# CSI RBD Plugin

The RBD CSI plugin is able to provision new RBD images and
attach and mount those to workloads.

## Building

CSI plugin can be compiled in a form of a binary file or in a form of a
Docker image. When compiled as a binary file, the result is stored in
`_output/` directory with the name `cephcsi`. When compiled as an image, it's
stored in the local Docker image store with name `cephcsi`.

Building binary:

```bash
make cephcsi
```

Building Docker image:

```bash
make image-cephcsi
```

## Configuration

**Available command line arguments:**

| Option                   | Default value                 | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
| ------------------------ | ----------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| `--endpoint`             | `unix:///tmp/csi.sock`        | CSI endpoint, must be a UNIX socket                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| `--csi-addons-endpoint`  | `unix:///tmp/csi-addons.sock` | CSI-Addons endpoint, must be a UNIX socket                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |
| `--drivername`           | `rbd.csi.ceph.com`            | Name of the driver (Kubernetes: `provisioner` field in StorageClass must correspond to this value)                                                                                                                                                                                   |
| `--nodeid`               | _empty_                       | This node's ID                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
| `--type`                 | _empty_                       | Driver type: `[rbd/cephfs]`. If the driver type is set to  `rbd` it will act as a `rbd plugin` or if it's set to `cephfs` will act as a `cephfs plugin`                                                                                                                              |
| `--instanceid`           | "default"                     | Unique ID distinguishing this instance of Ceph CSI among other instances, when sharing Ceph clusters across CSI instances for provisioning                                                                                                                                           |
| `--pidlimit`             | _0_                           | Configure the PID limit in cgroups. The container runtime can restrict the number of processes/tasks which can cause problems while provisioning (or deleting) a large number of volumes. A value of `-1` configures the limit to the maximum, `0` does not configure limits at all. |
| `--metricsport`          | `8080`                        | TCP port for liveness metrics requests                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
| `--metricspath`          | `"/metrics"`                  | Path of prometheus endpoint where metrics will be available                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
| `--polltime`             | `"60s"`                       | Time interval in between each poll                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
| `--timeout`              | `"3s"`                        | Probe timeout in seconds                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
| `--clustername`          | _empty_                       | Cluster name to set on RBD image                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
| `--domainlabels`         | _empty_                       | Kubernetes node labels to use as CSI domain labels for topology aware provisioning, should be a comma separated value (ex:= "failure-domain/region,failure-domain/zone")                                                                                                             |
| `--rbdhardmaxclonedepth` | `8`                           | Hard limit for maximum number of nested volume clones that are taken before a flatten occurs                                                                                                                                                                                         |
| `--rbdsoftmaxclonedepth` | `4`                           | Soft limit for maximum number of nested volume clones that are taken before a flatten occurs                                                                                                                                                                                         |
| `--skipforceflatten`     | `false`                       | skip image flattening on kernel < 5.2 which support mapping of rbd images which has the deep-flatten feature                                                                                                                                                                         |
| `--maxsnapshotsonimage`  | `450`                         | Maximum number of snapshots allowed on rbd image without flattening                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| `--setmetadata`          | `true`                       | Set metadata on volume                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
| `--enable-read-affinity` | `false`                       | enable read affinity                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
| `--crush-location-labels`| _empty_                       | Kubernetes node labels that determine the CRUSH location the node belongs to, separated by ','.<br>`Note: These labels will be replaced if crush location labels are defined in the ceph-csi-config ConfigMap for the specific cluster.`                                                                                                                                                                                       |
| `--logslowopinterval`    | `30s`                         | Log slow operations at the specified rate. Operation is considered slow if it outlives its deadline.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |

