---
title: 部署
weight: 3
type: docs
aliases:
- /dev/table/materialized-table/deployment.html
---
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# Introduction

物化表的创建及运维涉及多个组件的协同工作。本文将从架构解析、环境准备、部署流程到操作实践，系统地说明物化表的完整部署方案。

# 架构介绍

- **Client**: 可以是任何能够与 [Flink SQL Gateway]({{< ref "docs/sql/interfaces/sql-gateway/overview" >}}) 交互的客户端，如 [SQL 客户端]({{< ref "docs/sql/interfaces/sql-client" >}})、[Flink JDBC 驱动]({{< ref "docs/sql/interfaces/jdbc-driver" >}}) 等。
- **Flink SQL Gateway**: 支持创建、修改和删除物化表。并包含了一个内置的工作流调度器，用于定期刷新全量模式的物化表。
- **Flink Cluster**: 用于运行物化表刷新作业的 Flink 集群。
- **Catalog**: 负责管理物化表元数据的创建、查询、修改和删除。
- **Catalog Store**: 提供 Catalog 属性持久化功能，以便在操作物化表时自动初始化 Catalog 并获取相关的元数据。

{{< img src="/fig/materialized-table-architecture.svg" alt="Illustration of Flink Materialized Table Architecture" width="85%" >}}


# 部署准备

## Flink 集群环境准备

物化表刷新作业目前支持在以下集群环境中运行：
* [Standalone clusters]({{<ref "docs/deployment/resource-providers/standalone/overview">}})
* [YARN clusters]({{<ref "docs/deployment/resource-providers/yarn" >}})
* [Kubernetes clusters]({{<ref "docs/deployment/resource-providers/native_kubernetes" >}})

## 部署 SQL Gateway

物化表必须通过 SQL Gateway 创建，SQL Gateway 需要针对元数据持久化和作业调度进行特定的配置。

### 配置 Catalog Store

在 `config.yaml` 中增加 `catalog store` 相关配置：
```yaml
table:
  catalog-store:
    kind: file
    file:
      path: {path_to_catalog_store} # 替换成实际的路径
```
更多详情配置可参考 [Catalog Store]({{<ref "docs/sql/catalogs">}}#catalog-store)。

### 配置工作流调度器插件

在 `config.yaml` 增加工作流调度器配置，用于定时调度刷新作业。 当前我们仅支持 `embedded` 调度器：

```yaml
workflow-scheduler:
  type: embedded
```

### 启动 SQL Gateway

使用以下命令启动 SQL Gateway：
```
./sql-gateway.sh start
```

<span class="label label-danger">注意</span>
Catalog 必须支持创建物化表，目前只有 [Paimon Catalog](https://paimon.apache.org/docs/master/concepts/table-types/#materialized-table) 支持。

# 操作指南

## 连接到 SQL Gateway

使用 SQL Client 的示例：

```shell
./sql-client.sh gateway --endpoint {gateway_endpoint}:{gateway_port}
```

## 创建物化表

### 在 Standalone 集群运行刷新作业

```sql
Flink SQL> SET 'execution.mode' = 'remote';
[INFO] Execute statement succeeded.

FLINK SQL> CREATE MATERIALIZED TABLE my_materialized_table
> ...
[INFO] Execute statement succeeded.
```

### 在 session 模式下运行刷新作业

在 session 模式下执行时，需要提前创建 session 集群，具体可以参考文档 [yarn-session]({{< ref "docs/deployment/resource-providers/yarn" >}}#starting-a-flink-session-on-yarn) 和 [kubernetes-session]({{<ref "docs/deployment/resource-providers/native_kubernetes" >}}#starting-a-flink-session-on-kubernetes)

**Kubernetes session 模式：**

```sql
Flink SQL> SET 'execution.mode' = 'kubernetes-session';
[INFO] Execute statement succeeded.

Flink SQL> SET 'kubernetes.cluster-id' = 'flink-cluster-mt-session-1';
[INFO] Execute statement succeeded.

FLINK SQL> CREATE MATERIALIZED TABLE my_materialized_table
> ...
[INFO] Execute statement succeeded.
```

设置 `execution.mode` 为 `kubernetes-session` 并设置参数 `kubernetes.cluster-id` 指向一个已经存在的 Kubernetes session 集群.

**YARN session 模式：**

```sql
Flink SQL> SET 'execution.mode' = 'yarn-session';
[INFO] Execute statement succeeded.

Flink SQL> SET 'yarn.application.id' = 'application-xxxx';
[INFO] Execute statement succeeded.

FLINK SQL> CREATE MATERIALIZED TABLE my_materialized_table
> ...
[INFO] Execute statement succeeded.
```
设置 `execution.mode` 为 `yarn-session` 并设置参数 `yarn.application.id` 指向一个已经存在的 YARN session 集群。

### 在 application 模式下运行刷新作业

**Kubernetes application 模式：**

```sql
Flink SQL> SET 'execution.mode' = 'kubernetes-application';
[INFO] Execute statement succeeded.

Flink SQL> SET 'kubernetes.cluster-id' = 'flink-cluster-mt-application-1';
[INFO] Execute statement succeeded.

FLINK SQL> CREATE MATERIALIZED TABLE my_materialized_table
> ...
[INFO] Execute statement succeeded.
```
设置 `execution.mode` 为 `kubernetes-application` ，`kubernetes.cluster-id` 是一个可选配置，如果未配置，在提交作业时会自动生成。

**YARN application 模式：**

```sql
Flink SQL> SET 'execution.mode' = 'yarn-application';
[INFO] Execute statement succeeded.

FLINK SQL> CREATE MATERIALIZED TABLE my_materialized_table
> ...
[INFO] Execute statement succeeded.
```
设置 `execution.mode` 为 `yarn-application` ，`yarn.application.id` 无需配置。

## 运维操作

集群信息（如 `execution.mode` 或 `kubernetes.cluster-id`）已持久化在 Catalog 中，暂停或恢复物化表刷新作业时无需重复设置。

### 暂停刷新作业
```sql
-- 暂停物化表刷新作业
Flink SQL> ALTER MATERIALIZED TABLE my_materialized_table SUSPEND
[INFO] Execute statement succeeded.
```

### 恢复刷新作业
```sql
-- 恢复物化表刷新作业
Flink SQL> ALTER MATERIALIZED TABLE my_materialized_table RESUME
[INFO] Execute statement succeeded.
```

### 修改查询定义
```sql
-- 修改物化表查询定义
Flink SQL> ALTER MATERIALIZED TABLE my_materialized_table
> AS 
> ...
[INFO] Execute statement succeeded.
```
