---
title: "INSERT Statement"
weight: 7
type: docs
aliases:
  - /docs/sql/reference/insert/
  - /dev/table/sql/insert.html
---
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# INSERT Statement



INSERT statements are used to add rows to a table.

## Run an INSERT statement

{{< tabs "insert" >}}
{{< tab "Java" >}}
Single INSERT statement can be executed through the `executeSql()` method of the `TableEnvironment`. The `executeSql()` method for INSERT statement will submit a Flink job immediately, and return a `TableResult` instance which associates the submitted job. 
Multiple INSERT statements can be executed through the `addInsertSql()` method of the `StatementSet` which can be created by the `TableEnvironment.createStatementSet()` method. The `addInsertSql()` method is a lazy execution, they will be executed only when `StatementSet.execute()` is invoked.

The following examples show how to run a single INSERT statement in `TableEnvironment`, run multiple INSERT statements in `StatementSet`.

{{< /tab >}}
{{< tab "Scala" >}}
Single INSERT statement can be executed through the `executeSql()` method of the `TableEnvironment`. The `executeSql()` method for INSERT statement will submit a Flink job immediately, and return a `TableResult` instance which associates the submitted job. 
Multiple INSERT statements can be executed through the `addInsertSql()` method of the `StatementSet` which can be created by the `TableEnvironment.createStatementSet()` method. The `addInsertSql()` method is a lazy execution, they will be executed only when `StatementSet.execute()` is invoked.

The following examples show how to run a single INSERT statement in `TableEnvironment`, run multiple INSERT statements in `StatementSet`.
{{< /tab >}}
{{< tab "Python" >}}

Single INSERT statement can be executed through the `execute_sql()` method of the `TableEnvironment`. The `execute_sql()` method for INSERT statement will submit a Flink job immediately, and return a `TableResult` instance which associates the submitted job. 
Multiple INSERT statements can be executed through the `add_insert_sql()` method of the `StatementSet` which can be created by the `TableEnvironment.create_statement_set()` method. The `add_insert_sql()` method is a lazy execution, they will be executed only when `StatementSet.execute()` is invoked.

The following examples show how to run a single INSERT statement in `TableEnvironment`, run multiple INSERT statements in `StatementSet`.

{{< /tab >}}
{{< tab "SQL CLI" >}}

Single INSERT statement can be executed in [SQL CLI]({{< ref "docs/sql/interfaces/sql-client" >}}).

The following examples show how to run a single INSERT statement in SQL CLI.

{{< /tab >}}
{{< /tabs >}}

{{< tabs "15bc87ce-93fd-4fdd-8c51-3301a432c048" >}}
{{< tab "Java" >}}
```java
TableEnvironment tEnv = TableEnvironment.create(...);

// register a source table named "Orders" and a sink table named "RubberOrders"
tEnv.executeSql("CREATE TABLE Orders (`user` BIGINT, product VARCHAR, amount INT) WITH (...)");
tEnv.executeSql("CREATE TABLE RubberOrders(product VARCHAR, amount INT) WITH (...)");

// run a single INSERT query on the registered source table and emit the result to registered sink table
TableResult tableResult1 = tEnv.executeSql(
  "INSERT INTO RubberOrders SELECT product, amount FROM Orders WHERE product LIKE '%Rubber%'");
// get job status through TableResult
System.out.println(tableResult1.getJobClient().get().getJobStatus());

//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// register another sink table named "GlassOrders" for multiple INSERT queries
tEnv.executeSql("CREATE TABLE GlassOrders(product VARCHAR, amount INT) WITH (...)");

// run multiple INSERT queries on the registered source table and emit the result to registered sink tables
StatementSet stmtSet = tEnv.createStatementSet();
// only single INSERT query can be accepted by `addInsertSql` method
stmtSet.addInsertSql(
  "INSERT INTO RubberOrders SELECT product, amount FROM Orders WHERE product LIKE '%Rubber%'");
stmtSet.addInsertSql(
  "INSERT INTO GlassOrders SELECT product, amount FROM Orders WHERE product LIKE '%Glass%'");
// execute all statements together
TableResult tableResult2 = stmtSet.execute();
// get job status through TableResult
System.out.println(tableResult2.getJobClient().get().getJobStatus());