**Available volume parameters:**

| Parameter                                                                                           | Required             | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| `clusterID`                                                                                         | yes                  | String representing a Ceph cluster, must be unique across all Ceph clusters in use for provisioning, cannot be greater than 36 bytes in length, and should remain immutable for the lifetime of the Ceph cluster in use                                                                            |
| `pool`                                                                                              | yes                  | Ceph pool into which the RBD image shall be created                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
| `dataPool`                                                                                          | no                   | Ceph pool used for the data of the RBD images.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
| `volumeNamePrefix`                                                                                  | no                   | Prefix to use for naming RBD images (defaults to `csi-vol-`).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
| `snapshotNamePrefix`                                                                                | no                   | Prefix to use for naming RBD snapshot images (defaults to `csi-snap-`).                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
| `imageFeatures`                                                                                     | no                   | RBD image features. CSI RBD currently supports `layering`, `journaling`, `exclusive-lock`, `object-map`, `fast-diff`, `deep-flatten` features. deep-flatten is added for cloned images. Refer <https://docs.ceph.com/en/latest/rbd/rbd-config-ref/#image-features> for image feature dependencies. |
| `mkfsOptions`                                                                                       | no                   | Options to pass to the `mkfs` command while creating the filesystem on the RBD device. Check the man-page for the `mkfs` command for the filesystem for more details. When `mkfsOptions` is set here, the defaults will not be used, consider including them in this parameter.                    |
| `tryOtherMounters`                                                                                  | no                   | Specifies whether to try other mounters in case if the current mounter fails to mount the rbd image for any reason                                                                                                                                                                                 |
| `mapOptions`                                                                                        | no                   | Map options to use when mapping rbd image. See [krbd](https://docs.ceph.com/docs/master/man/8/rbd/#kernel-rbd-krbd-options) and [nbd](https://docs.ceph.com/docs/master/man/8/rbd-nbd/#options) options.                                                                                           |
| `unmapOptions`                                                                                      | no                   | Unmap options to use when unmapping rbd image. See [krbd](https://docs.ceph.com/docs/master/man/8/rbd/#kernel-rbd-krbd-options) and [nbd](https://docs.ceph.com/docs/master/man/8/rbd-nbd/#options) options.                                                                                       |
| `csi.storage.k8s.io/provisioner-secret-name`, `csi.storage.k8s.io/node-stage-secret-name`           | yes (for Kubernetes) | name of the Kubernetes Secret object containing Ceph client credentials. Both parameters should have the same value                                                                                                                                                                                |
| `csi.storage.k8s.io/provisioner-secret-namespace`, `csi.storage.k8s.io/node-stage-secret-namespace` | yes (for Kubernetes) | namespaces of the above Secret objects                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
| `mounter`                                                                                           | no                   | if set to `rbd-nbd`, use `rbd-nbd` on nodes that have `rbd-nbd` and `nbd` kernel modules to map rbd images                                                                                                                                                                                         |
| `encrypted`                                                                                         | no                   | disabled by default, use `"true"` to enable either LUKS or fscrypt encryption on PVC and `"false"` to disable it. **Do not change for existing storageclasses**                                                                                                                                                      |
| `encryptionSectorSize`                                                                              | no                   | set the sector size that is used to perform I/O. Size must be a power of two and in between 512 and 4096. Typical values are 4096 and 512.                                                                   |
| `encryptionCipher`                                                                                  | no                   | set the cipher that is used for the volume encryption. **Supported Keywords**: `aes-xts-plain64` (default), `serpent-xts-plain64`,  `aes-xts-random`, `serpent-xts-random`                                                                           |
| `encryptionKeySize`                                                                                 | no                   | set the key size used for encryption. Typical key sizes are 128, 256 and 512. Default 256 (or 512 when using an `xts` cipher mode)                                                                            |
| `integrityMode`                                                                                     | no                   | set and enable the integrity verification for volume encryption.  **Supported Keywords**: `hmac-sha256`, `hmac-sha512`                                                                            |
| `encryptionKMSID`                                                                                   | no                   | required if encryption is enabled and a kms is used to store passphrases                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |
| `encryptionType`                                                                                    | no                   | Either `block` or `file`. If unset or `block` use LUKS block device encryption. If `file` use ext4 fscrypt to encrypt on the file system level (requires kernel support).                                                                                                                           |
| `stripeUnit`                                                                                        | no                   | stripe unit in bytes                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
| `stripeCount`                                                                                       | no                   | objects to stripe over before looping                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
| `objectSize`                                                                                        | no                   | object size in bytes                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
| `baseIops`                                                                                          | no                   | the base limit of operations per second |
| `maxIops`                                                                                           | no                   | the max limit of operations per second  |
| `baseReadIops`                                                                                      | no                   | the base limit of read operations per second |
| `maxReadIops`                                                                                       | no                   | the max limit of read operations per second |
| `baseWriteIops`                                                                                     | no                   | the base limit of write operations per second |
| `maxWriteIops`                                                                                      | no                   | the max limit of write operations per second |
| `baseBps`                                                                                           | no                   | the base limit of bytes per second |
| `maxBps`                                                                                            | no                   | the max limit of bytes per second |
| `baseReadBps`                                                                                       | no                   | the base limit of read bytes per second |
| `maxReadBps`                                                                                        | no                   | the max limit of read bytes per second |
| `baseWriteBps`                                                                                      | no                   | the base limit of write bytes per second |
| `maxWriteBps`                                                                                       | no                   | the max limit of write bytes per second |
| `iopsPerGiB`                                                                                        | no                   | the limit of operations per GiB |
| `readIopsPerGiB`                                                                                    | no                   | the limit of read operations per GiB |
| `writeIopsPerGiB`                                                                                   | no                   | the limit of write operations per GiB |
| `bpsPerGiB`                                                                                         | no                   | the limit of bytes per GiB |
| `readBpsPerGiB`                                                                                     | no                   | the limit of read bytes per GiB |
| `writeBpsPerGiB`                                                                                    | no                   | the limit of write bytes per GiB |
| `baseVolSizeBytes`                                                                                  | no                   | the min size of volume what use to calculate qos beased on capacity |
| `extraDeploy` | no | array of extra objects to deploy with the release |

