/*
 * Copyright 2012-present the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.springframework.boot.loader.tools;

import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileFilter;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.ArrayDeque;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.Deque;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.jar.JarEntry;
import java.util.jar.JarFile;

import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

import org.springframework.asm.AnnotationVisitor;
import org.springframework.asm.ClassReader;
import org.springframework.asm.ClassVisitor;
import org.springframework.asm.MethodVisitor;
import org.springframework.asm.Opcodes;
import org.springframework.asm.SpringAsmInfo;
import org.springframework.asm.Type;

/**
 * Finds any class with a {@code public static main} method by performing a breadth first
 * search.
 *
 * @author Phillip Webb
 * @author Andy Wilkinson
 * @since 1.0.0
 */
public abstract class MainClassFinder {

	private static final String DOT_CLASS = ".class";

	private static final Type STRING_ARRAY_TYPE = Type.getType(String[].class);

	private static final Type MAIN_METHOD_TYPE = Type.getMethodType(Type.VOID_TYPE, STRING_ARRAY_TYPE);

	private static final Type PARAMETERLESS_MAIN_METHOD_TYPE = Type.getMethodType(Type.VOID_TYPE);

	private static final String MAIN_METHOD_NAME = "main";

	private static final FileFilter CLASS_FILE_FILTER = MainClassFinder::isClassFile;

	private static final FileFilter PACKAGE_DIRECTORY_FILTER = MainClassFinder::isPackageDirectory;

	private static boolean isClassFile(File file) {
		return file.isFile() && file.getName().endsWith(DOT_CLASS);
	}

	private static boolean isPackageDirectory(File file) {
		return file.isDirectory() && !file.getName().startsWith(".");
	}

	/**
	 * Find the main class from a given directory.
	 * @param rootDirectory the root directory to search
	 * @return the main class or {@code null}
	 * @throws IOException if the directory cannot be read
	 */
	public static @Nullable String findMainClass(File rootDirectory) throws IOException {
		return doWithMainClasses(rootDirectory, MainClass::getName);
	}

	/**
	 * Find a single main class from the given {@code rootDirectory}.
	 * @param rootDirectory the root directory to search
	 * @return the main class or {@code null}
	 * @throws IOException if the directory cannot be read
	 */
	public static @Nullable String findSingleMainClass(File rootDirectory) throws IOException {
		return findSingleMainClass(rootDirectory, null);
	}

	/**
	 * Find a single main class from the given {@code rootDirectory}. A main class
	 * annotated with an annotation with the given {@code annotationName} will be
	 * preferred over a main class with no such annotation.
	 * @param rootDirectory the root directory to search
	 * @param annotationName the name of the annotation that may be present on the main
	 * class
	 * @return the main class or {@code null}
	 * @throws IOException if the directory cannot be read
	 */
	public static @Nullable String findSingleMainClass(File rootDirectory, @Nullable String annotationName)
			throws IOException {
		SingleMainClassCallback callback = new SingleMainClassCallback(annotationName);
		MainClassFinder.doWithMainClasses(rootDirectory, callback);
		return callback.getMainClassName();
	}

	/**
	 * Perform the given callback operation on all main classes from the given root
	 * directory.
	 * @param <T> the result type
	 * @param rootDirectory the root directory
	 * @param callback the callback
	 * @return the first callback result or {@code null}
	 * @throws IOException in case of I/O errors
	 */
	static <T> @Nullable T doWithMainClasses(File rootDirectory, MainClassCallback<T> callback) throws IOException {
		if (!rootDirectory.exists()) {
			return null; // nothing to do
		}
		if (!rootDirectory.isDirectory()) {
			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid root directory '" + rootDirectory + "'");
		}
		String prefix = rootDirectory.getAbsolutePath() + "/";
		Deque<File> stack = new ArrayDeque<>();
		stack.push(rootDirectory);
		while (!stack.isEmpty()) {
			File file = stack.pop();
			if (file.isFile()) {
				try (InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(file)) {
					ClassDescriptor classDescriptor = createClassDescriptor(inputStream);
					if (classDescriptor != null && classDescriptor.isMainMethodFound()) {
						String className = convertToClassName(file.getAbsolutePath(), prefix);
						T result = callback.doWith(new MainClass(className, classDescriptor.getAnnotationNames()));
						if (result != null) {
							return result;
						}
					}
				}
			}
			if (file.isDirectory()) {
				pushAllSorted(stack, file.listFiles(PACKAGE_DIRECTORY_FILTER));
				pushAllSorted(stack, file.listFiles(CLASS_FILE_FILTER));
			}
		}
		return null;
	}

	private static void pushAllSorted(Deque<File> stack, File @Nullable [] files) {
		if (files == null) {
			return;
		}
		Arrays.sort(files, Comparator.comparing(File::getName));
		for (File file : files) {
			stack.push(file);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Find the main class in a given jar file.
	 * @param jarFile the jar file to search
	 * @param classesLocation the location within the jar containing classes
	 * @return the main class or {@code null}
	 * @throws IOException if the jar file cannot be read
	 */
	public static @Nullable String findMainClass(JarFile jarFile, @Nullable String classesLocation) throws IOException {
		return doWithMainClasses(jarFile, classesLocation, MainClass::getName);
	}

