0(d)
  #define d1 word1(d)
#endif

#ifdef Pack_32
  b = Balloc(1 MTa);
#else
  b = Balloc(2 MTa);
#endif
  x = b->x;

  z = d0 & Frac_mask;
  d0 &= 0x7fffffff; /* clear sign bit, which we ignore */
#ifdef Sudden_Underflow
  de = (int)(d0 >> Exp_shift);
  #ifndef IBM
  z |= Exp_msk11;
  #endif
#else
  if ((de = (int)(d0 >> Exp_shift)))
    z |= Exp_msk1;
#endif
#ifdef Pack_32
  if ((y = d1))
  {
    if ((k = lo0bits(&y)))
    {
      x[0] = y | z << (32 - k);
      z >>= k;
    }
    else
      x[0] = y;
  #ifndef Sudden_Underflow
    i =
  #endif
      b->wds = (x[1] = z) ? 2 : 1;
  }
  else
  {
    k    = lo0bits(&z);
    x[0] = z;
  #ifndef Sudden_Underflow
    i =
  #endif
      b->wds = 1;
    k += 32;
  }
#else
  if (y = d1)
  {
    if (k = lo0bits(&y))
      if (k >= 16)
      {
        x[0] = y | z << 32 - k & 0xffff;
        x[1] = z >> k - 16 & 0xffff;
        x[2] = z >> k;
        i    = 2;
      }
      else
      {
        x[0] = y & 0xffff;
        x[1] = y >> 16 | z << 16 - k & 0xffff;
        x[2] = z >> k & 0xffff;
        x[3] = z >> k + 16;
        i    = 3;
      }
    else
    {
      x[0] = y & 0xffff;
      x[1] = y >> 16;
      x[2] = z & 0xffff;
      x[3] = z >> 16;
      i    = 3;
    }
  }
  else
  {
  #ifdef DEBUG
    if (!z)
      Bug("Zero passed to d2b");
  #endif
    k = lo0bits(&z);
    if (k >= 16)
    {
      x[0] = z;
      i    = 0;
    }
    else
    {
      x[0] = z & 0xffff;
      x[1] = z >> 16;
      i    = 1;
    }
    k += 32;
  }
  while (!x[i])
    --i;
  b->wds = i + 1;
#endif
#ifndef Sudden_Underflow
  if (de)
  {
#endif
#ifdef IBM
    *e    = (de - Bias - (P - 1) << 2) + k;
    *bits = 4 * P + 8 - k - hi0bits(word0(d) & Frac_mask);
#else
  *e    = de - Bias - (P - 1) + k;
  *bits = P - k;
#endif
#ifndef Sudden_Underflow
  }
  else
  {
    *e = de - Bias - (P - 1) + 1 + k;
  #ifdef Pack_32
    *bits = 32 * i - hi0bits(x[i - 1]);
  #else
    *bits = (i + 2) * 16 - hi0bits(x[i]);
  #endif
  }
#endif
  return b;
}

#undef d0
#undef d1

static double ratio(Bigint* a, Bigint* b)
{
  U   da, db;
  int k, ka, kb;

  dval(&da) = b2d(a, &ka);
  dval(&db) = b2d(b, &kb);
#ifdef Pack_32
  k = ka - kb + 32 * (a->wds - b->wds);
#else
  k = ka - kb + 16 * (a->wds - b->wds);
#endif
#ifdef IBM
  if (k > 0)
  {
    word0(&da) += (k >> 2) * Exp_msk1;
    if (k &= 3)
      dval(&da) *= 1 << k;
  }
  else
  {
    k = -k;
    word0(&db) += (k >> 2) * Exp_msk1;
    if (k &= 3)
      dval(&db) *= 1 << k;
  }
#else
  if (k > 0)
    word0(&da) += k * Exp_msk1;
  else
  {
    k = -k;
    word0(&db) += k * Exp_msk1;
  }
#endif
  return dval(&da) / dval(&db);
}

static const double tens[] = {1e0,
                              1e1,
                              1e2,
                              1e3,
                              1e4,
                              1e5,
                              1e6,
                              1e7,
                              1e8,
                              1e9,
                              1e10,
                              1e11,
                              1e12,
                              1e13,
                              1e14,
                              1e15,
                              1e16,
                              1e17,
                              1e18,
                              1e19,
                              1e20,
                              1e21,
                              1e22
#ifdef VAX
                              ,
                              1e23,
                              1e24
#endif
};

static const double
#ifdef IEEE_Arith
                    bigtens[]  = {1e16, 1e32, 1e64, 1e128, 1e256};
static const double tinytens[] = {1e-16,
                                  1e-32,
                                  1e-64,
                                  1e-128,
  #ifdef Avoid_Underflow
                                  9007199254740992. * 9007199254740992.e-256
  /* = 2^106 * 1e-256 */
  #else
                                  1e-256
  #endif
};
  /* The factor of 2^53 in tinytens[4] helps us avoid setting the underflow */
  /* flag unnecessarily.  It leads to a song and dance at the end of strtod. */
  #define Scale_Bit 0x10
  #define n_bigtens 5
#else
  #ifdef IBM
                    bigtens[]  = {1e16, 1e32, 1e64};
static const double tinytens[] = {1e-16, 1e-32, 1e-64};
    #define n_bigtens 3
  #else
                    bigtens[]  = {1e16, 1e32};
static const double tinytens[] = {1e-16, 1e-32};
    #define n_bigtens 2
  #endif
#endif

#undef Need_Hexdig
#ifdef INFNAN_CHECK
  #ifndef No_Hex_NaN
    #define Need_Hexdig
  #endif
#endif

#ifndef Need_Hexdig
  #ifndef NO_HEX_FP
    #define Need_Hexdig
  #endif
#endif

#ifdef Need_Hexdig /*{*/
  #if 0
static unsigned char hexdig[256];

 static void
htinit(unsigned char *h, unsigned char *s, int inc)
{
	int i, j;
	for(i = 0; (j = s[i]) !=0; i++)
		h[j] = i + inc;
	}

 static void
hexdig_init(void)	/* Use of hexdig_init omitted 20121220 to avoid a */
			/* race condition when multiple threads are used. */
{
    #define USC (unsigned char*)
	htinit(hexdig, USC "0123456789", 0x10);
	htinit(hexdig, USC "abcdef", 0x10 + 10);
	htinit(hexdig, USC "ABCDEF", 0x10 + 10);
	}
  #else
static unsigned char hexdig[256] = {
  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,
  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  16, 17, 18, 19,
  20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,
  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 0,
  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,
  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,
  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,
  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,
  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,
  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0};
  #endif
#endif /* } Need_Hexdig */

#ifdef INFNAN_CHECK

  #ifndef NAN_WORD0
    #define NAN_WORD0 0x7ff80000
  #endif

  #ifndef NAN_WORD1
    #define NAN_WORD1 0
  #endif

static int match(const char** sp, const char* t)
{
  int         c, d;
  const char* s = *sp;

  while ((d = *t++))
  {
    if ((c = *++s) >= 'A' && c <= 'Z')
      c += 'a' - 'A';
    if (c != d)
      return 0;
  }
  *sp = s + 1;
  return 1;
}

  #ifndef No_Hex_NaN
static void hexnan(U* rvp, const char** sp)
{
  ULong       c, x[2];
  const char* s;
  int         c1, havedig, udx0, xshift;

  /**** if (!hexdig['0']) hexdig_init(); ****/
  x[0] = x[1] = 0;
  havedig = xshift = 0;
  udx0             = 1;
  s                = *sp;
  /* allow optional initial 0x or 0X */
  while ((c = *(const unsigned char*)(s + 1)) && c <= ' ')
    ++s;
  if (s[1] == '0' && (s[2] == 'x' || s[2] == 'X'))
    s += 2;
  while ((c = *(const unsigned char*)++s))
  {
    if ((c1 = hexdig[c]))
      c = c1 & 0xf;
    else if (c <= ' ')
    {
      if (udx0 && havedig)
      {
        udx0   = 0;
        xshift = 1;
      }
      continue;
    }
    #ifdef GDTOA_NON_PEDANTIC_NANCHECK
    else if (/*(*/ c == ')' && havedig)
    {
      *sp = s + 1;
      break;
    }
    else
      return; /* invalid form: don't change *sp */
    #else
    else
    {
      do
      {
        if (/*(*/ c == ')')
        {
          *sp = s + 1;
          break;
        }
      } while ((c = *++s));
      break;
    }
    #endif
    havedig = 1;
    if (xshift)
    {
      xshift = 0;
      x[0]   = x[1];
      x[1]   = 0;
    }
    if (udx0)
      x[0] = (x[0] << 4) | (x[1] >> 28);
    x[1] = (x[1] << 4) | c;
  }
  if ((x[0] &= 0xfffff) || x[1])
  {
    word0(rvp) = Exp_mask | x[0];
    word1(rvp) = x[1];
  }
}
  #endif /*No_Hex_NaN*/
#endif   /* INFNAN_CHECK */

#ifdef Pack_32
  #define ULbits 32
  #define kshift 5
  #define kmask 31
#else
  #define ULbits 16
  #define kshift 4
  #define kmask 15
#endif

#if !defined(NO_HEX_FP) || defined(Honor_FLT_ROUNDS) /*{*/
static Bigint* increment(Bigint* b MTd)
{
  ULong * x, *xe;
  Bigint* b1;

  x  = b->x;
  xe = x + b->wds;
  do
  {
    if (*x < (ULong)0xffffffffL)
    {
      ++*x;
      return b;
    }
    *x++ = 0;
  } while (x < xe);
  {
    if (b->wds >= b->maxwds)
    {
      b1 = Balloc(b->k + 1 MTa);
      Bcopy(b1, b);
      Bfree(b MTa);
      b = b1;
    }
    b->x[b->wds++] = 1;
  }
  return b;
}

#endif /*}*/

#ifndef NO_HEX_FP /*{*/

static void rshift(Bigint* b, int k)
{
  ULong *x, *x1, *xe, y;
  int    n;

  x = x1 = b->x;
  n      = k >> kshift;
  if (n < b->wds)
  {
    xe = x + b->wds;
    x += n;
    if (k &= kmask)
    {
      n = 32 - k;
      y = *x++ >> k;
      while (x < xe)
      {
        *x1++ = (y | (*x << n)) & 0xffffffff;
        y     = *x++ >> k;
      }
      if ((*x1 = y) != 0)
        x1++;
    }
    else
      while (x < xe)
        *x1++ = *x++;
  }
  if ((b->wds = int(x1 - b->x)) == 0)
    b->x[0] = 0;
}

static ULong any_on(Bigint* b, int k)
{
  int    n, nwds;
  ULong *x, *x0, x1, x2;

  x    = b->x;
  nwds = b->wds;
  n    = k >> kshift;
  if (n > nwds)
    n = nwds;
  else if (n < nwds && (k &= kmask))
  {
    x1 = x2 = x[n];
    x1 >>= k;
    x1 <<= k;
    if (x1 != x2)
      return 1;
  }
  x0 = x;
  x += n;
  while (x > x0)
    if (*--x)
      return 1;
  return 0;
}

enum
{ /* rounding values: same as FLT_ROUNDS */
  Round_zero = 0,
  Round_near = 1,
  Round_up   = 2,
  Round_down = 3
};

void gethex(const char** sp, U* rvp, int rounding, int sign MTd)
{
  Bigint*              b;
  const unsigned char *decpt, *s0, *s, *s1;
  Long                 e, e1;
  ULong                L, lostbits, *x;
  int                  big, denorm, esign, havedig, k, n, nbits, up, zret;
  #ifdef IBM
  int j;
  #endif
  enum
  {
  #ifdef IEEE_Arith /*{{*/
    emax = 0x7fe - Bias - P + 1,
    emin = Emin - P + 1
  #else /*}{*/
    emin = Emin - P,
    #ifdef VAX
    emax = 0x7ff - Bias - P
           + 1
    #endif
    #ifdef IBM
           emax = 0x7f - Bias - P
    #endif
  #endif /*}}*/
  };
  #ifdef USE_LOCALE
  int i;
    #ifdef NO_LOCALE_CACHE
  const unsigned char* decimalpoint = (unsigned char*)localeconv()->decimal_point;
    #else
  const unsigned char*  decimalpoint;
  static unsigned char* decimalpoint_cache;
  if (!(s0 = decimalpoint_cache))
  {
    s0 = (unsigned char*)localeconv()->decimal_point;
    if ((decimalpoint_cache = (unsigned char*)MALLOC(strlen((const char*)s0) + 1)))
    {
      strcpy((char*)decimalpoint_cache, (const char*)s0);
      s0 = decimalpoint_cache;
    }
  }
  decimalpoint = s0;
    #endif
  #endif