**NOTE:** An accompanying CSI configuration file, needs to be provided to the
running pods. Refer to [Creating CSI configuration](../examples/README.md#creating-csi-configuration)
for more information.

**NOTE:** A suggested way to populate and retain uniqueness of the clusterID is
to use the output of `ceph fsid` of the Ceph cluster to be used for
provisioning.

**Required secrets:**

User credentials, with required access to the pool being used in the storage class,
is required for provisioning new RBD images.

## Deployment with Kubernetes

Requires Kubernetes 1.14+

Use the [rbd templates](../deploy/rbd/kubernetes)

Your Kubernetes cluster must allow privileged pods (i.e. `--allow-privileged`
flag must be set to true for both the API server and the kubelet). Moreover, as
stated in the [mount propagation
docs](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/storage/volumes/#mount-propagation),
the Docker daemon of the cluster nodes must allow shared mounts.

YAML manifests are located in `deploy/rbd/kubernetes`.

**Create CSIDriver object:**

```bash
kubectl create -f csidriver.yaml
```

**Deploy RBACs for sidecar containers and node plugins:**

```bash
kubectl create -f csi-provisioner-rbac.yaml
kubectl create -f csi-nodeplugin-rbac.yaml
```

Those manifests deploy service accounts, cluster roles and cluster role
bindings. These are shared for both RBD and CephFS CSI plugins, as they require
the same permissions.

**Deploy ConfigMap for CSI plugins:**

```bash
kubectl create -f csi-config-map.yaml
```

The configmap deploys an empty CSI configuration that is mounted as a volume
within the Ceph CSI plugin pods. To add a specific Ceph clusters configuration
details, refer to [Creating CSI configuration for RBD based
provisioning](../examples/README.md#creating-csi-configuration)
for more information.

**Deploy Ceph configuration ConfigMap for CSI pods:**

```bash
kubectl create -f ../../ceph-conf.yaml
```

**Deploy prerequisites for CSI Snapshot:**

If you intend to use the snapshot functionality in Kubernetes cluster,
please refer to [snap-clone.md](./snap-clone.md#prerequisite)

**Deploy CSI sidecar containers:**

```bash
kubectl create -f csi-rbdplugin-provisioner.yaml
```

Deploys deployment of provision which includes external-provisioner
,external-attacher,csi-snapshotter sidecar containers and CSI RBD plugin.

**Deploy RBD CSI driver:**

```bash
kubectl create -f csi-rbdplugin.yaml
```

Deploys a daemon set with two containers: CSI node-driver-registrar and the CSI
RBD driver.