```
{{< /tab >}}
{{< tab "Scala" >}}
```scala
val tEnv = TableEnvironment.create(...)

// register a source table named "Orders" and a sink table named "RubberOrders"
tEnv.executeSql("CREATE TABLE Orders (`user` BIGINT, product STRING, amount INT) WITH (...)")
tEnv.executeSql("CREATE TABLE RubberOrders(product STRING, amount INT) WITH (...)")

// run a single INSERT query on the registered source table and emit the result to registered sink table
val tableResult1 = tEnv.executeSql(
  "INSERT INTO RubberOrders SELECT product, amount FROM Orders WHERE product LIKE '%Rubber%'")
// get job status through TableResult
println(tableResult1.getJobClient().get().getJobStatus())

//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// register another sink table named "GlassOrders" for multiple INSERT queries
tEnv.executeSql("CREATE TABLE GlassOrders(product VARCHAR, amount INT) WITH (...)")

// run multiple INSERT queries on the registered source table and emit the result to registered sink tables
val stmtSet = tEnv.createStatementSet()
// only single INSERT query can be accepted by `addInsertSql` method
stmtSet.addInsertSql(
  "INSERT INTO RubberOrders SELECT product, amount FROM Orders WHERE product LIKE '%Rubber%'")
stmtSet.addInsertSql(
  "INSERT INTO GlassOrders SELECT product, amount FROM Orders WHERE product LIKE '%Glass%'")
// execute all statements together
val tableResult2 = stmtSet.execute()
// get job status through TableResult
println(tableResult2.getJobClient().get().getJobStatus())

```
{{< /tab >}}
{{< tab "Python" >}}
```python
table_env = TableEnvironment.create(...)

# register a source table named "Orders" and a sink table named "RubberOrders"
table_env.execute_sql("CREATE TABLE Orders (`user` BIGINT, product STRING, amount INT) WITH (...)")
table_env.execute_sql("CREATE TABLE RubberOrders(product STRING, amount INT) WITH (...)")

# run a single INSERT query on the registered source table and emit the result to registered sink table
table_result1 = table_env \
    .execute_sql("INSERT INTO RubberOrders SELECT product, amount FROM Orders WHERE product LIKE '%Rubber%'")
# get job status through TableResult
print(table_result1get_job_client().get_job_status())

#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# register another sink table named "GlassOrders" for multiple INSERT queries
table_env.execute_sql("CREATE TABLE GlassOrders(product VARCHAR, amount INT) WITH (...)")

# run multiple INSERT queries on the registered source table and emit the result to registered sink tables
stmt_set = table_env.create_statement_set()
# only single INSERT query can be accepted by `add_insert_sql` method
stmt_set \
    .add_insert_sql("INSERT INTO RubberOrders SELECT product, amount FROM Orders WHERE product LIKE '%Rubber%'")
stmt_set \
    .add_insert_sql("INSERT INTO GlassOrders SELECT product, amount FROM Orders WHERE product LIKE '%Glass%'")
# execute all statements together
table_result2 = stmt_set.execute()
# get job status through TableResult
print(table_result2.get_job_client().get_job_status())

```
{{< /tab >}}
{{< tab "SQL CLI" >}}
```sql
Flink SQL> CREATE TABLE Orders (`user` BIGINT, product STRING, amount INT) WITH (...);
[INFO] Table has been created.

Flink SQL> CREATE TABLE RubberOrders(product STRING, amount INT) WITH (...);

Flink SQL> SHOW TABLES;
Orders
RubberOrders

Flink SQL> INSERT INTO RubberOrders SELECT product, amount FROM Orders WHERE product LIKE '%Rubber%';
[INFO] Submitting SQL update statement to the cluster...
[INFO] Table update statement has been successfully submitted to the cluster:
```
{{< /tab >}}
{{< /tabs >}}

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## Insert from select queries

Query Results can be inserted into tables by using the insert clause.