  /**** if (!hexdig['0']) hexdig_init(); ****/
  havedig = 0;
  s0      = *(const unsigned char**)sp + 2;
  while (s0[havedig] == '0')
    havedig++;
  s0 += havedig;
  s     = s0;
  decpt = nullptr;
  zret  = 0;
  e     = 0;
  if (hexdig[*s])
    havedig++;
  else
  {
    zret = 1;
  #ifdef USE_LOCALE
    for (i = 0; decimalpoint[i]; ++i)
    {
      if (s[i] != decimalpoint[i])
        goto pcheck;
    }
    decpt = s += i;
  #else
    if (*s != '.')
      goto pcheck;
    decpt = ++s;
  #endif
    if (!hexdig[*s])
      goto pcheck;
    while (*s == '0')
      s++;
    if (hexdig[*s])
      zret = 0;
    havedig = 1;
    s0      = s;
  }
  while (hexdig[*s])
    s++;
  #ifdef USE_LOCALE
  if (*s == *decimalpoint && !decpt)
  {
    for (i = 1; decimalpoint[i]; ++i)
    {
      if (s[i] != decimalpoint[i])
        goto pcheck;
    }
    decpt = s += i;
  #else
  if (*s == '.' && !decpt)
  {
    decpt = ++s;
  #endif
    while (hexdig[*s])
      s++;
  } /*}*/
  if (decpt)
    e = -(((Long)(s - decpt)) << 2);
pcheck:
  s1  = s;
  big = esign = 0;
  switch (*s)
  {
    case 'p':
    case 'P':
      switch (*++s)
      {
        case '-':
          esign = 1;
          /* no break */
          [[fallthrough]];
        case '+':
          s++;
      }
      if ((n = hexdig[*s]) == 0 || n > 0x19)
      {
        s = s1;
        break;
      }
      e1 = n - 0x10;
      while ((n = hexdig[*++s]) != 0 && n <= 0x19)
      {
        if (e1 & 0xf8000000)
          big = 1;
        e1 = 10 * e1 + n - 0x10;
      }
      if (esign)
        e1 = -e1;
      e += e1;
  }
  *sp = (char*)s;
  if (!havedig)
    *sp = (char*)s0 - 1;
  if (zret)
    goto retz1;
  if (big)
  {
    if (esign)
    {
  #ifdef IEEE_Arith
      switch (rounding)
      {
        case Round_up:
          if (sign)
            break;
          goto ret_tiny;
        case Round_down:
          if (!sign)
            break;
          goto ret_tiny;
      }
  #endif
      goto retz;
  #ifdef IEEE_Arith
    ret_tinyf:
      Bfree(b MTa);
    ret_tiny:
      Set_errno(ERANGE);
      word0(rvp) = 0;
      word1(rvp) = 1;
      return;
  #endif /* IEEE_Arith */
    }
    switch (rounding)
    {
      case Round_near:
        goto ovfl1;
      case Round_up:
        if (!sign)
          goto ovfl1;
        goto ret_big;
      case Round_down:
        if (sign)
          goto ovfl1;
        goto ret_big;
    }
  ret_big:
    word0(rvp) = Big0;
    word1(rvp) = Big1;
    return;
  }
  n = int(s1 - s0 - 1);
  for (k = 0; n > (1 << (kshift - 2)) - 1; n >>= 1)
    k++;
  b = Balloc(k MTa);
  x = b->x;
  n = 0;
  L = 0;
  #ifdef USE_LOCALE
  for (i = 0; decimalpoint[i + 1]; ++i)
    ;
  #endif
  while (s1 > s0)
  {
  #ifdef USE_LOCALE
    if (*--s1 == decimalpoint[i])
    {
      s1 -= i;
      continue;
    }
  #else
    if (*--s1 == '.')
      continue;
  #endif
    if (n == ULbits)
    {
      *x++ = L;
      L    = 0;
      n    = 0;
    }
    L |= (hexdig[*s1] & 0x0f) << n;
    n += 4;
  }
  *x++   = L;
  b->wds = n = int(x - b->x);
  n          = ULbits * n - hi0bits(L);
  nbits      = Nbits;
  lostbits   = 0;
  x          = b->x;
  if (n > nbits)
  {
    n -= nbits;
    if (any_on(b, n))
    {
      lostbits = 1;
      k        = n - 1;
      if (x[k >> kshift] & 1 << (k & kmask))
      {
        lostbits = 2;
        if (k > 0 && any_on(b, k))
          lostbits = 3;
      }
    }
    rshift(b, n);
    e += n;
  }
  else if (n < nbits)
  {
    n = nbits - n;
    b = lshift(b, n MTa);
    e -= n;
    x = b->x;
  }
  if (e > emax)
  {
  ovfl:
    Bfree(b MTa);
  ovfl1:
    Set_errno(ERANGE);
  #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
    switch (rounding)
    {
      case Round_zero:
        goto ret_big;
      case Round_down:
        if (!sign)
          goto ret_big;
        break;
      case Round_up:
        if (sign)
          goto ret_big;
    }
  #endif
    word0(rvp) = Exp_mask;
    word1(rvp) = 0;
    return;
  }
  denorm = 0;
  if (e < emin)
  {
    denorm = 1;
    n      = emin - e;
    if (n >= nbits)
    {
  #ifdef IEEE_Arith /*{*/
      switch (rounding)
      {
        case Round_near:
          if (n == nbits && (n < 2 || lostbits || any_on(b, n - 1)))
            goto ret_tinyf;
          break;
        case Round_up:
          if (!sign)
            goto ret_tinyf;
          break;
        case Round_down:
          if (sign)
            goto ret_tinyf;
      }
  #endif /* } IEEE_Arith */
      Bfree(b MTa);
    retz:
      Set_errno(ERANGE);
    retz1:
      rvp->d = 0.;
      return;
    }
    k = n - 1;
    if (lostbits)
      lostbits = 1;
    else if (k > 0)
      lostbits = any_on(b, k);
    if (x[k >> kshift] & 1 << (k & kmask))
      lostbits |= 2;
    nbits -= n;
    rshift(b, n);
    e = emin;
  }
  if (lostbits)
  {
    up = 0;
    switch (rounding)
    {
      case Round_zero:
        break;
      case Round_near:
        if (lostbits & 2 && (lostbits & 1) | (x[0] & 1))
          up = 1;
        break;
      case Round_up:
        up = 1 - sign;
        break;
      case Round_down:
        up = sign;
    }
    if (up)
    {
      k = b->wds;
      b = increment(b MTa);
      x = b->x;
      if (denorm)
      {
  #if 0
				if (nbits == Nbits - 1
				 && x[nbits >> kshift] & 1 << (nbits & kmask))
					denorm = 0; /* not currently used */
  #endif
      }
      else if (b->wds > k || ((n = nbits & kmask) != 0 && hi0bits(x[k - 1]) < 32 - n))
      {
        rshift(b, 1);
        if (++e > Emax)
          goto ovfl;
      }
    }
  }
  #ifdef IEEE_Arith
  if (denorm)
    word0(rvp) = b->wds > 1 ? b->x[1] & ~0x100000 : 0;
  else
    word0(rvp) = (b->x[1] & ~0x100000) | ((e + 0x3ff + 52) << 20);
  word1(rvp) = b->x[0];
  #endif
  #ifdef IBM
  if ((j = e & 3))
  {
    k = b->x[0] & ((1 << j) - 1);
    rshift(b, j);
    if (k)
    {
      switch (rounding)
      {
        case Round_up:
          if (!sign)
            increment(b);
          break;
        case Round_down:
          if (sign)
            increment(b);
          break;
        case Round_near:
          j = 1 << (j - 1);
          if (k & j && ((k & (j - 1)) | lostbits))
            increment(b);
      }
    }
  }
  e >>= 2;
  word0(rvp) = b->x[1] | ((e + 65 + 13) << 24);
  word1(rvp) = b->x[0];
  #endif
  #ifdef VAX
  /* The next two lines ignore swap of low- and high-order 2 bytes. */
  /* word0(rvp) = (b->x[1] & ~0x800000) | ((e + 129 + 55) << 23); */
  /* word1(rvp) = b->x[0]; */
  word0(rvp) = ((b->x[1] & ~0x800000) >> 16) | ((e + 129 + 55) << 7) | (b->x[1] << 16);
  word1(rvp) = (b->x[0] >> 16) | (b->x[0] << 16);
  #endif
  Bfree(b MTa);
}
#endif /*!NO_HEX_FP}*/

static int dshift(Bigint* b, int p2)
{
  int rv = hi0bits(b->x[b->wds - 1]) - 4;
  if (p2 > 0)
    rv -= p2;
  return rv & kmask;
}

static int quorem(Bigint* b, Bigint* S)
{
  int    n;
  ULong *bx, *bxe, q, *sx, *sxe;
#ifdef ULLong
  ULLong borrow, carry, y, ys;
#else
  ULong borrow, carry, y, ys;
  #ifdef Pack_32
  ULong si, z, zs;
  #endif
#endif

  n = S->wds;
#ifdef DEBUG
  /*debug*/ if (b->wds > n)
    /*debug*/ Bug("oversize b in quorem");
#endif
  if (b->wds < n)
    return 0;
  sx  = S->x;
  sxe = sx + --n;
  bx  = b->x;
  bxe = bx + n;
  q   = *bxe / (*sxe + 1); /* ensure q <= true quotient */
#ifdef DEBUG
  #ifdef NO_STRTOD_BIGCOMP
  /*debug*/ if (q > 9)
  #else
  /* An oversized q is possible when quorem is called from bigcomp and */
  /* the input is near, e.g., twice the smallest denormalized number. */
  /*debug*/ if (q > 15)
  #endif
    /*debug*/ Bug("oversized quotient in quorem");
#endif
  if (q)
  {
    borrow = 0;
    carry  = 0;
    do
    {
#ifdef ULLong
      ys     = *sx++ * (ULLong)q + carry;
      carry  = ys >> 32;
      y      = *bx - (ys & FFFFFFFF) - borrow;
      borrow = y >> 32 & (ULong)1;
      *bx++  = y & FFFFFFFF;
#else
  #ifdef Pack_32
      si     = *sx++;
      ys     = (si & 0xffff) * q + carry;
      zs     = (si >> 16) * q + (ys >> 16);
      carry  = zs >> 16;
      y      = (*bx & 0xffff) - (ys & 0xffff) - borrow;
      borrow = (y & 0x10000) >> 16;
      z      = (*bx >> 16) - (zs & 0xffff) - borrow;
      borrow = (z & 0x10000) >> 16;
      Storeinc(bx, z, y);
  #else
      ys     = *sx++ * q + carry;
      carry  = ys >> 16;
      y      = *bx - (ys & 0xffff) - borrow;
      borrow = (y & 0x10000) >> 16;
      *bx++  = y & 0xffff;
  #endif
#endif
    } while (sx <= sxe);
    if (!*bxe)
    {
      bx = b->x;
      while (--bxe > bx && !*bxe)
        --n;
      b->wds = n;
    }
  }
  if (cmp(b, S) >= 0)
  {
    q++;
    borrow = 0;
    carry  = 0;
    bx     = b->x;
    sx     = S->x;
    do
    {
#ifdef ULLong
      ys     = *sx++ + carry;
      carry  = ys >> 32;
      y      = *bx - (ys & FFFFFFFF) - borrow;
      borrow = y >> 32 & (ULong)1;
      *bx++  = y & FFFFFFFF;
#else
  #ifdef Pack_32
      si     = *sx++;
      ys     = (si & 0xffff) + carry;
      zs     = (si >> 16) + (ys >> 16);
      carry  = zs >> 16;
      y      = (*bx & 0xffff) - (ys & 0xffff) - borrow;
      borrow = (y & 0x10000) >> 16;
      z      = (*bx >> 16) - (zs & 0xffff) - borrow;
      borrow = (z & 0x10000) >> 16;
      Storeinc(bx, z, y);
  #else
      ys     = *sx++ + carry;
      carry  = ys >> 16;
      y      = *bx - (ys & 0xffff) - borrow;
      borrow = (y & 0x10000) >> 16;
      *bx++  = y & 0xffff;
  #endif
#endif
    } while (sx <= sxe);
    bx  = b->x;
    bxe = bx + n;
    if (!*bxe)
    {
      while (--bxe > bx && !*bxe)
        --n;
      b->wds = n;
    }
  }
  return q;
}

#if defined(Avoid_Underflow) || !defined(NO_STRTOD_BIGCOMP) /*{*/
static double sulp(U* x, BCinfo* bc)
{
  U      u;
  double rv;
  int    i;

  rv = ulp(x);
  if (!bc->scale || (i = 2 * P + 1 - ((word0(x) & Exp_mask) >> Exp_shift)) <= 0)
    return rv; /* Is there an example where i <= 0 ? */
  word0(&u) = Exp_1 + (i << Exp_shift);
  word1(&u) = 0;
  return rv * u.d;
}
#endif /*}*/

#ifndef NO_STRTOD_BIGCOMP
static void bigcomp(U* rv, const char* s0, BCinfo* bc MTd)
{
  Bigint *b, *d;
  int     b2, bbits, d2, dd = 0, dig, dsign, i, j, nd, nd0, p2, p5, speccase;

  dsign    = bc->dsign;
  nd       = bc->nd;
  nd0      = bc->nd0;
  p5       = nd + bc->e0 - 1;
  speccase = 0;
  #ifndef Sudden_Underflow
  if (rv->d == 0.)
  { /* special case: value near underflow-to-zero */
    /* threshold was rounded to zero */
    b     = i2b(1 MTa);
    p2    = Emin - P + 1;
    bbits = 1;
    #ifdef Avoid_Underflow
    word0(rv) = (P + 2) << Exp_shift;
    #else
    word1(rv) = 1;
    #endif
    i = 0;
    #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
    if (bc->rounding == 1)
    #endif
    {
      speccase = 1;
      --p2;
      dsign = 0;
      goto have_i;
    }
  }
  else
  #endif
    b = d2b(rv, &p2, &bbits MTa);
  #ifdef Avoid_Underflow
  p2 -= bc->scale;
  #endif
  /* floor(log2(rv)) == bbits - 1 + p2 */
  /* Check for denormal case. */
  i = P - bbits;
  if (i > (j = P - Emin - 1 + p2))
  {
  #ifdef Sudden_Underflow
    Bfree(b MTa);
    b  = i2b(1);
    p2 = Emin;
    i  = P - 1;
    #ifdef Avoid_Underflow
    word0(rv) = (1 + bc->scale) << Exp_shift;
    #else
    word0(rv) = Exp_msk1;
    #endif
    word1(rv) = 0;
  #else
    i = j;
  #endif
  }
  #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
  if (bc->rounding != 1)
  {
    if (i > 0)
      b = lshift(b, i MTa);
    if (dsign)
      b = increment(b MTa);
  }
  else
  #endif
  {
    b = lshift(b, ++i MTa);
    b->x[0] |= 1;
  }
  #ifndef Sudden_Underflow
have_i:
  #endif
  p2 -= p5 + i;
  d = i2b(1 MTa);
  /* Arrange for convenient computation of quotients:
   * shift left if necessary so divisor has 4 leading 0 bits.
   */
  if (p5 > 0)
    d = pow5mult(d, p5 MTa);
  else if (p5 < 0)
    b = pow5mult(b, -p5 MTa);
  if (p2 > 0)
  {
    b2 = p2;
    d2 = 0;
  }
  else
  {
    b2 = 0;
    d2 = -p2;
  }
  i = dshift(d, d2);
  if ((b2 += i) > 0)
    b = lshift(b, b2 MTa);
  if ((d2 += i) > 0)
    d = lshift(d, d2 MTa);

  /* Now b/d = exactly half-way between the two floating-point values */
  /* on either side of the input string.  Compute first digit of b/d. */

  if (!(dig = quorem(b, d)))
  {
    b   = multadd(b, 10, 0 MTa); /* very unlikely */
    dig = quorem(b, d);
  }