**NOTE:**
In case you want to use a different release version, replace canary with the
release version in the
[provisioner](../deploy/rbd/kubernetes/csi-rbdplugin-provisioner.yaml)
and [nodeplugin](../deploy/rbd/kubernetes/csi-rbdplugin.yaml) YAMLs.

```yaml
# for stable functionality replace canary with latest release version
    image: quay.io/cephcsi/cephcsi:canary
```

Check the release version [here.](../README.md#ceph-csi-container-images-and-release-compatibility)

## Verifying the deployment in Kubernetes

After successfully completing the steps above, you should see output similar to this:

```bash
$ kubectl get all
NAME                              READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod/csi-rbdplugin-fptqr           3/3       Running   0          21s
pod/csi-rbdplugin-provisioner-0   5/5       Running   0          22s

NAME                                TYPE        CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)     AGE
service/csi-rbdplugin-provisioner   ClusterIP   10.104.2.130   <none>        8080/TCP   23s
...
```

Once the CSI plugin configuration is updated with details from a Ceph cluster of
choice, you can try deploying a demo pod from examples/rbd using the
instructions [provided](../examples/README.md#deploying-the-storage-class) to
test the deployment further.

## Deployment with Helm

The same requirements from the Kubernetes section apply here, i.e. Kubernetes
version, privileged flag and shared mounts.

The Helm chart is located in `charts/ceph-csi-rbd`.

**Deploy Helm Chart:**

[See the Helm chart readme for installation instructions.](../charts/ceph-csi-rbd/README.md)

## Read Affinity using crush locations for RBD volumes

Ceph CSI supports mapping RBD volumes with krbd options
`"read_from_replica=localize,crush_location=type1:value1|type2:value2"` to
allow serving reads from the most local OSD (according to OSD locations as
defined in the CRUSH map).
Refer [krbd-options](https://docs.ceph.com/en/latest/man/8/rbd/#kernel-rbd-krbd-options)
for more details.

This can be enabled by adding labels to Kubernetes nodes like
`"topology.io/region=east"` and `"topology.io/zone=east-zone1"` and
passing command line arguments `"--enable-read-affinity=true"` and
`"--crush-location-labels=topology.io/zone,topology.io/region"` to Ceph CSI
RBD daemonset pod "csi-rbdplugin" container, resulting in Ceph CSI adding
`"--options read_from_replica=localize,crush_location=zone:east-zone1|region:east"`
krbd options during rbd map operation.
If enabled, this option will be added to all RBD volumes mapped by Ceph CSI.
Well known labels can be found
[here](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/labels-annotations-taints/).

Read affinity can be configured for individual clusters within the
`ceph-csi-config` ConfigMap. This allows configuring the crush location labels
for each ceph cluster separately. The crush location labels specified in the
ConfigMap will supersede  those provided via command line argument
`--crush-location-labels`.

>Note: Label values will have all its dots `"."` normalized with dashes `"-"`
in order for it to work with ceph CRUSH map.

## Encryption for RBD volumes

> Enabling encryption on volumes created without encryption is **not supported**
>
> Enabling encryption for storage class that has PVs created without encryption
> is **not supported**

Volumes provisioned with Ceph RBD do not have encryption by default. It is
possible to encrypt them with ceph-csi by using LUKS encryption.

### Life-cycle for encrypted volumes

**Create volume**:

* create volume request received
* volume requested to be created in Ceph
* new passphrase is generated and stored in selected KMS if KMS is in use
* encrypted state "encryptionPrepared" is saved in image-meta in Ceph

**Attach volume**:

* attach volume request received
* volume is attached to provisioner container
* on first time attachment
  (no file system on the attached device, checked with blkid)
   * passphrase is retrieved from selected KMS if KMS is in use
   * device is encrypted with LUKS using a passphrase from K8s Secret or KMS
   * image-meta updated to "encrypted" in Ceph
* passphrase is retrieved from selected KMS if KMS is in use
* device is open and device path is changed to use a mapper device
* mapper device is used instead of original one with usual workflow

**Detach volume**:

* mapper device closed and device path changed to original volume path
* volume is detached as usual
* passphrase removed from KMS if needed (with failures ignored)

### Encryption configuration

To encrypt rbd volumes with LUKS you need to set encryption passphrase in
secrets under `encryptionPassphrase` key and switch `encrypted` option in
StorageClass to `"true"`. This is not supported for storage classes that already
have PVs provisioned. The `node-stage-secret-name` and the `provisioner-secret-name`
should carry this key and value for encryption to work.

To use different passphrase you need to have different storage classes and point
to a different K8s secrets `csi.storage.k8s.io/node-stage-secret-name`
and `csi.storage.k8s.io/provisioner-secret-name` which carry new passphrase value
for `encryptionPassphrase` key in these secrets.