	/**
	 * Find a single main class in a given jar file.
	 * @param jarFile the jar file to search
	 * @param classesLocation the location within the jar containing classes
	 * @return the main class or {@code null}
	 * @throws IOException if the jar file cannot be read
	 */
	public static @Nullable String findSingleMainClass(JarFile jarFile, @Nullable String classesLocation)
			throws IOException {
		return findSingleMainClass(jarFile, classesLocation, null);
	}

	/**
	 * Find a single main class in a given jar file. A main class annotated with an
	 * annotation with the given {@code annotationName} will be preferred over a main
	 * class with no such annotation.
	 * @param jarFile the jar file to search
	 * @param classesLocation the location within the jar containing classes
	 * @param annotationName the name of the annotation that may be present on the main
	 * class
	 * @return the main class or {@code null}
	 * @throws IOException if the jar file cannot be read
	 */
	public static @Nullable String findSingleMainClass(JarFile jarFile, @Nullable String classesLocation,
			@Nullable String annotationName) throws IOException {
		SingleMainClassCallback callback = new SingleMainClassCallback(annotationName);
		MainClassFinder.doWithMainClasses(jarFile, classesLocation, callback);
		return callback.getMainClassName();
	}

	/**
	 * Perform the given callback operation on all main classes from the given jar.
	 * @param <T> the result type
	 * @param jarFile the jar file to search
	 * @param classesLocation the location within the jar containing classes
	 * @param callback the callback
	 * @return the first callback result or {@code null}
	 * @throws IOException in case of I/O errors
	 */
	static <T> @Nullable T doWithMainClasses(JarFile jarFile, @Nullable String classesLocation,
			MainClassCallback<T> callback) throws IOException {
		List<JarEntry> classEntries = getClassEntries(jarFile, classesLocation);
		classEntries.sort(new ClassEntryComparator());
		for (JarEntry entry : classEntries) {
			try (InputStream inputStream = new BufferedInputStream(jarFile.getInputStream(entry))) {
				ClassDescriptor classDescriptor = createClassDescriptor(inputStream);
				if (classDescriptor != null && classDescriptor.isMainMethodFound()) {
					String className = convertToClassName(entry.getName(), classesLocation);
					T result = callback.doWith(new MainClass(className, classDescriptor.getAnnotationNames()));
					if (result != null) {
						return result;
					}
				}
			}
		}
		return null;
	}

	private static String convertToClassName(String name, @Nullable String prefix) {
		name = name.replace('/', '.');
		name = name.replace('\\', '.');
		name = name.substring(0, name.length() - DOT_CLASS.length());
		if (prefix != null) {
			name = name.substring(prefix.length());
		}
		return name;
	}

	private static List<JarEntry> getClassEntries(JarFile source, @Nullable String classesLocation) {
		classesLocation = (classesLocation != null) ? classesLocation : "";
		Enumeration<JarEntry> sourceEntries = source.entries();
		List<JarEntry> classEntries = new ArrayList<>();
		while (sourceEntries.hasMoreElements()) {
			JarEntry entry = sourceEntries.nextElement();
			if (entry.getName().startsWith(classesLocation) && entry.getName().endsWith(DOT_CLASS)) {
				classEntries.add(entry);
			}
		}
		return classEntries;
	}

	private static @Nullable ClassDescriptor createClassDescriptor(InputStream inputStream) {
		try {
			ClassReader classReader = new ClassReader(inputStream);
			ClassDescriptor classDescriptor = new ClassDescriptor();
			classReader.accept(classDescriptor, ClassReader.SKIP_CODE);
			return classDescriptor;
		}
		catch (IOException ex) {
			return null;
		}
	}

	private static final class ClassEntryComparator implements Comparator<JarEntry> {

		@Override
		public int compare(JarEntry o1, JarEntry o2) {
			Integer d1 = getDepth(o1);
			Integer d2 = getDepth(o2);
			int depthCompare = d1.compareTo(d2);
			if (depthCompare != 0) {
				return depthCompare;
			}
			return o1.getName().compareTo(o2.getName());
		}

		private int getDepth(JarEntry entry) {
			return entry.getName().split("/").length;
		}