  /* Compare b/d with s0 */

  for (i = 0; i < nd0;)
  {
    if ((dd = s0[i++] - '0' - dig))
      goto ret;
    if (!b->x[0] && b->wds == 1)
    {
      if (i < nd)
        dd = 1;
      goto ret;
    }
    b   = multadd(b, 10, 0 MTa);
    dig = quorem(b, d);
  }
  for (j = bc->dp1; i++ < nd;)
  {
    if ((dd = s0[j++] - '0' - dig))
      goto ret;
    if (!b->x[0] && b->wds == 1)
    {
      if (i < nd)
        dd = 1;
      goto ret;
    }
    b   = multadd(b, 10, 0 MTa);
    dig = quorem(b, d);
  }
  if (dig > 0 || b->x[0] || b->wds > 1)
    dd = -1;
ret:
  Bfree(b MTa);
  Bfree(d MTa);
  #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
  if (bc->rounding != 1)
  {
    if (dd < 0)
    {
      if (bc->rounding == 0)
      {
        if (!dsign)
          goto retlow1;
      }
      else if (dsign)
        goto rethi1;
    }
    else if (dd > 0)
    {
      if (bc->rounding == 0)
      {
        if (dsign)
          goto rethi1;
        goto ret1;
      }
      if (!dsign)
        goto rethi1;
      dval(rv) += 2. * sulp(rv, bc);
    }
    else
    {
      bc->inexact = 0;
      if (dsign)
        goto rethi1;
    }
  }
  else
  #endif
    if (speccase)
  {
    if (dd <= 0)
      rv->d = 0.;
  }
  else if (dd < 0)
  {
    if (!dsign) /* does not happen for round-near */
    retlow1:
      dval(rv) -= sulp(rv, bc);
  }
  else if (dd > 0)
  {
    if (dsign)
    {
    rethi1:
      dval(rv) += sulp(rv, bc);
    }
  }
  else
  {
    /* Exact half-way case:  apply round-even rule. */
    if ((j = ((word0(rv) & Exp_mask) >> Exp_shift) - bc->scale) <= 0)
    {
      i = 1 - j;
      if (i <= 31)
      {
        if (word1(rv) & (0x1 << i))
          goto odd;
      }
      else if (word0(rv) & (0x1 << (i - 32)))
        goto odd;
    }
    else if (word1(rv) & 1)
    {
    odd:
      if (dsign)
        goto rethi1;
      goto retlow1;
    }
  }

  #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
ret1:
  #endif
  return;
}
#endif /* NO_STRTOD_BIGCOMP */

double Strtod(const char* s00, char** se)
{
  int         bb2, bb5, bbe, bd2, bd5, bbbits, bs2, c, e, e1;
  int         esign, i, j, k, nd, nd0, nf, nz, nz0, nz1, sign;
  const char *s, *s0, *s1;
  double      aadj, aadj1;
  Long        L;
  U           aadj2, adj, rv, rv0;
  ULong       y, z;
  BCinfo      bc;
  Bigint *    bb = nullptr, *bb1 = nullptr, *bd = nullptr, *bd0 = nullptr, *bs = nullptr,
         *delta = nullptr;
#ifdef USE_BF96
  ULLong      bhi, blo, brv, t00, t01, t02, t10, t11, terv, tg, tlo, yz;
  const BF96* p10;
  int         bexact, erv;
#endif
#ifdef Avoid_Underflow
  ULong Lsb, Lsb1;
#endif
#ifdef SET_INEXACT
  int oldinexact;
#endif
#ifndef NO_STRTOD_BIGCOMP
  int req_bigcomp = 0;
#endif
#ifdef MULTIPLE_THREADS
  ThInfo* TI = 0;
#endif
#ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS   /*{*/
  #ifdef Trust_FLT_ROUNDS /*{{ only define this if FLT_ROUNDS really works! */
  bc.rounding = Flt_Rounds;
  #else  /*}{*/
  bc.rounding = 1;
  switch (fegetround())
  {
    case FE_TOWARDZERO:
      bc.rounding = 0;
      break;
    case FE_UPWARD:
      bc.rounding = 2;
      break;
    case FE_DOWNWARD:
      bc.rounding = 3;
  }
  #endif /*}}*/
#endif   /*}*/
#ifdef USE_LOCALE
  const char* s2;
#endif

  sign = nz0 = nz1 = nz = bc.dplen = bc.uflchk = 0;
  dval(&rv)                                    = 0.;
  for (s = s00;; s++)
    switch (*s)
    {
      case '-':
        sign = 1;
        /* no break */
        [[fallthrough]];
      case '+':
        if (*++s)
          goto break2;
        /* no break */
        [[fallthrough]];
      case 0:
        goto ret0;
      case '\t':
      case '\n':
      case '\v':
      case '\f':
      case '\r':
      case ' ':
        continue;
      default:
        goto break2;
    }
break2:
  if (*s == '0')
  {
#ifndef NO_HEX_FP /*{*/
    switch (s[1])
    {
      case 'x':
      case 'X':
  #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
        gethex(&s, &rv, bc.rounding, sign MTb);
  #else
        gethex(&s, &rv, 1, sign MTb);
  #endif
        goto ret;
    }
#endif /*}*/
    nz0 = 1;
    while (*++s == '0')
      ;
    if (!*s)
      goto ret;
  }
  s0 = s;
  nd = nf = 0;
#ifdef USE_BF96
  yz = 0;
  for (; (c = *s) >= '0' && c <= '9'; nd++, s++)
    if (nd < 19)
      yz = 10 * yz + c - '0';
#else
  y = z = 0;
  for (; (c = *s) >= '0' && c <= '9'; nd++, s++)
    if (nd < 9)
      y = 10 * y + c - '0';
    else if (nd < DBL_DIG + 2)
      z = 10 * z + c - '0';
#endif
  nd0    = nd;
  bc.dp0 = bc.dp1 = int(s - s0);
  for (s1 = s; s1 > s0 && *--s1 == '0';)
    ++nz1;
#ifdef USE_LOCALE
  s1 = localeconv()->decimal_point;
  if (c == *s1)
  {
    c = '.';
    if (*++s1)
    {
      s2 = s;
      for (;;)
      {
        if (*++s2 != *s1)
        {
          c = 0;
          break;
        }
        if (!*++s1)
        {
          s = s2;
          break;
        }
      }
    }
  }
#endif
  if (c == '.')
  {
    c        = *++s;
    bc.dp1   = int(s - s0);
    bc.dplen = bc.dp1 - bc.dp0;
    if (!nd)
    {
      for (; c == '0'; c = *++s)
        nz++;
      if (c > '0' && c <= '9')
      {
        bc.dp0 = int(s0 - s);
        bc.dp1 = bc.dp0 + bc.dplen;
        s0     = s;
        nf += nz;
        nz = 0;
        goto have_dig;
      }
      goto dig_done;
    }
    for (; c >= '0' && c <= '9'; c = *++s)
    {
    have_dig:
      nz++;
      if (c -= '0')
      {
        nf += nz;
        i = 1;
#ifdef USE_BF96
        for (; i < nz; ++i)
        {
          if (++nd <= 19)
            yz *= 10;
        }
        if (++nd <= 19)
          yz = 10 * yz + c;
#else
        for (; i < nz; ++i)
        {
          if (nd++ < 9)
            y *= 10;
          else if (nd <= DBL_DIG + 2)
            z *= 10;
        }
        if (nd++ < 9)
          y = 10 * y + c;
        else if (nd <= DBL_DIG + 2)
          z = 10 * z + c;
#endif
        nz = nz1 = 0;
      }
    }
  }
dig_done:
  e = 0;
  if (c == 'e' || c == 'E')
  {
    if (!nd && !nz && !nz0)
    {
      goto ret0;
    }
    s00   = s;
    esign = 0;
    switch (c = *++s)
    {
      case '-':
        esign = 1;
        [[fallthrough]];
      case '+':
        c = *++s;
    }
    if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
    {
      while (c == '0')
        c = *++s;
      if (c > '0' && c <= '9')
      {
        L  = c - '0';
        s1 = s;
        while ((c = *++s) >= '0' && c <= '9')
          L = 10 * L + c - '0';
        if (s - s1 > 8 || L > 19999)
          /* Avoid confusion from exponents
           * so large that e might overflow.
           */
          e = 19999; /* safe for 16 bit ints */
        else
          e = (int)L;
        if (esign)
          e = -e;
      }
      else
        e = 0;
    }
    else
      s = s00;
  }
  if (!nd)
  {
    if (!nz && !nz0)
    {
#ifdef INFNAN_CHECK /*{*/
      /* Check for Nan and Infinity */
      if (!bc.dplen)
        switch (c)
        {
          case 'i':
          case 'I':
            if (match(&s, "nf"))
            {
              --s;
              if (!match(&s, "inity"))
                ++s;
              word0(&rv) = 0x7ff00000;
              word1(&rv) = 0;
              goto ret;
            }
            break;
          case 'n':
          case 'N':
            if (match(&s, "an"))
            {
              word0(&rv) = NAN_WORD0;
              word1(&rv) = NAN_WORD1;
  #ifndef No_Hex_NaN
              if (*s == '(') /*)*/
                hexnan(&rv, &s);
  #endif
              goto ret;
            }
        }
#endif /*} INFNAN_CHECK */
    ret0:
      s    = s00;
      sign = 0;
    }
    goto ret;
  }
  bc.e0 = e1 = e -= nf;

  /* Now we have nd0 digits, starting at s0, followed by a
   * decimal point, followed by nd-nd0 digits.  The number we're
   * after is the integer represented by those digits times
   * 10**e */

  if (!nd0)
    nd0 = nd;
#ifndef USE_BF96
  k         = nd < DBL_DIG + 2 ? nd : DBL_DIG + 2;
  dval(&rv) = y;
  if (k > 9)
  {
  #ifdef SET_INEXACT
    if (k > DBL_DIG)
      oldinexact = get_inexact();
  #endif
    dval(&rv) = tens[k - 9] * dval(&rv) + z;
  }
#endif
  bd0 = nullptr;
  if (nd <= DBL_DIG
#ifndef RND_PRODQUOT
  #ifndef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
      && Flt_Rounds == 1
  #endif
#endif
  )
  {
#ifdef USE_BF96
    dval(&rv) = yz;
#endif
    if (!e)
      goto ret;
#ifndef ROUND_BIASED_without_Round_Up
    if (e > 0)
    {
      if (e <= Ten_pmax)
      {
  #ifdef SET_INEXACT
        bc.inexact = 0;
        oldinexact = 1;
  #endif
  #ifdef VAX
        goto vax_ovfl_check;
  #else
    #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
        /* round correctly FLT_ROUNDS = 2 or 3 */
        if (sign)
        {
          rv.d = -rv.d;
          sign = 0;
        }
    #endif
        /* rv = */ rounded_product(dval(&rv), tens[e]);
        goto ret;
  #endif
      }
      i = DBL_DIG - nd;
      if (e <= Ten_pmax + i)
      {
        /* A fancier test would sometimes let us do
         * this for larger i values.
         */
  #ifdef SET_INEXACT
        bc.inexact = 0;
        oldinexact = 1;
  #endif
  #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
        /* round correctly FLT_ROUNDS = 2 or 3 */
        if (sign)
        {
          rv.d = -rv.d;
          sign = 0;
        }
  #endif
        e -= i;
        dval(&rv) *= tens[i];
  #ifdef VAX
        /* VAX exponent range is so narrow we must
         * worry about overflow here...
         */
      vax_ovfl_check:
        word0(&rv) -= P * Exp_msk1;
        /* rv = */ rounded_product(dval(&rv), tens[e]);
        if ((word0(&rv) & Exp_mask) > Exp_msk1 * (DBL_MAX_EXP + Bias - 1 - P))
          goto ovfl;
        word0(&rv) += P * Exp_msk1;
  #else
        /* rv = */ rounded_product(dval(&rv), tens[e]);
  #endif
        goto ret;
      }
    }
  #ifndef Inaccurate_Divide
    else if (e >= -Ten_pmax)
    {
    #ifdef SET_INEXACT
      bc.inexact = 0;
      oldinexact = 1;
    #endif
    #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
      /* round correctly FLT_ROUNDS = 2 or 3 */
      if (sign)
      {
        rv.d = -rv.d;
        sign = 0;
      }
    #endif
      /* rv = */ rounded_quotient(dval(&rv), tens[-e]);
      goto ret;
    }
  #endif
#endif /* ROUND_BIASED_without_Round_Up */
  }
#ifdef USE_BF96
  k = nd < 19 ? nd : 19;
#endif
  e1 += nd - k; /* scale factor = 10^e1 */

#ifdef IEEE_Arith
  #ifdef SET_INEXACT
  bc.inexact = 1;
    #ifndef USE_BF96
  if (k <= DBL_DIG)
    #endif
    oldinexact = get_inexact();
  #endif
  #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
  if (bc.rounding >= 2)
  {
    if (sign)
      bc.rounding = bc.rounding == 2 ? 0 : 2;
    else if (bc.rounding != 2)
      bc.rounding = 0;
  }
  #endif
#endif /*IEEE_Arith*/