### Encryption `metadata` configuration

CephCSI can generate unique passphrase (DEK Data-Encryption-Key) for each volume
to be used to encrypt/decrypt data. The passphrase (DEK) is encrypted by
`encryptionPassphrase` (KEK Key-Encryption-Key) and stored in the image metadata
of the volume.

To encrypt rbd volumes with `metadata` encryption, users need to set
`encrypted: "true"` and `encryptionKMSID` to a unique identifier in storageclass.
This unique identifier should be similar to the
[examples](../examples/kms/vault/csi-kms-connection-details.yaml).
The configuration must include `"encryptionKMSType": "metadata"`. The
`encryptionPassphrase` is fetched based on the following conditions:

* if `"secretName"` key is specified, `encryptionPassphrase` is fetched from this
  secret and `"secretNamespace"` value is used for namespace if specified else
  Tenant/Kubernetes namespace (i.e., namespace where the PVC was created) is used.
* if `"secretName"` key is not specified, `encryptionPassphrase` is fetched from
  storageclass secrets `csi.storage.k8s.io/provisioner-secret-namespace` /
  `csi.storage.k8s.io/provisioner-secret-name` and
  `csi.storage.k8s.io/node-stage-secret-namespace` /
  `csi.storage.k8s.io/node-stage-secret-name`
  similar to the previous [Encryption Configuration](#encryption-configuration).

### Encryption KMS configuration

To further improve security robustness it is possible to use unique passphrases
generated for each volume and stored in a Key Management System (KMS). Currently
HashiCorp Vault is the only KMS supported.

There are two options to use Hashicorp Vault as a KMS:

1. with Kubernetes ServiceAccount
1. with a Vault Token per Tenant (a Kubernetes Namespace)

To use Vault as KMS set `encryptionKMSID` to a unique identifier for Vault
configuration. You will also need to create vault configuration similar to the
[example](../examples/kms/vault/kms-config.yaml) and use same
`encryptionKMSID`.

To use the Kubernetes ServiceAccount to access Vault, the configuration must
include `encryptionKMSType: "vault"`. If Tenants are expected to place their
Vault Token in a Kubernetes Secret in their Namespace, set `encryptionKMSType:
"vaulttokens"`.

In order for ceph-csi to be able to access the configuration you will need to
have it mounted to csi-rbdplugin containers in both daemonset (so kms client
can be instantiated to encrypt/decrypt volumes) and deployment pods (so kms
client can be instantiated to delete passphrase on volume delete)
`ceph-csi-encryption-kms-config` configmap.

> Note: kms configuration must be a map of string values only
> (`map[string]string`) so for numerical and boolean values make sure to put
> quotes around.

When the Tenants need to provide their own Vault Token, they will need to place
it in a Kubernetes Secret (by default) called `ceph-csi-kms-token`, where the
Vault Token is stored in the `token` key as shown in [the
example](../examples/kms/vault/tenant-token.yaml).

#### Configuring HashiCorp Vault with a single Kubernetes ServiceAccount

Using Vault as KMS you need to configure Kubernetes authentication method as
described in [official
documentation](https://www.vaultproject.io/docs/auth/kubernetes.html).

If token reviewer is used, you will need to configure service account for
that also like in
[example](../examples/kms/vault/csi-vaulttokenreview-rbac.yaml) to be able to
review jwt tokens.

Configure a role(s) for service accounts used for ceph-csi:

* provisioner service account (`rbd-csi-provisioner`) requires only **delete**
  permissions to delete passphrases on PVC delete
* nodeplugin service account (`rbd-csi-nodeplugin`) requires **create** and
  **read** permissions to save new keys and retrieve existing

#### Configuring Hashicorp Vault with a ServiceAccount per Tenant

For deployments where a single ServiceAccount for accessing Hashicorp Vault is
not suitable, it is possible to configure a ServiceAccount per Tenant to access
the KMS. In order to configure this, each Tenant will need to have its own
ServiceAccount in the Kubernetes Namespace where the volumes are created. The
ServiceAccount is expected to be called `ceph-csi-vault-sa` by default. This
can be changed by setting the `tenantSAName` option to a different value. An
example of the global configuration that can be done in the Kubernetes
Namespace where Ceph-CSI is deployed can be found in
[`kms-config.yaml`](../examples/kms/vault/kms-config.yaml) where the
`encryptionKMSType` is set to `vaulttenantsa`.