### Syntax

```sql

[EXECUTE] INSERT { INTO | OVERWRITE } [catalog_name.][db_name.]table_name [PARTITION part_spec] [column_list] select_statement

part_spec:
  (part_col_name1=val1 [, part_col_name2=val2, ...])

column_list:
  (col_name1 [, column_name2, ...])
```

**OVERWRITE**

`INSERT OVERWRITE` will overwrite any existing data in the table or partition. Otherwise, new data is appended.

**PARTITION**

`PARTITION` clause should contain static partition columns of this inserting.

**COLUMN LIST**

Given a table T(a INT, b INT, c INT), Flink supports INSERT INTO T(c, b) SELECT x, y FROM S. The expectation is
that 'x' is written to column 'c' and 'y' is written to column 'b' and 'a' is set to NULL (assuming column 'a' is nullable).<br />
For connector developers who want to avoid overwriting non-target columns with null values when processing partial column updates,
you can get the information about the target columns specified by the user's insert statement from {{< gh_link file="flink-table/flink-table-common/src/main/java/org/apache/flink/table/connector/sink/DynamicTableSink.java" name="DynamicTableSink$Context.getTargetColumns()" >}}
and decide how to process the partial updates.

### Examples

```sql
-- Creates a partitioned table
CREATE TABLE country_page_view (user STRING, cnt INT, date STRING, country STRING)
PARTITIONED BY (date, country)
WITH (...)

-- Appends rows into the static partition (date='2019-8-30', country='China')
INSERT INTO country_page_view PARTITION (date='2019-8-30', country='China')
  SELECT user, cnt FROM page_view_source;
  
-- Key word EXECUTE can be added at the beginning of Insert to indicate explicitly that we are going to execute the statement,
-- it is equivalent to Statement without the key word. 
EXECUTE INSERT INTO country_page_view PARTITION (date='2019-8-30', country='China')
  SELECT user, cnt FROM page_view_source;

-- Appends rows into partition (date, country), where date is static partition with value '2019-8-30',
-- country is dynamic partition whose value is dynamic determined by each row.
INSERT INTO country_page_view PARTITION (date='2019-8-30')
  SELECT user, cnt, country FROM page_view_source;

-- Overwrites rows into static partition (date='2019-8-30', country='China')
INSERT OVERWRITE country_page_view PARTITION (date='2019-8-30', country='China')
  SELECT user, cnt FROM page_view_source;

-- Overwrites rows into partition (date, country), where date is static partition with value '2019-8-30',
-- country is dynamic partition whose value is dynamic determined by each row.
INSERT OVERWRITE country_page_view PARTITION (date='2019-8-30')
  SELECT user, cnt, country FROM page_view_source;

-- Appends rows into the static partition (date='2019-8-30', country='China')
-- the column cnt is set to NULL
INSERT INTO country_page_view PARTITION (date='2019-8-30', country='China') (user)
  SELECT user FROM page_view_source;
```


## Insert values into tables

The INSERT...VALUES statement can be used to insert data into tables directly from SQL.

### Syntax

```sql
[EXECUTE] INSERT { INTO | OVERWRITE } [catalog_name.][db_name.]table_name VALUES values_row [, values_row ...]

values_row:
    (val1 [, val2, ...])
```

**OVERWRITE**

`INSERT OVERWRITE` will overwrite any existing data in the table. Otherwise, new data is appended.

### Examples

```sql

CREATE TABLE students (name STRING, age INT, gpa DECIMAL(3, 2)) WITH (...);

INSERT INTO students
  VALUES ('fred flintstone', 35, 1.28), ('barney rubble', 32, 2.32);

```

## Insert into multiple tables
The `STATEMENT SET` can be used to insert data into multiple tables  in a statement.

### Syntax

```sql
EXECUTE STATEMENT SET
BEGIN
insert_statement;
...
insert_statement;
END;

insert_statement:
   <insert_from_select>|<insert_from_values>
```

### Examples

```sql

CREATE TABLE students (name STRING, age INT, gpa DECIMAL(3, 2)) WITH (...);

EXECUTE STATEMENT SET
BEGIN
INSERT INTO students
  VALUES ('fred flintstone', 35, 1.28), ('barney rubble', 32, 2.32);
INSERT INTO students
  VALUES ('fred flintstone', 35, 1.28), ('barney rubble', 32, 2.32);
END;
```

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