#ifdef USE_BF96 /*{*/
  Debug(++dtoa_stats[0]);
  i = e1 + 342;
  if (i < 0)
    goto undfl;
  if (i > 650)
    goto ovfl;
  p10 = &pten[i];
  brv = yz;
  /* shift brv left, with i =  number of bits shifted */
  i = 0;
  if (!(brv & 0xffffffff00000000ull))
  {
    i = 32;
    brv <<= 32;
  }
  if (!(brv & 0xffff000000000000ull))
  {
    i += 16;
    brv <<= 16;
  }
  if (!(brv & 0xff00000000000000ull))
  {
    i += 8;
    brv <<= 8;
  }
  if (!(brv & 0xf000000000000000ull))
  {
    i += 4;
    brv <<= 4;
  }
  if (!(brv & 0xc000000000000000ull))
  {
    i += 2;
    brv <<= 2;
  }
  if (!(brv & 0x8000000000000000ull))
  {
    i += 1;
    brv <<= 1;
  }
  erv = (64 + 0x3fe) + p10->e - i;
  if (erv <= 0 && nd > 19)
    goto many_digits; /* denormal: may need to look at all digits */
  bhi = brv >> 32;
  blo = brv & 0xffffffffull;
  /* Unsigned 32-bit ints lie in [0,2^32-1] and */
  /* unsigned 64-bit ints lie in [0, 2^64-1].  The product of two unsigned */
  /* 32-bit ints is <= 2^64 - 2*2^32-1 + 1 = 2^64 - 1 - 2*(2^32 - 1), so */
  /* we can add two unsigned 32-bit ints to the product of two such ints, */
  /* and 64 bits suffice to contain the result. */
  t01 = bhi * p10->b1;
  t10 = blo * p10->b0 + (t01 & 0xffffffffull);
  t00 = bhi * p10->b0 + (t01 >> 32) + (t10 >> 32);
  if (t00 & 0x8000000000000000ull)
  {
    if ((t00 & 0x3ff) && (~t00 & 0x3fe))
    { /* unambiguous result? */
      if (nd > 19 && ((t00 + (1 << i) + 2) & 0x400) ^ (t00 & 0x400))
        goto many_digits;
      if (erv <= 0)
        goto denormal;
  #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
      switch (bc.rounding)
      {
        case 0:
          goto noround;
        case 2:
          goto roundup;
      }
  #endif
      if (t00 & 0x400 && t00 & 0xbff)
        goto roundup;
      goto noround;
    }
  }
  else
  {
    if ((t00 & 0x1ff) && (~t00 & 0x1fe))
    { /* unambiguous result? */
      if (nd > 19 && ((t00 + (1 << i) + 2) & 0x200) ^ (t00 & 0x200))
        goto many_digits;
      if (erv <= 1)
        goto denormal1;
  #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
      switch (bc.rounding)
      {
        case 0:
          goto noround1;
        case 2:
          goto roundup1;
      }
  #endif
      if (t00 & 0x200)
        goto roundup1;
      goto noround1;
    }
  }
  /* 3 multiplies did not suffice; try a 96-bit approximation */
  Debug(++dtoa_stats[1]);
  t02    = bhi * p10->b2;
  t11    = blo * p10->b1 + (t02 & 0xffffffffull);
  bexact = 1;
  if (e1 < 0 || e1 > 41 || (t10 | t11) & 0xffffffffull || nd > 19)
    bexact = 0;
  tlo = (t10 & 0xffffffffull) + (t02 >> 32) + (t11 >> 32);
  if (!bexact && (tlo + 0x10) >> 32 > tlo >> 32)
    goto many_digits;
  t00 += tlo >> 32;
  if (t00 & 0x8000000000000000ull)
  {
    if (erv <= 0)
    { /* denormal result */
      if (nd >= 20 || !((tlo & 0xfffffff0) | (t00 & 0x3ff)))
        goto many_digits;
    denormal:
      if (erv <= -52)
      {
  #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
        switch (bc.rounding)
        {
          case 0:
            goto undfl;
          case 2:
            goto tiniest;
        }
  #endif
        if (erv < -52 || !(t00 & 0x7fffffffffffffffull))
          goto undfl;
        goto tiniest;
      }
      tg = 1ull << (11 - erv);
      t00 &= ~(tg - 1); /* clear low bits */
  #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
      switch (bc.rounding)
      {
        case 0:
          goto noround_den;
        case 2:
          goto roundup_den;
      }
  #endif
      if (t00 & tg)
      {
  #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
      roundup_den:
  #endif
        t00 += tg << 1;
        if (!(t00 & 0x8000000000000000ull))
        {
          if (++erv > 0)
            goto smallest_normal;
          t00 = 0x8000000000000000ull;
        }
      }
  #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
    noround_den:
  #endif
      LLval(&rv) = t00 >> (12 - erv);
      Set_errno(ERANGE);
      goto ret;
    }
    if (bexact)
    {
  #ifdef SET_INEXACT
      if (!(t00 & 0x7ff) && !(tlo & 0xffffffffull))
      {
        bc.inexact = 0;
        goto noround;
      }
  #endif
  #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
      switch (bc.rounding)
      {
        case 2:
          if (t00 & 0x7ff)
            goto roundup;
        case 0:
          goto noround;
      }
  #endif
      if (t00 & 0x400 && (tlo & 0xffffffff) | (t00 & 0xbff))
        goto roundup;
      goto noround;
    }
    if ((tlo & 0xfffffff0) | (t00 & 0x3ff)
        && (nd <= 19
            || ((t00 + (1ull << i)) & 0xfffffffffffffc00ull) == (t00 & 0xfffffffffffffc00ull)))
    {
      /* Unambiguous result. */
      /* If nd > 19, then incrementing the 19th digit */
      /* does not affect rv. */
  #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
      switch (bc.rounding)
      {
        case 0:
          goto noround;
        case 2:
          goto roundup;
      }
  #endif
      if (t00 & 0x400)
      { /* round up */
      roundup:
        t00 += 0x800;
        if (!(t00 & 0x8000000000000000ull))
        {
          /* rounded up to a power of 2 */
          if (erv >= 0x7fe)
            goto ovfl;
          terv       = erv + 1;
          LLval(&rv) = terv << 52;
          goto ret;
        }
      }
    noround:
      if (erv >= 0x7ff)
        goto ovfl;
      terv       = erv;
      LLval(&rv) = (terv << 52) | ((t00 & 0x7ffffffffffff800ull) >> 11);
      goto ret;
    }
  }
  else
  {
    if (erv <= 1)
    { /* denormal result */
      if (nd >= 20 || !((tlo & 0xfffffff0) | (t00 & 0x1ff)))
        goto many_digits;
    denormal1:
      if (erv <= -51)
      {
  #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
        switch (bc.rounding)
        {
          case 0:
            goto undfl;
          case 2:
            goto tiniest;
        }
  #endif
        if (erv < -51 || !(t00 & 0x3fffffffffffffffull))
          goto undfl;
      tiniest:
        LLval(&rv) = 1;
        Set_errno(ERANGE);
        goto ret;
      }
      tg = 1ull << (11 - erv);
  #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
      switch (bc.rounding)
      {
        case 0:
          goto noround1_den;
        case 2:
          goto roundup1_den;
      }
  #endif
      if (t00 & tg)
      {
  #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
      roundup1_den:
  #endif
        if (0x8000000000000000ull & (t00 += (tg << 1)) && erv == 1)
        {

        smallest_normal:
          LLval(&rv) = 0x0010000000000000ull;
          goto ret;
        }
      }
  #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
    noround1_den:
  #endif
      if (erv <= -52)
        goto undfl;
      LLval(&rv) = t00 >> (12 - erv);
      Set_errno(ERANGE);
      goto ret;
    }
    if (bexact)
    {
  #ifdef SET_INEXACT
      if (!(t00 & 0x3ff) && !(tlo & 0xffffffffull))
      {
        bc.inexact = 0;
        goto noround1;
      }
  #endif
  #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
      switch (bc.rounding)
      {
        case 2:
          if (t00 & 0x3ff)
            goto roundup1;
        case 0:
          goto noround1;
      }
  #endif
      if (t00 & 0x200 && (t00 & 0x5ff || tlo))
        goto roundup1;
      goto noround1;
    }
    if ((tlo & 0xfffffff0) | (t00 & 0x1ff)
        && (nd <= 19
            || ((t00 + (1ull << i)) & 0x7ffffffffffffe00ull) == (t00 & 0x7ffffffffffffe00ull)))
    {
      /* Unambiguous result. */
  #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
      switch (bc.rounding)
      {
        case 0:
          goto noround1;
        case 2:
          goto roundup1;
      }
  #endif
      if (t00 & 0x200)
      { /* round up */
      roundup1:
        t00 += 0x400;
        if (!(t00 & 0x4000000000000000ull))
        {
          /* rounded up to a power of 2 */
          if (erv >= 0x7ff)
            goto ovfl;
          terv       = erv;
          LLval(&rv) = terv << 52;
          goto ret;
        }
      }
    noround1:
      if (erv >= 0x800)
        goto ovfl;
      terv       = erv - 1;
      LLval(&rv) = (terv << 52) | ((t00 & 0x3ffffffffffffc00ull) >> 10);
      goto ret;
    }
  }
many_digits:
  Debug(++dtoa_stats[2]);
  if (nd > 17)
  {
    if (nd > 18)
    {
      yz /= 100;
      e1 += 2;
    }
    else
    {
      yz /= 10;
      e1 += 1;
    }
    y = ULong(yz / 100000000);
  }
  else if (nd > 9)
  {
    i = nd - 9;
    y = ULong((yz >> i) / pfive[i - 1]);
  }
  else
    y = ULong(yz);
  dval(&rv) = yz;
#endif /*}*/

#ifdef IEEE_Arith
  #ifdef Avoid_Underflow
  bc.scale = 0;
  #endif
#endif /*IEEE_Arith*/

  /* Get starting approximation = rv * 10**e1 */

  if (e1 > 0)
  {
    if ((i = e1 & 15))
      dval(&rv) *= tens[i];
    if (e1 &= ~15)
    {
      if (e1 > DBL_MAX_10_EXP)
      {
      ovfl:
        /* Can't trust HUGE_VAL */
#ifdef IEEE_Arith
  #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
        switch (bc.rounding)
        {
          case 0: /* toward 0 */
          case 3: /* toward -infinity */
            word0(&rv) = Big0;
            word1(&rv) = Big1;
            break;
          default:
            word0(&rv) = Exp_mask;
            word1(&rv) = 0;
        }
  #else  /*Honor_FLT_ROUNDS*/
        word0(&rv) = Exp_mask;
        word1(&rv) = 0;
  #endif /*Honor_FLT_ROUNDS*/
  #ifdef SET_INEXACT
        /* set overflow bit */
        dval(&rv0) = 1e300;
        dval(&rv0) *= dval(&rv0);
  #endif
#else  /*IEEE_Arith*/
        word0(&rv) = Big0;
        word1(&rv) = Big1;
#endif /*IEEE_Arith*/
      range_err:
        if (bd0)
        {
          Bfree(bb MTb);
          Bfree(bd MTb);
          Bfree(bs MTb);
          Bfree(bd0 MTb);
          Bfree(delta MTb);
        }
        Set_errno(ERANGE);
        goto ret;
      }
      e1 >>= 4;
      for (j = 0; e1 > 1; j++, e1 >>= 1)
        if (e1 & 1)
          dval(&rv) *= bigtens[j];
      /* The last multiplication could overflow. */
      word0(&rv) -= P * Exp_msk1;
      dval(&rv) *= bigtens[j];
      if ((z = word0(&rv) & Exp_mask) > Exp_msk1 * (DBL_MAX_EXP + Bias - P))
        goto ovfl;
      if (z > Exp_msk1 * (DBL_MAX_EXP + Bias - 1 - P))
      {
        /* set to largest number */
        /* (Can't trust DBL_MAX) */
        word0(&rv) = Big0;
        word1(&rv) = Big1;
      }
      else
        word0(&rv) += P * Exp_msk1;
    }
  }
  else if (e1 < 0)
  {
    e1 = -e1;
    if ((i = e1 & 15))
      dval(&rv) /= tens[i];
    if (e1 >>= 4)
    {
      if (e1 >= 1 << n_bigtens)
        goto undfl;
#ifdef Avoid_Underflow
      if (e1 & Scale_Bit)
        bc.scale = 2 * P;
      for (j = 0; e1 > 0; j++, e1 >>= 1)
        if (e1 & 1)
          dval(&rv) *= tinytens[j];
      if (bc.scale && (j = 2 * P + 1 - ((word0(&rv) & Exp_mask) >> Exp_shift)) > 0)
      {
        /* scaled rv is denormal; clear j low bits */
        if (j >= 32)
        {
          if (j > 54)
            goto undfl;
          word1(&rv) = 0;
          if (j >= 53)
            word0(&rv) = (P + 2) * Exp_msk1;
          else
            word0(&rv) &= 0xffffffff << (j - 32);
        }
        else
          word1(&rv) &= 0xffffffff << j;
      }
#else
      for (j = 0; e1 > 1; j++, e1 >>= 1)
        if (e1 & 1)
          dval(&rv) *= tinytens[j];
      /* The last multiplication could underflow. */
      dval(&rv0) = dval(&rv);
      dval(&rv) *= tinytens[j];
      if (!dval(&rv))
      {
        dval(&rv) = 2. * dval(&rv0);
        dval(&rv) *= tinytens[j];
#endif
      if (!dval(&rv))
      {
      undfl:
        dval(&rv) = 0.;
#ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
        if (bc.rounding == 2)
          word1(&rv) = 1;
#endif
        goto range_err;
      }
#ifndef Avoid_Underflow
      word0(&rv) = Tiny0;
      word1(&rv) = Tiny1;
      /* The refinement below will clean
       * this approximation up.
       */
    }
#endif
  }
}

/* Now the hard part -- adjusting rv to the correct value.*/

/* Put digits into bd: true value = bd * 10^e */

bc.nd = nd - nz1;
#ifndef NO_STRTOD_BIGCOMP
bc.nd0 = nd0; /* Only needed if nd > strtod_diglim, but done here */
/* to silence an erroneous warning about bc.nd0 */
/* possibly not being initialized. */
if (nd > strtod_diglim)
{
  /* ASSERT(strtod_diglim >= 18); 18 == one more than the */
  /* minimum number of decimal digits to distinguish double values */
  /* in IEEE arithmetic. */
  i = j = 18;
  if (i > nd0)
    j += bc.dplen;
  for (;;)
  {
    if (--j < bc.dp1 && j >= bc.dp0)
      j = bc.dp0 - 1;
    if (s0[j] != '0')
      break;
    --i;
  }
  e += nd - i;
  nd = i;
  if (nd0 > nd)
    nd0 = nd;
  if (nd < 9)
  { /* must recompute y */
    y = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < nd0; ++i)
      y = 10 * y + s0[i] - '0';
    for (j = bc.dp1; i < nd; ++i)
      y = 10 * y + s0[j++] - '0';
  }
}
#endif
bd0 = s2b(s0, nd0, nd, y, bc.dplen MTb);

for (;;)
{
  bd = Balloc(bd0->k MTb);
  Bcopy(bd, bd0);
  bb = d2b(&rv, &bbe, &bbbits MTb); /* rv = bb * 2^bbe */
  bs = i2b(1 MTb);