Most notably, the Vault Tokens KMS configuration can be used, without the Token
configuration, but with added `tenantSAName` and `vaultRole` options.

Tenants do have the ability to reconfigure parts of the connection details to
the Vault service. It will often be required to set the backend path to a
location where the Tenant can manage the secrets. These changes can be done by
placing a ConfigMap called `ceph-csi-kms-config` in the Tenants Namespace, an
[example](../examples/kms/vault/tenant-sa.yaml) is available.

As each ServiceAccount needs to be added to the Vault configuration, the
administrator of the service will need to apply the permissions by creating a
Vault Policy that allows a ServiceAccount to access a key-value store in the
KMS. In the Ceph-CSI automated testing, there is [a Kubernetes Job that sets
this up](../examples/kms/vault/tenant-token.yaml) for a single Tenant that uses
the Kubernetes Namespace `tenant`.

#### Configuring Amazon KMS

Amazon KMS can be used to encrypt and decrypt the passphrases that are used for
encrypted RBD images. When a volume is created, a passphrase will be generated,
which will be encrypted by the KMS and stored in the volumes metadata. Upon
attaching the volume to a Pod, the worker node requests the KMS to decrypt the
passphrase, after which it can be used to open the device with `cryptsetup` and
provide access to it for the Pod.

There are a few settings that need to be included in the [KMS configuration
file](../examples/kms/vault/kms-config.yaml):

1. `KMS_PROVIDER`: should be set to `aws-metadata`.
1. `KMS_SECRET_NAME`: name of the Kubernetes Secret (in the Namespace where
   Ceph-CSI is deployed) which contains the credentials for communicating with
   AWS. This defaults to `ceph-csi-aws-credentials`.
1. `AWS_REGION`: the region where the AWS KMS service is available.

The [Secret with credentials](../examples/kms/vault/aws-credentials.yaml) for
the AWS KMS is expected to contain:

1. `AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID`: ID of the key to use for encrypting/decrypting
1. `AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY`: secret for the key to use
1. `AWS_SESSION_TOKEN`: *(optional)* session token, usually empty
1. `AWS_CMK_ARN`: Custom Master Key, ARN for the key used to encrypt the
   passphrase

This Secret is expected to be created by the administrator who deployed
Ceph-CSI.

#### Configuring Amazon KMS with Amazon STS

Ceph-CSI can be configured to use
[Amazon STS](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/STS/latest/APIReference/welcome.html),
when kubernetes cluster is configured with OIDC identity provider to fetch
credentials to access Amazon KMS. Other functionalities is the same as
[Amazon KMS encryption](#configuring-amazon-kms).

There are a few settings that need to be included in the [KMS configuration
file](../examples/kms/vault/kms-config.yaml):

1. `encryptionKMSType`: should be set to `aws-sts-metadata`.
1. `secretName`: name of the Kubernetes Secret (in the Namespace where
   PVC is created) which contains the credentials for communicating with
   AWS. This defaults to `ceph-csi-aws-credentials`.

The [Secret with credentials](../examples/kms/vault/aws-sts-credentials.yaml) for
the AWS KMS is expected to contain:

1. `awsRoleARN`: Role which will be used access credentials from AWS STS
    and access AWS KMS for encryption.
1. `awsCMKARN`: Custom Master Key, ARN for the key used to encrypt the
   passphrase
1. `awsRegion`: the region where the AWS STS and KMS service is available.

This Secret is expected to be created by the tenant/user in each namespace where
Ceph-CSI is used to create encrypted rbd volumes.

#### Configuring Azure key vault

Ceph-CSI can be configured to use
[Azure key vault](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-in/products/key-vault),
for encrypting RBD volumes.

There are a few settings that need to be included in the [KMS configuration
file](../examples/kms/vault/kms-config.yaml):

1. `KMS_PROVIDER`: should be set to `azure-kv`.
1. `AZURE_CERT_SECRET_NAME`: name of the Kubernetes Secret (in the Namespace where
   Ceph-CSI is deployed) which contains the credentials for communicating with
   Azure. This defaults to `ceph-csi-azure-credentials`.
1. `AZURE_VAULT_URL`: URL to access the Azure Key Vault service.
1. `AZURE_CLIENT_ID`: Client ID of the Azure application object (service principal)
   created in Azure Active Directory that serves as the username.
1. `AZURE_TENANT_ID`: Tenant ID of the service principal.