	}

	private static class ClassDescriptor extends ClassVisitor {

		private final Set<String> annotationNames = new LinkedHashSet<>();

		private boolean mainMethodFound;

		private boolean java25OrLater;

		ClassDescriptor() {
			super(SpringAsmInfo.ASM_VERSION);
		}

		@Override
		public void visit(int version, int access, String name, String signature, String superName,
				String[] interfaces) {
			if (version >= 69) {
				this.java25OrLater = true;
			}
		}

		@Override
		public @Nullable AnnotationVisitor visitAnnotation(String desc, boolean visible) {
			this.annotationNames.add(Type.getType(desc).getClassName());
			return null;
		}

		@Override
		public @Nullable MethodVisitor visitMethod(int access, String name, String desc, String signature,
				String[] exceptions) {
			if (hasRequiredAccess(access) && MAIN_METHOD_NAME.equals(name)) {
				if (MAIN_METHOD_TYPE.getDescriptor().equals(desc)
						|| (this.java25OrLater && PARAMETERLESS_MAIN_METHOD_TYPE.getDescriptor().equals(desc))) {
					this.mainMethodFound = true;
				}
			}
			return null;
		}

		private boolean hasRequiredAccess(int access) {
			if (this.java25OrLater) {
				return !isAccess(access, Opcodes.ACC_PRIVATE) && isAccess(access, Opcodes.ACC_STATIC);
			}
			else {
				return isAccess(access, Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC, Opcodes.ACC_STATIC);
			}
		}

		private boolean isAccess(int access, int... requiredOpsCodes) {
			for (int requiredOpsCode : requiredOpsCodes) {
				if ((access & requiredOpsCode) == 0) {
					return false;
				}
			}
			return true;
		}

		boolean isMainMethodFound() {
			return this.mainMethodFound;
		}

		Set<String> getAnnotationNames() {
			return this.annotationNames;
		}

	}

	/**
	 * Callback for handling {@link MainClass MainClasses}.
	 *
	 * @param <T> the callback's return type
	 */
	interface MainClassCallback<T> {

		/**
		 * Handle the specified main class.
		 * @param mainClass the main class
		 * @return a non-null value if processing should end or {@code null} to continue
		 */
		@Nullable T doWith(MainClass mainClass);

	}

	/**
	 * A class with a {@code main} method.
	 */
	static final class MainClass {

		private final String name;

		private final Set<String> annotationNames;

		/**
		 * Creates a new {@code MainClass} rather represents the main class with the given
		 * {@code name}. The class is annotated with the annotations with the given
		 * {@code annotationNames}.
		 * @param name the name of the class
		 * @param annotationNames the names of the annotations on the class
		 */
		MainClass(String name, Set<String> annotationNames) {
			this.name = name;
			this.annotationNames = Collections.unmodifiableSet(new HashSet<>(annotationNames));
		}

		String getName() {
			return this.name;
		}

		Set<String> getAnnotationNames() {
			return this.annotationNames;
		}

		@Override
		public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
			if (this == obj) {
				return true;
			}
			if (obj == null) {
				return false;
			}
			if (getClass() != obj.getClass()) {
				return false;
			}
			MainClass other = (MainClass) obj;
			return this.name.equals(other.name);
		}

		@Override
		public int hashCode() {
			return this.name.hashCode();
		}

		@Override
		public String toString() {
			return this.name;
		}

	}

	/**
	 * Find a single main class, throwing an {@link IllegalStateException} if multiple
	 * candidates exist.
	 */
	private static final class SingleMainClassCallback implements MainClassCallback<Object> {

		private final Set<MainClass> mainClasses = new LinkedHashSet<>();

		private final @Nullable String annotationName;

		private SingleMainClassCallback(@Nullable String annotationName) {
			this.annotationName = annotationName;
		}

		@Override
		public @Nullable Object doWith(MainClass mainClass) {
			this.mainClasses.add(mainClass);
			return null;
		}

		private @Nullable String getMainClassName() {
			Set<MainClass> matchingMainClasses = new LinkedHashSet<>();
			if (this.annotationName != null) {
				for (MainClass mainClass : this.mainClasses) {
					if (mainClass.getAnnotationNames().contains(this.annotationName)) {
						matchingMainClasses.add(mainClass);
					}
				}
			}
			if (matchingMainClasses.isEmpty()) {
				matchingMainClasses.addAll(this.mainClasses);
			}
			if (matchingMainClasses.size() > 1) {
				throw new IllegalStateException(
						"Unable to find a single main class from the following candidates " + matchingMainClasses);
			}
			return (matchingMainClasses.isEmpty() ? null : matchingMainClasses.iterator().next().getName());
		}

	}

}