  if (e >= 0)
  {
    bb2 = bb5 = 0;
    bd2 = bd5 = e;
  }
  else
  {
    bb2 = bb5 = -e;
    bd2 = bd5 = 0;
  }
  if (bbe >= 0)
    bb2 += bbe;
  else
    bd2 -= bbe;
  bs2 = bb2;
#ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
  if (bc.rounding != 1)
    bs2++;
#endif
#ifdef Avoid_Underflow
  Lsb  = LSB;
  Lsb1 = 0;
  j    = bbe - bc.scale;
  i    = j + bbbits - 1; /* logb(rv) */
  j    = P + 1 - bbbits;
  if (i < Emin)
  { /* denormal */
    i = Emin - i;
    j -= i;
    if (i < 32)
      Lsb <<= i;
    else if (i < 52)
      Lsb1 = Lsb << (i - 32);
    else
      Lsb1 = Exp_mask;
  }
#else /*Avoid_Underflow*/
  #ifdef Sudden_Underflow
    #ifdef IBM
      j = 1 + 4 * P - 3 - bbbits + ((bbe + bbbits - 1) & 3);
    #else
      j = P + 1 - bbbits;
    #endif
  #else  /*Sudden_Underflow*/
      j = bbe;
      i = j + bbbits - 1; /* logb(rv) */
      if (i < Emin)       /* denormal */
        j += P - Emin;
      else
        j = P + 1 - bbbits;
  #endif /*Sudden_Underflow*/
#endif   /*Avoid_Underflow*/
  bb2 += j;
  bd2 += j;
#ifdef Avoid_Underflow
  bd2 += bc.scale;
#endif
  i = bb2 < bd2 ? bb2 : bd2;
  if (i > bs2)
    i = bs2;
  if (i > 0)
  {
    bb2 -= i;
    bd2 -= i;
    bs2 -= i;
  }
  if (bb5 > 0)
  {
    bs  = pow5mult(bs, bb5 MTb);
    bb1 = mult(bs, bb MTb);
    Bfree(bb MTb);
    bb = bb1;
  }
  if (bb2 > 0)
    bb = lshift(bb, bb2 MTb);
  if (bd5 > 0)
    bd = pow5mult(bd, bd5 MTb);
  if (bd2 > 0)
    bd = lshift(bd, bd2 MTb);
  if (bs2 > 0)
    bs = lshift(bs, bs2 MTb);
  delta       = diff(bb, bd MTb);
  bc.dsign    = delta->sign;
  delta->sign = 0;
  i           = cmp(delta, bs);
#ifndef NO_STRTOD_BIGCOMP /*{*/
  if (bc.nd > nd && i <= 0)
  {
    if (bc.dsign)
    {
      /* Must use bigcomp(). */
      req_bigcomp = 1;
      break;
    }
  #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
    if (bc.rounding != 1)
    {
      if (i < 0)
      {
        req_bigcomp = 1;
        break;
      }
    }
    else
  #endif
      i = -1; /* Discarded digits make delta smaller. */
  }
#endif                  /*}*/
#ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS /*{*/
  if (bc.rounding != 1)
  {
    if (i < 0)
    {
      /* Error is less than an ulp */
      if (!delta->x[0] && delta->wds <= 1)
      {
        /* exact */
  #ifdef SET_INEXACT
        bc.inexact = 0;
  #endif
        break;
      }
      if (bc.rounding)
      {
        if (bc.dsign)
        {
          adj.d = 1.;
          goto apply_adj;
        }
      }
      else if (!bc.dsign)
      {
        adj.d = -1.;
        if (!word1(&rv) && !(word0(&rv) & Frac_mask))
        {
          y = word0(&rv) & Exp_mask;
  #ifdef Avoid_Underflow
          if (!bc.scale || y > 2 * P * Exp_msk1)
  #else
          if (y)
  #endif
          {
            delta = lshift(delta, Log2P MTb);
            if (cmp(delta, bs) <= 0)
              adj.d = -0.5;
          }
        }
      apply_adj:
  #ifdef Avoid_Underflow /*{*/
        if (bc.scale && (y = word0(&rv) & Exp_mask) <= 2 * P * Exp_msk1)
          word0(&adj) += (2 * P + 1) * Exp_msk1 - y;
  #else
    #ifdef Sudden_Underflow
        if ((word0(&rv) & Exp_mask) <= P * Exp_msk1)
        {
          word0(&rv) += P * Exp_msk1;
          dval(&rv) += adj.d * ulp(dval(&rv));
          word0(&rv) -= P * Exp_msk1;
        }
        else
    #endif /*Sudden_Underflow*/
  #endif   /*Avoid_Underflow}*/
        dval(&rv) += adj.d * ulp(&rv);
      }
      break;
    }
    adj.d = ratio(delta, bs);
    if (adj.d < 1.)
      adj.d = 1.;
    if (adj.d <= 0x7ffffffe)
    {
      /* adj = rounding ? ceil(adj) : floor(adj); */
      y = adj.d;
      if (y != adj.d)
      {
        if (!((bc.rounding >> 1) ^ bc.dsign))
          y++;
        adj.d = y;
      }
    }
  #ifdef Avoid_Underflow /*{*/
    if (bc.scale && (y = word0(&rv) & Exp_mask) <= 2 * P * Exp_msk1)
      word0(&adj) += (2 * P + 1) * Exp_msk1 - y;
  #else
    #ifdef Sudden_Underflow
    if ((word0(&rv) & Exp_mask) <= P * Exp_msk1)
    {
      word0(&rv) += P * Exp_msk1;
      adj.d *= ulp(dval(&rv));
      if (bc.dsign)
        dval(&rv) += adj.d;
      else
        dval(&rv) -= adj.d;
      word0(&rv) -= P * Exp_msk1;
      goto cont;
    }
    #endif /*Sudden_Underflow*/
  #endif   /*Avoid_Underflow}*/
    adj.d *= ulp(&rv);
    if (bc.dsign)
    {
      if (word0(&rv) == Big0 && word1(&rv) == Big1)
        goto ovfl;
      dval(&rv) += adj.d;
    }
    else
      dval(&rv) -= adj.d;
    goto cont;
  }
#endif /*}Honor_FLT_ROUNDS*/

  if (i < 0)
  {
    /* Error is less than half an ulp -- check for
     * special case of mantissa a power of two.
     */
    if (bc.dsign || word1(&rv) || word0(&rv) & Bndry_mask
#ifdef IEEE_Arith /*{*/
  #ifdef Avoid_Underflow
        || (word0(&rv) & Exp_mask) <= (2 * P + 1) * Exp_msk1
  #else
        || (word0(&rv) & Exp_mask) <= Exp_msk1
  #endif
#endif /*}*/
    )
    {
#ifdef SET_INEXACT
      if (!delta->x[0] && delta->wds <= 1)
        bc.inexact = 0;
#endif
      break;
    }
    if (!delta->x[0] && delta->wds <= 1)
    {
      /* exact result */
#ifdef SET_INEXACT
      bc.inexact = 0;
#endif
      break;
    }
    delta = lshift(delta, Log2P MTb);
    if (cmp(delta, bs) > 0)
      goto drop_down;
    break;
  }
  if (i == 0)
  {
    /* exactly half-way between */
    if (bc.dsign)
    {
      if ((word0(&rv) & Bndry_mask1) == Bndry_mask1
          && word1(&rv)
               == (
#ifdef Avoid_Underflow
                 (bc.scale && (y = word0(&rv) & Exp_mask) <= 2 * P * Exp_msk1)
                   ? (0xffffffff & (0xffffffff << (2 * P + 1 - (y >> Exp_shift))))
                   :
#endif
                   0xffffffff))
      {
        /*boundary case -- increment exponent*/
        if (word0(&rv) == Big0 && word1(&rv) == Big1)
          goto ovfl;
        word0(&rv) = (word0(&rv) & Exp_mask) + Exp_msk1
#ifdef IBM
                     | Exp_msk1 >> 4
#endif
          ;
        word1(&rv) = 0;
#ifdef Avoid_Underflow
        bc.dsign = 0;
#endif
        break;
      }
    }
    else if (!(word0(&rv) & Bndry_mask) && !word1(&rv))
    {
    drop_down:
      /* boundary case -- decrement exponent */
#ifdef Sudden_Underflow /*{{*/
      L = word0(&rv) & Exp_mask;
  #ifdef IBM
      if (L < Exp_msk1)
  #else
    #ifdef Avoid_Underflow
      if (L <= (bc.scale ? (2 * P + 1) * Exp_msk1 : Exp_msk1))
    #else
      if (L <= Exp_msk1)
    #endif /*Avoid_Underflow*/
  #endif   /*IBM*/
      {
        if (bc.nd > nd)
        {
          bc.uflchk = 1;
          break;
        }
        goto undfl;
      }
      L -= Exp_msk1;
#else /*Sudden_Underflow}{*/
  #ifdef Avoid_Underflow
          if (bc.scale)
          {
            L = word0(&rv) & Exp_mask;
            if (L <= (2 * P + 1) * Exp_msk1)
            {
              if (L > (P + 2) * Exp_msk1)
                /* round even ==> */
                /* accept rv */
                break;
              /* rv = smallest denormal */
              if (bc.nd > nd)
              {
                bc.uflchk = 1;
                break;
              }
              goto undfl;
            }
          }
  #endif /*Avoid_Underflow*/
          L = (word0(&rv) & Exp_mask) - Exp_msk1;
#endif   /*Sudden_Underflow}}*/
      word0(&rv) = L | Bndry_mask1;
      word1(&rv) = 0xffffffff;
#ifdef IBM
      goto cont;
#else
  #ifndef NO_STRTOD_BIGCOMP
          if (bc.nd > nd)
            goto cont;
  #endif
          break;
#endif
    }
#ifndef ROUND_BIASED
  #ifdef Avoid_Underflow
    if (Lsb1)
    {
      if (!(word0(&rv) & Lsb1))
        break;
    }
    else if (!(word1(&rv) & Lsb))
      break;
  #else
    if (!(word1(&rv) & LSB))
      break;
  #endif
#endif
    if (bc.dsign)
#ifdef Avoid_Underflow
      dval(&rv) += sulp(&rv, &bc);
#else
          dval(&rv) += ulp(&rv);
#endif
#ifndef ROUND_BIASED
    else
    {
  #ifdef Avoid_Underflow
      dval(&rv) -= sulp(&rv, &bc);
  #else
      dval(&rv) -= ulp(&rv);
  #endif
  #ifndef Sudden_Underflow
      if (!dval(&rv))
      {
        if (bc.nd > nd)
        {
          bc.uflchk = 1;
          break;
        }
        goto undfl;
      }
  #endif
    }
  #ifdef Avoid_Underflow
    bc.dsign = 1 - bc.dsign;
  #endif
#endif
    break;
  }
  if ((aadj = ratio(delta, bs)) <= 2.)
  {
    if (bc.dsign)
      aadj = aadj1 = 1.;
    else if (word1(&rv) || word0(&rv) & Bndry_mask)
    {
#ifndef Sudden_Underflow
      if (word1(&rv) == Tiny1 && !word0(&rv))
      {
        if (bc.nd > nd)
        {
          bc.uflchk = 1;
          break;
        }
        goto undfl;
      }
#endif
      aadj  = 1.;
      aadj1 = -1.;
    }
    else
    {
      /* special case -- power of FLT_RADIX to be */
      /* rounded down... */

      if (aadj < 2. / FLT_RADIX)
        aadj = 1. / FLT_RADIX;
      else
        aadj *= 0.5;
      aadj1 = -aadj;
    }
  }
  else
  {
    aadj *= 0.5;
    aadj1 = bc.dsign ? aadj : -aadj;
#ifdef Check_FLT_ROUNDS
    switch (bc.rounding)
    {
      case 2: /* towards +infinity */
        aadj1 -= 0.5;
        break;
      case 0: /* towards 0 */
      case 3: /* towards -infinity */
        aadj1 += 0.5;
    }
#else
        if (Flt_Rounds == 0)
          aadj1 += 0.5;
#endif /*Check_FLT_ROUNDS*/
  }
  y = word0(&rv) & Exp_mask;

  /* Check for overflow */

  if (y == Exp_msk1 * (DBL_MAX_EXP + Bias - 1))
  {
    dval(&rv0) = dval(&rv);
    word0(&rv) -= P * Exp_msk1;
    adj.d = aadj1 * ulp(&rv);
    dval(&rv) += adj.d;
    if ((word0(&rv) & Exp_mask) >= Exp_msk1 * (DBL_MAX_EXP + Bias - P))
    {
      if (word0(&rv0) == Big0 && word1(&rv0) == Big1)
        goto ovfl;
      word0(&rv) = Big0;
      word1(&rv) = Big1;
      goto cont;
    }
    else
      word0(&rv) += P * Exp_msk1;
  }
  else
  {
#ifdef Avoid_Underflow
    if (bc.scale && y <= 2 * P * Exp_msk1)
    {
      if (aadj <= 0x7fffffff)
      {
        if ((z = aadj) <= 0)
          z = 1;
        aadj  = z;
        aadj1 = bc.dsign ? aadj : -aadj;
      }
      dval(&aadj2) = aadj1;
      word0(&aadj2) += (2 * P + 1) * Exp_msk1 - y;
      aadj1 = dval(&aadj2);
      adj.d = aadj1 * ulp(&rv);
      dval(&rv) += adj.d;
      if (rv.d == 0.)
  #ifdef NO_STRTOD_BIGCOMP
        goto undfl;
  #else
      {
        req_bigcomp = 1;
        break;
      }
  #endif
    }
    else
    {
      adj.d = aadj1 * ulp(&rv);
      dval(&rv) += adj.d;
    }
#else
  #ifdef Sudden_Underflow
        if ((word0(&rv) & Exp_mask) <= P * Exp_msk1)
        {
          dval(&rv0) = dval(&rv);
          word0(&rv) += P * Exp_msk1;
          adj.d = aadj1 * ulp(&rv);
          dval(&rv) += adj.d;
    #ifdef IBM
          if ((word0(&rv) & Exp_mask) < P * Exp_msk1)
    #else
          if ((word0(&rv) & Exp_mask) <= P * Exp_msk1)
    #endif
          {
            if (word0(&rv0) == Tiny0 && word1(&rv0) == Tiny1)
            {
              if (bc.nd > nd)
              {
                bc.uflchk = 1;
                break;
              }
              goto undfl;
            }
            word0(&rv) = Tiny0;
            word1(&rv) = Tiny1;
            goto cont;
          }
          else
            word0(&rv) -= P * Exp_msk1;
        }
        else
        {
          adj.d = aadj1 * ulp(&rv);
          dval(&rv) += adj.d;
        }
  #else  /*Sudden_Underflow*/
        /* Compute adj so that the IEEE rounding rules will
         * correctly round rv + adj in some half-way cases.
         * If rv * ulp(rv) is denormalized (i.e.,
         * y <= (P-1)*Exp_msk1), we must adjust aadj to avoid
         * trouble from bits lost to denormalization;
         * example: 1.2e-307 .
         */
        if (y <= (P - 1) * Exp_msk1 && aadj > 1.)
        {
          aadj1 = (double)(int)(aadj + 0.5);
          if (!bc.dsign)
            aadj1 = -aadj1;
        }
        adj.d = aadj1 * ulp(&rv);
        dval(&rv) += adj.d;
  #endif /*Sudden_Underflow*/
#endif   /*Avoid_Underflow*/
  }
  z = word0(&rv) & Exp_mask;
#ifndef SET_INEXACT
  if (bc.nd == nd)
  {
  #ifdef Avoid_Underflow
    if (!bc.scale)
  #endif
      if (y == z)
      {
        /* Can we stop now? */
        L = (Long)aadj;
        aadj -= L;
        /* The tolerances below are conservative. */
        if (bc.dsign || word1(&rv) || word0(&rv) & Bndry_mask)
        {
          if (aadj < .4999999 || aadj > .5000001)
            break;
        }
        else if (aadj < .4999999 / FLT_RADIX)
          break;
      }
  }
#endif
cont:
  Bfree(bb MTb);
  Bfree(bd MTb);
  Bfree(bs MTb);
  Bfree(delta MTb);
}
Bfree(bb MTb);
Bfree(bd MTb);
Bfree(bs MTb);
Bfree(bd0 MTb);
Bfree(delta MTb);
#ifndef NO_STRTOD_BIGCOMP
if (req_bigcomp)
{
  bd0 = nullptr;
  bc.e0 += nz1;
  bigcomp(&rv, s0, &bc MTb);
  y = word0(&rv) & Exp_mask;
  if (y == Exp_mask)
    goto ovfl;
  if (y == 0 && rv.d == 0.)
    goto undfl;
}
#endif
#ifdef Avoid_Underflow
if (bc.scale)
{
  word0(&rv0) = Exp_1 - 2 * P * Exp_msk1;
  word1(&rv0) = 0;
  dval(&rv) *= dval(&rv0);
  #ifndef NO_ERRNO
    /* try to avoid the bug of testing an 8087 register value */
    #ifdef IEEE_Arith
  if (!(word0(&rv) & Exp_mask))
    #else
  if (word0(&rv) == 0 && word1(&rv) == 0)
    #endif
    Set_errno(ERANGE);
  #endif
}
#endif /* Avoid_Underflow */
ret:
#ifdef SET_INEXACT
  if (bc.inexact)
{
  if (!(word0(&rv) & Exp_mask))
  {
    /* set underflow and inexact bits */
    dval(&rv0) = 1e-300;
    dval(&rv0) *= dval(&rv0);
  }
  else if (!oldinexact)
  {
    word0(&rv0) = Exp_1 + (70 << Exp_shift);
    word1(&rv0) = 0;
    dval(&rv0) += 1.;
  }
}
else if (!oldinexact) clear_inexact();
#endif
if (se)
  *se = (char*)s;
return sign ? -dval(&rv) : dval(&rv);
}