The [Secret with credentials](../examples/kms/vault/azure-credentials.yaml) for
the Azure KMS is expected to contain:

1. `CLIENT_CERT`: The client certificate used for authentication
   with Azure Key Vault.

This Secret is expected to be created by the user in the namespace where Ceph-CSI
is deployed.

#### Configuring KMIP KMS

The Key Management Interoperability Protocol (KMIP) is an extensible
communication protocol that defines message formats for the manipulation
of cryptographic keys on a key management server.
Ceph-CSI can be configured to connect to various KMS servers using
[KMIP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_Management_Interoperability_Protocol)
for encrypting RBD volumes.

There are a few settings that need to be included in the [KMS configuration
file](../examples/kms/vault/kms-config.yaml):

1. `KMS_PROVIDER`: should be set to `kmip`.
1. `KMIP_ENDPOINT` KMIP endpoint address.
1. `KMIP_SECRET_NAME`(optional): name of the Kubernetes Secret which contains
   the credentials for communicating with KMIP server, defaults to
   `ceph-csi-kmip-credentials`.
1. `TLS_SERVER_NAME`(optional): The endpoint server name. Useful when the
   KMIP endpoint does not have a DNS entry.
1. `READ_TIMEOUT`(optional): Network read timeout, in seconds. The default
   value is 10.
1. `WRITE_TIMEOUT`(optional): Network write timeout, in seconds. The default
   value is 10.

The [Secret with credentials](../examples/kms/vault/kmip-credentials.yaml) for
the KMIP KMS is expected to contain:

1. `CA_CERT`: CA certificate that will be used to connect to KMIP server.
1. `CLIENT_CERT`: Client certificate that will be used to connect to KMIP server.
1. `CLIENT_KEY`: Client key that will be used to connect to KMIP server.
1. `UNIQUE_IDENTIFIER`: Unique ID of the key to use for encrypting/decrypting.

### Encryption prerequisites

In order for encryption to work you need to make sure that `dm-crypt` kernel
module is enabled on the nodes running ceph-csi attachers.

If custom image is built for the rbd-plugin instance, make sure that it contains
`cryptsetup` tool installed to be able to use encryption.

## Enable librbd logs for RBD operations

For debugging, a user might need the librbd logs for each RBD command executed
by ceph-csi through go-ceph. Therefore, one can enable these logs in the
`csi-rbdplugin` container in `csi-rbdplugin-provisioner-*`, `csi-rbdplugin-*`
controller, nodeplugin pod respectively by following the steps mentioned below:

In the [ceph-conf](../../deploy/ceph-conf.yaml) configmap, uncomment the
`debug_rbd` and `log_to_stderr` key/value pairs and update the configmap in the
cluster in the same namespace as the `csi-*` pods.

```bash
kubectl apply -f ceph-conf.yaml
```

And, if the ``ceph-config` configmap already exists from previous installation
then, edit the configmap to add `log_to_stderr = true`,`debug_rbd = 30`
values to `ceph.conf` field using:

```bash
kubectl edit cm ceph-config
```

This will update the `ceph.conf` of the underlying ceph cluster to enable
librbd logs in `csi-rbdplugin` container.

## Changed Block Tracking (CBT)

> **Warning**: Requires Ceph version that supports RBD snap diff by ID feature.
For details, see ceph tracker:
["diff-iterate by snap ID"](https://tracker.ceph.com/issues/65720).

Ceph-CSI implements Changed Block Tracking (CBT) for RBD volumes using
the SnapshotMetadataService (SMS) APIs. This feature enables efficient
and reliable differential backup of data stored in CSI volumes.

The feature is exposed through the CSI Controller Server's
SnapshotMetadataService APIs with two primary operations:

* `GetMetadataAllocated`:

   * Streams metadata about allocated blocks in a snapshot
   * Useful for full backup operations
   * Returns block ranges that contain actual data

* `GetMetadataDelta`:

   * Streams metadata about block differences between two snapshots
   * Optimal for incremental backups
   * Returns only blocks that changed between snapshots

Additional Resources:

* CSI Differential Snapshot for Block Volumes KEP:
  [kep-3314](https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/issues/3314)

* External Snapshot Metadata sidecar project:
  [repository](https://github.com/kubernetes-csi/external-snapshot-metadata)