// disable dtoa() and related functions
#ifndef DISABLE_DTOA

  #ifndef MULTIPLE_THREADS
static char* dtoa_result;
  #endif

static char* rv_alloc(int i MTd)
{
  int j, k, *r;

  j = sizeof(ULong);
  for (k = 0; sizeof(Bigint) - sizeof(ULong) - sizeof(int) + j <= i; j <<= 1)
    k++;
  r  = (int*)Balloc(k MTa);
  *r = k;
  return
  #ifndef MULTIPLE_THREADS
    dtoa_result =
  #endif
      (char*)(r + 1);
}

static char* nrv_alloc(const char* s, char* s0, size_t s0len, char** rve, int n MTd)
{
  char *rv, *t;

  if (!s0)
    s0 = rv_alloc(n MTa);
  else if (s0len <= n)
  {
    rv = 0;
    t  = rv + n;
    goto rve_chk;
  }
  t = rv = s0;
  while ((*t = *s++))
    ++t;
rve_chk:
  if (rve)
    *rve = t;
  return rv;
}

/* freedtoa(s) must be used to free values s returned by dtoa
 * when MULTIPLE_THREADS is #defined.  It should be used in all cases,
 * but for consistency with earlier versions of dtoa, it is optional
 * when MULTIPLE_THREADS is not defined.
 */

void freedtoa(char* s)
{
  #ifdef MULTIPLE_THREADS
  ThInfo* TI = 0;
  #endif
  Bigint* b = (Bigint*)((int*)s - 1);
  b->maxwds = 1 << (b->k = *(int*)b);
  Bfree(b MTb);
  #ifndef MULTIPLE_THREADS
  if (s == dtoa_result)
    dtoa_result = 0;
  #endif
}

/* dtoa for IEEE arithmetic (dmg): convert double to ASCII string.
 *
 * Inspired by "How to Print Floating-Point Numbers Accurately" by
 * Guy L. Steele, Jr. and Jon L. White [Proc. ACM SIGPLAN '90, pp. 112-126].
 *
 * Modifications:
 *	1. Rather than iterating, we use a simple numeric overestimate
 *	   to determine k = floor(log10(d)).  We scale relevant
 *	   quantities using O(log2(k)) rather than O(k) multiplications.
 *	2. For some modes > 2 (corresponding to ecvt and fcvt), we don't
 *	   try to generate digits strictly left to right.  Instead, we
 *	   compute with fewer bits and propagate the carry if necessary
 *	   when rounding the final digit up.  This is often faster.
 *	3. Under the assumption that input will be rounded nearest,
 *	   mode 0 renders 1e23 as 1e23 rather than 9.999999999999999e22.
 *	   That is, we allow equality in stopping tests when the
 *	   round-nearest rule will give the same floating-point value
 *	   as would satisfaction of the stopping test with strict
 *	   inequality.
 *	4. We remove common factors of powers of 2 from relevant
 *	   quantities.
 *	5. When converting floating-point integers less than 1e16,
 *	   we use floating-point arithmetic rather than resorting
 *	   to multiple-precision integers.
 *	6. When asked to produce fewer than 15 digits, we first try
 *	   to get by with floating-point arithmetic; we resort to
 *	   multiple-precision integer arithmetic only if we cannot
 *	   guarantee that the floating-point calculation has given
 *	   the correctly rounded result.  For k requested digits and
 *	   "uniformly" distributed input, the probability is
 *	   something like 10^(k-15) that we must resort to the Long
 *	   calculation.
 */

char* dtoa_r(double dd,
             int    mode,
             int    ndigits,
             int*   decpt,
             int*   sign,
             char** rve,
             char*  buf,
             size_t blen)
{
  /*	Arguments ndigits, decpt, sign are similar to those
     of ecvt and fcvt; trailing zeros are suppressed from
     the returned string.  If not null, *rve is set to point
     to the end of the return value.  If d is +-Infinity or NaN,
     then *decpt is set to 9999.

     mode:
         0 ==> shortest string that yields d when read in
             and rounded to nearest.
         1 ==> like 0, but with Steele & White stopping rule;
             e.g. with IEEE P754 arithmetic , mode 0 gives
             1e23 whereas mode 1 gives 9.999999999999999e22.
         2 ==> max(1,ndigits) significant digits.  This gives a
             return value similar to that of ecvt, except
             that trailing zeros are suppressed.
         3 ==> through ndigits past the decimal point.  This
             gives a return value similar to that from fcvt,
             except that trailing zeros are suppressed, and
             ndigits can be negative.
         4,5 ==> similar to 2 and 3, respectively, but (in
             round-nearest mode) with the tests of mode 0 to
             possibly return a shorter string that rounds to d.
             With IEEE arithmetic and compilation with
             -DHonor_FLT_ROUNDS, modes 4 and 5 behave the same
             as modes 2 and 3 when FLT_ROUNDS != 1.
         6-9 ==> Debugging modes similar to mode - 4:  don't try
             fast floating-point estimate (if applicable).

         Values of mode other than 0-9 are treated as mode 0.

     When not NULL, buf is an output buffer of length blen, which must
     be large enough to accommodate suppressed trailing zeros and a trailing
     null byte.  If blen is too small, rv = NULL is returned, in which case
     if rve is not NULL, a subsequent call with blen >= (*rve - rv) + 1
     should succeed in returning buf.

     When buf is NULL, sufficient space is allocated for the return value,
     which, when done using, the caller should pass to freedtoa().

     USE_BF is automatically defined when neither NO_LONG_LONG nor NO_BF96
     is defined.
     */

  #ifdef MULTIPLE_THREADS
  ThInfo* TI = 0;
  #endif
  int bbits, b2, b5, be, dig, i, ilim, ilim1, j, j1, k, leftright, m2, m5, s2, s5, spec_case;
  #ifndef Sudden_Underflow
  int denorm;
  #endif
  Bigint *b, *b1, *delta, *mlo, *mhi, *S;
  U       u;
  char*   s;
  #ifdef SET_INEXACT
  int inexact, oldinexact;
  #endif
  #ifdef USE_BF96 /*{{*/
  BF96*  p10;
  ULLong dbhi, dbits, dblo, den, hb, rb, rblo, res, res0, res3, reslo, sres, sulp, tv0, tv1, tv2,
    tv3, ulp, ulplo, ulpmask, ures, ureslo, zb;
  int eulp, k1, n2, ulpadj, ulpshift;
  #else /*}{*/
    #ifndef Sudden_Underflow
  ULong x;
    #endif
  Long   L;
  U      d2, eps;
  double ds;
  int    ieps, ilim0, k0, k_check, try_quick;
    #ifndef No_leftright
      #ifdef IEEE_Arith
  U eps1;
      #endif
    #endif
  #endif                  /*}}*/
  #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS /*{*/
  int Rounding;
    #ifdef Trust_FLT_ROUNDS /*{{ only define this if FLT_ROUNDS really works! */
  Rounding = Flt_Rounds;
    #else  /*}{*/
  Rounding = 1;
  switch (fegetround())
  {
    case FE_TOWARDZERO:
      Rounding = 0;
      break;
    case FE_UPWARD:
      Rounding = 2;
      break;
    case FE_DOWNWARD:
      Rounding = 3;
  }
    #endif /*}}*/
  #endif   /*}*/

  u.d = dd;
  if (word0(&u) & Sign_bit)
  {
    /* set sign for everything, including 0's and NaNs */
    *sign = 1;
    word0(&u) &= ~Sign_bit; /* clear sign bit */
  }
  else
    *sign = 0;

  #if defined(IEEE_Arith) + defined(VAX)
    #ifdef IEEE_Arith
  if ((word0(&u) & Exp_mask) == Exp_mask)
    #else
  if (word0(&u) == 0x8000)
    #endif
  {
    /* Infinity or NaN */
    *decpt = 9999;
    #ifdef IEEE_Arith
    if (!word1(&u) && !(word0(&u) & 0xfffff))
      return nrv_alloc("Infinity", buf, blen, rve, 8 MTb);
    #endif
    return nrv_alloc("NaN", buf, blen, rve, 3 MTb);
  }
  #endif
  #ifdef IBM
  dval(&u) += 0; /* normalize */
  #endif
  if (!dval(&u))
  {
    *decpt = 1;
    return nrv_alloc("0", buf, blen, rve, 1 MTb);
  }

  #ifdef SET_INEXACT
    #ifndef USE_BF96
  try_quick =
    #endif
    oldinexact = get_inexact();
  inexact      = 1;
  #endif
  #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
  if (Rounding >= 2)
  {
    if (*sign)
      Rounding = Rounding == 2 ? 0 : 2;
    else if (Rounding != 2)
      Rounding = 0;
  }
  #endif
  #ifdef USE_BF96                            /*{{*/
  dbits = (u.LL & 0xfffffffffffffull) << 11; /* fraction bits */
  if ((be = u.LL >> 52))                     /* biased exponent; nonzero ==> normal */
  {
    dbits |= 0x8000000000000000ull;
    denorm = ulpadj = 0;
  }
  else
  {
    denorm = 1;
    ulpadj = be + 1;
    dbits <<= 1;
    if (!(dbits & 0xffffffff00000000ull))
    {
      dbits <<= 32;
      be -= 32;
    }
    if (!(dbits & 0xffff000000000000ull))
    {
      dbits <<= 16;
      be -= 16;
    }
    if (!(dbits & 0xff00000000000000ull))
    {
      dbits <<= 8;
      be -= 8;
    }
    if (!(dbits & 0xf000000000000000ull))
    {
      dbits <<= 4;
      be -= 4;
    }
    if (!(dbits & 0xc000000000000000ull))
    {
      dbits <<= 2;
      be -= 2;
    }
    if (!(dbits & 0x8000000000000000ull))
    {
      dbits <<= 1;
      be -= 1;
    }
    assert(be >= -51);
    ulpadj -= be;
  }
  j    = Lhint[be + 51];
  p10  = &pten[j];
  dbhi = dbits >> 32;
  dblo = dbits & 0xffffffffull;
  i    = be - 0x3fe;
  if (i < p10->e || (i == p10->e && (dbhi < p10->b0 || (dbhi == p10->b0 && dblo < p10->b1))))
    --j;
  k = j - 342;

    /* now 10^k <= dd < 10^(k+1) */

  #else /*}{*/

  b = d2b(&u, &be, &bbits MTb);
    #ifdef Sudden_Underflow
  i = (int)(word0(&u) >> Exp_shift1 & (Exp_mask >> Exp_shift1));
    #else
  if ((i = (int)(word0(&u) >> Exp_shift1 & (Exp_mask >> Exp_shift1))))
  {
    #endif
  dval(&d2) = dval(&u);
  word0(&d2) &= Frac_mask1;
  word0(&d2) |= Exp_11;
    #ifdef IBM
  if (j = 11 - hi0bits(word0(&d2) & Frac_mask))
    dval(&d2) /= 1 << j;
    #endif

  /* log(x)	~=~ log(1.5) + (x-1.5)/1.5
   * log10(x)	 =  log(x) / log(10)
   *		~=~ log(1.5)/log(10) + (x-1.5)/(1.5*log(10))
   * log10(d) = (i-Bias)*log(2)/log(10) + log10(d2)
   *
   * This suggests computing an approximation k to log10(d) by
   *
   * k = (i - Bias)*0.301029995663981
   *	+ ( (d2-1.5)*0.289529654602168 + 0.176091259055681 );
   *
   * We want k to be too large rather than too small.
   * The error in the first-order Taylor series approximation
   * is in our favor, so we just round up the constant enough
   * to compensate for any error in the multiplication of
   * (i - Bias) by 0.301029995663981; since |i - Bias| <= 1077,
   * and 1077 * 0.30103 * 2^-52 ~=~ 7.2e-14,
   * adding 1e-13 to the constant term more than suffices.
   * Hence we adjust the constant term to 0.1760912590558.
   * (We could get a more accurate k by invoking log10,
   *  but this is probably not worthwhile.)
   */

  i -= Bias;
    #ifdef IBM
  i <<= 2;
  i += j;
    #endif
    #ifndef Sudden_Underflow
  denorm = 0;
}
else
{
  /* d is denormalized */

  i         = bbits + be + (Bias + (P - 1) - 1);
  x         = i > 32 ? word0(&u) << (64 - i) | word1(&u) >> (i - 32) : word1(&u) << (32 - i);
  dval(&d2) = x;
  word0(&d2) -= 31 * Exp_msk1; /* adjust exponent */
  i -= (Bias + (P - 1) - 1) + 1;
  denorm = 1;
}
    #endif
ds = (dval(&d2) - 1.5) * 0.289529654602168 + 0.1760912590558 + i * 0.301029995663981;
k  = (int)ds;
if (ds < 0. && ds != k)
  k--; /* want k = floor(ds) */
k_check = 1;
if (k >= 0 && k <= Ten_pmax)
{
  if (dval(&u) < tens[k])
    k--;
  k_check = 0;
}
j = bbits - i - 1;
if (j >= 0)
{
  b2 = 0;
  s2 = j;
}
else
{
  b2 = -j;
  s2 = 0;
}
if (k >= 0)
{
  b5 = 0;
  s5 = k;
  s2 += k;
}
else
{
  b2 -= k;
  b5 = -k;
  s5 = 0;
}
  #endif /*}}*/
  if (mode < 0 || mode > 9)
    mode = 0;

  #ifndef USE_BF96
    #ifndef SET_INEXACT
      #ifdef Check_FLT_ROUNDS
  try_quick = Rounding == 1;
      #endif
    #endif /*SET_INEXACT*/
  #endif

  if (mode > 5)
  {
    mode -= 4;
  #ifndef USE_BF96
    try_quick = 0;
  #endif
  }
  leftright = 1;
  ilim = ilim1 = -1; /* Values for cases 0 and 1; done here to */

  /* silence erroneous "gcc -Wall" warning. */
  switch (mode)
  {
    case 0:
    case 1:
      i       = 18;
      ndigits = 0;
      break;
    case 2:
      leftright = 0;
      /* no break */
    case 4:
      if (ndigits <= 0)
        ndigits = 1;
      ilim = ilim1 = i = ndigits;
      break;
    case 3:
      leftright = 0;
      /* no break */
    case 5:
      i     = ndigits + k + 1;
      ilim  = i;
      ilim1 = i - 1;
      if (i <= 0)
        i = 1;
  }

  if (!buf)
  {
    buf  = rv_alloc(i MTb);
    blen = sizeof(Bigint) + ((1 << ((int*)buf)[-1]) - 1) * sizeof(ULong) - sizeof(int);
  }
  else if (blen <= i)
  {
    buf = 0;
    if (rve)
      *rve = buf + i;
    return buf;
  }
  s = buf;

  /* Check for special case that d is a normalized power of 2. */

  spec_case = 0;
  if (mode < 2
      || (leftright
  #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
          && Rounding == 1
  #endif
          ))
  {
    if (!word1(&u) && !(word0(&u) & Bndry_mask)
  #ifndef Sudden_Underflow
        && word0(&u) & (Exp_mask & ~Exp_msk1)
  #endif
    )
    {
      /* The special case */
      spec_case = 1;
    }
  }

  #ifdef USE_BF96 /*{*/
  b = 0;
  if (ilim < 0 && (mode == 3 || mode == 5))
  {
    S = mhi = 0;
    goto no_digits;
  }
  i        = 1;
  j        = 52 + 0x3ff - be;
  ulpshift = 0;
  ulplo    = 0;
  /* Can we do an exact computation with 64-bit integer arithmetic? */
  if (k < 0)
  {
    if (k < -25)
      goto toobig;
    res = dbits >> 11;
    n2  = pfivebits[k1 = -(k + 1)] + 53;
    j1  = j;
    if (n2 > 61)
    {
      ulpshift = n2 - 61;
      if (res & (ulpmask = (1ull << ulpshift) - 1))
        goto toobig;
      j -= ulpshift;
      res >>= ulpshift;
    }
    /* Yes. */
    res *= ulp = pfive[k1];
    if (ulpshift)
    {
      ulplo = ulp;
      ulp >>= ulpshift;
    }
    j += k;
    if (ilim == 0)
    {
      S = mhi = 0;
      if (res > (5ull << j))
        goto one_digit;
      goto no_digits;
    }
    goto no_div;
  }
  if (ilim == 0 && j + k >= 0)
  {
    S = mhi = 0;
    if ((dbits >> 11) > (pfive[k - 1] << j))
      goto one_digit;
    goto no_digits;
  }
  if (k <= dtoa_divmax && j + k >= 0)
  {
    /* Another "yes" case -- we will use exact integer arithmetic. */
  use_exact:
    Debug(++dtoa_stats[3]);
    res = dbits >> 11; /* residual */
    ulp = 1;
    if (k <= 0)
      goto no_div;
    j1  = j + k + 1;
    den = pfive[k - i] << (j1 - i);
    for (;;)
    {
      dig  = res / den;
      *s++ = '0' + dig;
      if (!(res -= dig * den))
      {
    #ifdef SET_INEXACT
        inexact    = 0;
        oldinexact = 1;
    #endif
        goto retc;
      }
      if (ilim < 0)
      {
        ures = den - res;
        if (2 * res <= ulp && (spec_case ? 4 * res <= ulp : (2 * res < ulp || dig & 1)))
          goto ulp_reached;
        if (2 * ures < ulp)
          goto Roundup;
      }
      else if (i == ilim)
      {
        switch (Rounding)
        {
          case 0:
            goto retc;
          case 2:
            goto Roundup;
        }
        ures = 2 * res;
        if (ures > den || (ures == den && dig & 1) || (spec_case && res <= ulp && 2 * res >= ulp))
          goto Roundup;
        goto retc;
      }
      if (j1 < ++i)
      {
        res *= 10;
        ulp *= 10;
      }
      else
      {
        if (i > k)
          break;
        den = pfive[k - i] << (j1 - i);
      }
    }
  no_div:
    for (;;)
    {
      dig = den = res >> j;
      *s++      = '0' + dig;
      if (!(res -= den << j))
      {
    #ifdef SET_INEXACT
        inexact    = 0;
        oldinexact = 1;
    #endif
        goto retc;
      }
      if (ilim < 0)
      {
        ures = (1ull << j) - res;
        if (2 * res <= ulp && (spec_case ? 4 * res <= ulp : (2 * res < ulp || dig & 1)))
        {
        ulp_reached:
          if (ures < res || (ures == res && dig & 1))
            goto Roundup;
          goto retc;
        }
        if (2 * ures < ulp)
          goto Roundup;
      }
      --j;
      if (i == ilim)
      {
    #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
        switch (Rounding)
        {
          case 0:
            goto retc;
          case 2:
            goto Roundup;
        }
    #endif
        hb = 1ull << j;
        if (res & hb && (dig & 1 || res & (hb - 1)))
          goto Roundup;
        if (spec_case && res <= ulp && 2 * res >= ulp)
        {
        Roundup:
          while (*--s == '9')
            if (s == buf)
            {
              ++k;
              *s++ = '1';
              goto ret1;
            }
          ++*s++;
          goto ret1;
        }
        goto retc;
      }
      ++i;
      res *= 5;
      if (ulpshift)
      {
        ulplo = 5 * (ulplo & ulpmask);
        ulp   = 5 * ulp + (ulplo >> ulpshift);
      }
      else
        ulp *= 5;
    }
  }
toobig:
  if (ilim > 28)
    goto Fast_failed1;
  /* Scale by 10^-k */
  p10  = &pten[342 - k];
  tv0  = p10->b2 * dblo; /* rarely matters, but does, e.g., for 9.862818194192001e18 */
  tv1  = p10->b1 * dblo + (tv0 >> 32);
  tv2  = p10->b2 * dbhi + (tv1 & 0xffffffffull);
  tv3  = p10->b0 * dblo + (tv1 >> 32) + (tv2 >> 32);
  res3 = p10->b1 * dbhi + (tv3 & 0xffffffffull);
  res  = p10->b0 * dbhi + (tv3 >> 32) + (res3 >> 32);
  be += p10->e - 0x3fe;
  eulp = j1 = be - 54 + ulpadj;
  if (!(res & 0x8000000000000000ull))
  {
    --be;
    res3 <<= 1;
    res = (res << 1) | ((res3 & 0x100000000ull) >> 32);
  }
  res0 = res;                                         /* save for Fast_failed */
    #if !defined(SET_INEXACT) && !defined(NO_DTOA_64) /*{*/
  if (ilim > 19)
    goto Fast_failed;
  Debug(++dtoa_stats[4]);
  assert(be >= 0 && be <= 4); /* be = 0 is rare, but possible, e.g., for 1e20 */
  res >>= 4 - be;
  ulp = p10->b0; /* ulp */
  ulp = (ulp << 29) | (p10->b1 >> 3);
  /* scaled ulp = ulp * 2^(eulp - 60) */
  /* We maintain 61 bits of the scaled ulp. */
  if (ilim == 0)
  {
    if (!(res & 0x7fffffffffffffeull) || !((~res) & 0x7fffffffffffffeull))
      goto Fast_failed1;
    S = mhi = 0;
    if (res >= 0x5000000000000000ull)
      goto one_digit;
    goto no_digits;
  }
  rb = 1; /* upper bound on rounding error */
  for (;; ++i)
  {
    dig  = res >> 60;
    *s++ = '0' + dig;
    res &= 0xfffffffffffffffull;
    if (ilim < 0)
    {
      ures = 0x1000000000000000ull - res;
      if (eulp > 0)
      {
        assert(eulp <= 4);
        sulp = ulp << (eulp - 1);
        if (res <= ures)
        {
          if (res + rb > ures - rb)
            goto Fast_failed;
          if (res < sulp)
            goto retc;
        }
        else
        {
          if (res - rb <= ures + rb)
            goto Fast_failed;
          if (ures < sulp)
            goto Roundup;
        }
      }
      else
      {
        zb = -(1ull << (eulp + 63));
        if (!(zb & res))
        {
          sres = res << (1 - eulp);
          if (sres < ulp && (!spec_case || 2 * sres < ulp))
          {
            if ((res + rb) << (1 - eulp) >= ulp)
              goto Fast_failed;
            if (ures < res)
            {
              if (ures + rb >= res - rb)
                goto Fast_failed;
              goto Roundup;
            }
            if (ures - rb < res + rb)
              goto Fast_failed;
            goto retc;
          }
        }
        if (!(zb & ures) && ures << -eulp < ulp)
        {
          if (ures << (1 - eulp) < ulp)
            goto Roundup;
          goto Fast_failed;
        }
      }
    }
    else if (i == ilim)
    {
      ures = 0x1000000000000000ull - res;
      if (ures < res)
      {
        if (ures <= rb || res - rb <= ures + rb)
        {
          if (j + k >= 0 && k >= 0 && k <= 27)
            goto use_exact1;
          goto Fast_failed;
        }
      #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
        if (Rounding == 0)
          goto retc;
      #endif
        goto Roundup;
      }
      if (res <= rb || ures - rb <= res + rb)
      {
        if (j + k >= 0 && k >= 0 && k <= 27)
        {
        use_exact1:
          s = buf;
          i = 1;
          goto use_exact;
        }
        goto Fast_failed;
      }
      #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
      if (Rounding == 2)
        goto Roundup;
      #endif
      goto retc;
    }
    rb *= 10;
    if (rb >= 0x1000000000000000ull)
      goto Fast_failed;
    res *= 10;
    ulp *= 5;
    if (ulp & 0x8000000000000000ull)
    {
      eulp += 4;
      ulp >>= 3;
    }
    else
    {
      eulp += 3;
      ulp >>= 2;
    }
  }
    #endif /*}*/
    #ifndef NO_BF96
Fast_failed:
    #endif
  Debug(++dtoa_stats[5]);
  s     = buf;
  i     = 4 - be;
  res   = res0 >> i;
  reslo = 0xffffffffull & res3;
  if (i)
    reslo = (res0 << (64 - i)) >> 32 | (reslo >> i);
  rb   = 0;
  rblo = 4;       /* roundoff bound */
  ulp  = p10->b0; /* ulp */
  ulp  = (ulp << 29) | (p10->b1 >> 3);
  eulp = j1;
  for (i = 1;; ++i)
  {
    dig  = res >> 60;
    *s++ = '0' + dig;
    res &= 0xfffffffffffffffull;
    #ifdef SET_INEXACT
    if (!res && !reslo)
    {
      if (!(res3 & 0xffffffffull))
      {
        inexact    = 0;
        oldinexact = 1;
      }
      goto retc;
    }
    #endif
    if (ilim < 0)
    {
      ures   = 0x1000000000000000ull - res;
      ureslo = 0;
      if (reslo)
      {
        ureslo = 0x100000000ull - reslo;
        --ures;
      }
      if (eulp > 0)
      {
        assert(eulp <= 4);
        sulp = (ulp << (eulp - 1)) - rb;
        if (res <= ures)
        {
          if (res < sulp)
          {
            if (res + rb < ures - rb)
              goto retc;
          }
        }
        else if (ures < sulp)
        {
          if (res - rb > ures + rb)
            goto Roundup;
        }
        goto Fast_failed1;
      }
      else
      {
        zb = -(1ull << (eulp + 60));
        if (!(zb & (res + rb)))
        {
          sres = (res - rb) << (1 - eulp);
          if (sres < ulp && (!spec_case || 2 * sres < ulp))
          {
            sres = res << (1 - eulp);
            if ((j = eulp + 31) > 0)
              sres += (rblo + reslo) >> j;
            else
              sres += (rblo + reslo) << -j;
            if (sres + (rb << (1 - eulp)) >= ulp)
              goto Fast_failed1;
            if (sres >= ulp)
              goto more96;
            if (ures < res || (ures == res && ureslo < reslo))
            {
              if (ures + rb >= res - rb)
                goto Fast_failed1;
              goto Roundup;
            }
            if (ures - rb <= res + rb)
              goto Fast_failed1;
            goto retc;
          }
        }
        if (!(zb & ures) && (ures - rb) << (1 - eulp) < ulp)
        {
          if ((ures + rb) << (1 - eulp) < ulp)
            goto Roundup;
          goto Fast_failed1;
        }
      }
    }
    else if (i == ilim)
    {
      ures = 0x1000000000000000ull - res;
      sres = ureslo = 0;
      if (reslo)
      {
        ureslo = 0x100000000ull - reslo;
        --ures;
        sres = (reslo + rblo) >> 31;
      }
      sres += 2 * rb;
      if (ures <= res)
      {
        if (ures <= sres || res - ures <= sres)
          goto Fast_failed1;
    #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
        if (Rounding == 0)
          goto retc;
    #endif
        goto Roundup;
      }
      if (res <= sres || ures - res <= sres)
        goto Fast_failed1;
    #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
      if (Rounding == 2)
        goto Roundup;
    #endif
      goto retc;
    }
  more96:
    rblo *= 10;
    rb = 10 * rb + (rblo >> 32);
    rblo &= 0xffffffffull;
    if (rb >= 0x1000000000000000ull)
      goto Fast_failed1;
    reslo *= 10;
    res = 10 * res + (reslo >> 32);
    reslo &= 0xffffffffull;
    ulp *= 5;
    if (ulp & 0x8000000000000000ull)
    {
      eulp += 4;
      ulp >>= 3;
    }
    else
    {
      eulp += 3;
      ulp >>= 2;
    }
  }
Fast_failed1:
  Debug(++dtoa_stats[6]);
  S = mhi = mlo = 0;
    #ifdef USE_BF96
  b = d2b(&u, &be, &bbits MTb);
    #endif
  s = buf;
  i = (int)(word0(&u) >> Exp_shift1 & (Exp_mask >> Exp_shift1));
  i -= Bias;
  if (ulpadj)
    i -= ulpadj - 1;
  j = bbits - i - 1;
  if (j >= 0)
  {
    b2 = 0;
    s2 = j;
  }
  else
  {
    b2 = -j;
    s2 = 0;
  }
  if (k >= 0)
  {
    b5 = 0;
    s5 = k;
    s2 += k;
  }
  else
  {
    b2 -= k;
    b5 = -k;
    s5 = 0;
  }
  #endif /*}*/

  #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
  if (mode > 1 && Rounding != 1)
    leftright = 0;
  #endif

  #ifndef USE_BF96 /*{*/
  if (ilim >= 0 && ilim <= Quick_max && try_quick)
  {

    /* Try to get by with floating-point arithmetic. */

    i         = 0;
    dval(&d2) = dval(&u);
    j1        = -(k0 = k);
    ilim0     = ilim;
    ieps      = 2; /* conservative */
    if (k > 0)
    {
      ds = tens[k & 0xf];
      j  = k >> 4;
      if (j & Bletch)
      {
        /* prevent overflows */
        j &= Bletch - 1;
        dval(&u) /= bigtens[n_bigtens - 1];
        ieps++;
      }
      for (; j; j >>= 1, i++)
        if (j & 1)
        {
          ieps++;
          ds *= bigtens[i];
        }
      dval(&u) /= ds;
    }
    else if (j1 > 0)
    {
      dval(&u) *= tens[j1 & 0xf];
      for (j = j1 >> 4; j; j >>= 1, i++)
        if (j & 1)
        {
          ieps++;
          dval(&u) *= bigtens[i];
        }
    }
    if (k_check && dval(&u) < 1. && ilim > 0)
    {
      if (ilim1 <= 0)
        goto fast_failed;
      ilim = ilim1;
      k--;
      dval(&u) *= 10.;
      ieps++;
    }
    dval(&eps) = ieps * dval(&u) + 7.;
    word0(&eps) -= (P - 1) * Exp_msk1;
    if (ilim == 0)
    {
      S = mhi = 0;
      dval(&u) -= 5.;
      if (dval(&u) > dval(&eps))
        goto one_digit;
      if (dval(&u) < -dval(&eps))
        goto no_digits;
      goto fast_failed;
    }
    #ifndef No_leftright
    if (leftright)
    {
      /* Use Steele & White method of only
       * generating digits needed.
       */
      dval(&eps) = 0.5 / tens[ilim - 1] - dval(&eps);
      #ifdef IEEE_Arith
      if (j1 >= 307)
      {
        eps1.d = 1.01e256; /* 1.01 allows roundoff in the next few lines */
        word0(&eps1) -= Exp_msk1 * (Bias + P - 1);
        dval(&eps1) *= tens[j1 & 0xf];
        for (i = 0, j = (j1 - 256) >> 4; j; j >>= 1, i++)
          if (j & 1)
            dval(&eps1) *= bigtens[i];
        if (eps.d < eps1.d)
          eps.d = eps1.d;
        if (10. - u.d < 10. * eps.d && eps.d < 1.)
        {
          /* eps.d < 1. excludes trouble with the tiniest denormal */
          *s++ = '1';
          ++k;
          goto ret1;
        }
      }
      #endif
      for (i = 0;;)
      {
        L = dval(&u);
        dval(&u) -= L;
        *s++ = '0' + (int)L;
        if (1. - dval(&u) < dval(&eps))
          goto bump_up;
        if (dval(&u) < dval(&eps))
          goto retc;
        if (++i >= ilim)
          break;
        dval(&eps) *= 10.;
        dval(&u) *= 10.;
      }
    }
    else
    {
    #endif
      /* Generate ilim digits, then fix them up. */
      dval(&eps) *= tens[ilim - 1];
      for (i = 1;; i++, dval(&u) *= 10.)
      {
        L = (Long)(dval(&u));
        if (!(dval(&u) -= L))
          ilim = i;
        *s++ = '0' + (int)L;
        if (i == ilim)
        {
          if (dval(&u) > 0.5 + dval(&eps))
            goto bump_up;
          else if (dval(&u) < 0.5 - dval(&eps))
            goto retc;
          break;
        }
      }
    #ifndef No_leftright
    }
    #endif
  fast_failed:
    s        = buf;
    dval(&u) = dval(&d2);
    k        = k0;
    ilim     = ilim0;
  }

  /* Do we have a "small" integer? */

  if (be >= 0 && k <= Int_max)
  {
    /* Yes. */
    ds = tens[k];
    if (ndigits < 0 && ilim <= 0)
    {
      S = mhi = 0;
      if (ilim < 0 || dval(&u) <= 5 * ds)
        goto no_digits;
      goto one_digit;
    }
    for (i = 1;; i++, dval(&u) *= 10.)
    {
      L = (Long)(dval(&u) / ds);
      dval(&u) -= L * ds;
    #ifdef Check_FLT_ROUNDS
      /* If FLT_ROUNDS == 2, L will usually be high by 1 */
      if (dval(&u) < 0)
      {
        L--;
        dval(&u) += ds;
      }
    #endif
      *s++ = '0' + (int)L;
      if (!dval(&u))
      {
    #ifdef SET_INEXACT
        inexact = 0;
    #endif
        break;
      }
      if (i == ilim)
      {
    #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
        if (mode > 1)
          switch (Rounding)
          {
            case 0:
              goto retc;
            case 2:
              goto bump_up;
          }
    #endif
        dval(&u) += dval(&u);
    #ifdef ROUND_BIASED
        if (dval(&u) >= ds)
    #else
        if (dval(&u) > ds || (dval(&u) == ds && L & 1))
    #endif
        {
        bump_up:
          while (*--s == '9')
            if (s == buf)
            {
              k++;
              *s = '0';
              break;
            }
          ++*s++;
        }
        break;
      }
    }
    goto retc;
  }

  #endif /*}*/
  m2  = b2;
  m5  = b5;
  mhi = mlo = 0;
  if (leftright)
  {
    i =
  #ifndef Sudden_Underflow
      denorm ? be + (Bias + (P - 1) - 1 + 1) :
  #endif
  #ifdef IBM
             1 + 4 * P - 3 - bbits + ((bbits + be - 1) & 3);
  #else
    1 + P - bbits;
  #endif
    b2 += i;
    s2 += i;
    mhi = i2b(1 MTb);
  }
  if (m2 > 0 && s2 > 0)
  {
    i = m2 < s2 ? m2 : s2;
    b2 -= i;
    m2 -= i;
    s2 -= i;
  }
  if (b5 > 0)
  {
    if (leftright)
    {
      if (m5 > 0)
      {
        mhi = pow5mult(mhi, m5 MTb);
        b1  = mult(mhi, b MTb);
        Bfree(b MTb);
        b = b1;
      }
      if ((j = b5 - m5))
        b = pow5mult(b, j MTb);
    }
    else
      b = pow5mult(b, b5 MTb);
  }
  S = i2b(1 MTb);
  if (s5 > 0)
    S = pow5mult(S, s5 MTb);

  if (spec_case)
  {
    b2 += Log2P;
    s2 += Log2P;
  }

  /* Arrange for convenient computation of quotients:
   * shift left if necessary so divisor has 4 leading 0 bits.
   *
   * Perhaps we should just compute leading 28 bits of S once
   * and for all and pass them and a shift to quorem, so it
   * can do shifts and ors to compute the numerator for q.
   */
  i = dshift(S, s2);
  b2 += i;
  m2 += i;
  s2 += i;
  if (b2 > 0)
    b = lshift(b, b2 MTb);
  if (s2 > 0)
    S = lshift(S, s2 MTb);
  #ifndef USE_BF96
  if (k_check)
  {
    if (cmp(b, S) < 0)
    {
      k--;
      b = multadd(b, 10, 0 MTb); /* we botched the k estimate */
      if (leftright)
        mhi = multadd(mhi, 10, 0 MTb);
      ilim = ilim1;
    }
  }
  #endif
  if (ilim <= 0 && (mode == 3 || mode == 5))
  {
    if (ilim < 0 || cmp(b, S = multadd(S, 5, 0 MTb)) <= 0)
    {
      /* no digits, fcvt style */
    no_digits:
      k = -1 - ndigits;
      goto ret;
    }
  one_digit:
    *s++ = '1';
    ++k;
    goto ret;
  }
  if (leftright)
  {
    if (m2 > 0)
      mhi = lshift(mhi, m2 MTb);

    /* Compute mlo -- check for special case
     * that d is a normalized power of 2.
     */

    mlo = mhi;
    if (spec_case)
    {
      mhi = Balloc(mhi->k MTb);
      Bcopy(mhi, mlo);
      mhi = lshift(mhi, Log2P MTb);
    }

    for (i = 1;; i++)
    {
      dig = quorem(b, S) + '0';
      /* Do we yet have the shortest decimal string
       * that will round to d?
       */
      j     = cmp(b, mlo);
      delta = diff(S, mhi MTb);
      j1    = delta->sign ? 1 : cmp(b, delta);
      Bfree(delta MTb);
  #ifndef ROUND_BIASED
      if (j1 == 0 && mode != 1 && !(word1(&u) & 1)
    #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
          && (mode <= 1 || Rounding >= 1)
    #endif
      )
      {
        if (dig == '9')
          goto round_9_up;
        if (j > 0)
          dig++;
    #ifdef SET_INEXACT
        else if (!b->x[0] && b->wds <= 1)
          inexact = 0;
    #endif
        *s++ = dig;
        goto ret;
      }
  #endif
      if (j < 0
          || (j == 0 && mode != 1
  #ifndef ROUND_BIASED
              && !(word1(&u) & 1)
  #endif
                ))
      {
        if (!b->x[0] && b->wds <= 1)
        {
  #ifdef SET_INEXACT
          inexact = 0;
  #endif
          goto accept_dig;
        }
  #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
        if (mode > 1)
          switch (Rounding)
          {
            case 0:
              goto accept_dig;
            case 2:
              goto keep_dig;
          }
  #endif /*Honor_FLT_ROUNDS*/
        if (j1 > 0)
        {
          b  = lshift(b, 1 MTb);
          j1 = cmp(b, S);
  #ifdef ROUND_BIASED
          if (j1 >= 0 /*)*/
  #else
        if ((j1 > 0 || (j1 == 0 && dig & 1))
  #endif
              && dig++ == '9')
            goto round_9_up;
        }
      accept_dig:
        *s++ = dig;
        goto ret;
      }
      if (j1 > 0)
      {
  #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
        if (!Rounding && mode > 1)
          goto accept_dig;
  #endif
        if (dig == '9')
        { /* possible if i == 1 */
        round_9_up:
          *s++ = '9';
          goto roundoff;
        }
        *s++ = dig + 1;
        goto ret;
      }
  #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
    keep_dig:
  #endif
      *s++ = dig;
      if (i == ilim)
        break;
      b = multadd(b, 10, 0 MTb);
      if (mlo == mhi)
        mlo = mhi = multadd(mhi, 10, 0 MTb);
      else
      {
        mlo = multadd(mlo, 10, 0 MTb);
        mhi = multadd(mhi, 10, 0 MTb);
      }
    }
  }
  else
    for (i = 1;; i++)
    {
      dig  = quorem(b, S) + '0';
      *s++ = dig;
      if (!b->x[0] && b->wds <= 1)
      {
  #ifdef SET_INEXACT
        inexact = 0;
  #endif
        goto ret;
      }
      if (i >= ilim)
        break;
      b = multadd(b, 10, 0 MTb);
    }

  /* Round off last digit */

  #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
  if (mode > 1)
    switch (Rounding)
    {
      case 0:
        goto ret;
      case 2:
        goto roundoff;
    }
  #endif
  b = lshift(b, 1 MTb);
  j = cmp(b, S);
  #ifdef ROUND_BIASED
  if (j >= 0)
  #else
if (j > 0 || (j == 0 && dig & 1))
  #endif
  {
  roundoff:
    while (*--s == '9')
      if (s == buf)
      {
        k++;
        *s++ = '1';
        goto ret;
      }
    ++*s++;
  }
ret:
  Bfree(S MTb);
  if (mhi)
  {
    if (mlo && mlo != mhi)
      Bfree(mlo MTb);
    Bfree(mhi MTb);
  }
retc:
  while (s > buf && s[-1] == '0')
    --s;
ret1:
  if (b)
    Bfree(b MTb);
  *s     = 0;
  *decpt = k + 1;
  if (rve)
    *rve = s;
  #ifdef SET_INEXACT
  if (inexact)
  {
    if (!oldinexact)
    {
      word0(&u) = Exp_1 + (70 << Exp_shift);
      word1(&u) = 0;
      dval(&u) += 1.;
    }
  }
  else if (!oldinexact)
    clear_inexact();
  #endif
  return buf;
}

char* dtoa(double dd, int mode, int ndigits, int* decpt, int* sign, char** rve)
{
  /*	Sufficient space is allocated to the return value
      to hold the suppressed trailing zeros.
      See dtoa_r() above for details on the other arguments.
  */
  #ifndef MULTIPLE_THREADS
  if (dtoa_result)
    freedtoa(dtoa_result);
  #endif
  return dtoa_r(dd, mode, ndigits, decpt, sign, rve, 0, 0);
}

#endif /* DISABLE_DTOA */

#ifdef __cplusplus
//}
#endif
