"""
Gateway subcommand for hermes CLI.

Handles: hermes gateway [run|start|stop|restart|status|install|uninstall|setup]
"""

import asyncio
import json
import logging
import os
import shlex
import shutil
import signal
import subprocess
import sys
import textwrap
import time
from dataclasses import dataclass
from pathlib import Path

# Ensure /bin and /usr/bin are on PATH so launchctl/systemctl are discoverable
# when running under UV's bundled Python which ships a minimal PATH (#3849).
if os.name == "posix":
    _sys_dirs = {"/bin", "/usr/bin", "/usr/sbin", "/sbin"}
    _path_dirs = set(os.environ.get("PATH", "").split(os.pathsep))
    _missing = _sys_dirs - _path_dirs
    if _missing:
        os.environ["PATH"] = os.environ.get("PATH", "") + os.pathsep + os.pathsep.join(sorted(_missing))

PROJECT_ROOT = Path(__file__).parent.parent.resolve()

from gateway.config import coerce_systemd_watchdog_seconds, load_gateway_config
from gateway.status import terminate_pid
from gateway.restart import (
    DEFAULT_GATEWAY_RESTART_DRAIN_TIMEOUT,
    EXTERNAL_GATEWAY_SUPERVISOR_ENV,
    GATEWAY_FATAL_CONFIG_EXIT_CODE,
    GATEWAY_SERVICE_RESTART_EXIT_CODE,
    is_gateway_supervisor_process,
    parse_restart_drain_timeout,
)
from hermes_cli.config import (
    get_env_value,
    get_hermes_home,
    is_managed,
    managed_error,
    read_raw_config,
    save_env_value,
    write_platform_config_field,
)

# display_hermes_home is imported lazily at call sites to avoid ImportError
# when hermes_constants is cached from a pre-update version during `hermes update`.
from hermes_cli.setup import (
    print_header,
    print_info,
    print_success,
    print_warning,
    print_error,
    prompt,
    prompt_choice,
    prompt_yes_no,
)
from hermes_cli.colors import Colors, color

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

# =============================================================================
# Process Management (for manual gateway runs)
# =============================================================================


@dataclass(frozen=True)
class GatewayRuntimeSnapshot:
    manager: str
    service_installed: bool = False
    service_running: bool = False
    gateway_pids: tuple[int, ...] = ()
    service_scope: str | None = None

    @property
    def running(self) -> bool:
        return self.service_running or bool(self.gateway_pids)

    @property
    def has_process_service_mismatch(self) -> bool:
        return self.service_installed and self.running and not self.service_running


@dataclass(frozen=True)
class ProfileGatewayProcess:
    profile: str
    path: Path
    pid: int


def _get_service_pids() -> set:
    """Return PIDs currently managed by systemd or launchd gateway services.

    Used to avoid killing freshly-restarted service processes when sweeping
    for stale manual gateway processes after a service restart.  Relies on the
    service manager having committed the new PID before the restart command
    returns (true for both systemd and launchd in practice).
    """
    pids: set = set()

    # --- systemd (Linux): user and system scopes ---
    if supports_systemd_services():
        for scope_args in [["systemctl", "--user"], ["systemctl"]]:
            try:
                result = subprocess.run(
                    scope_args
                    + [
                        "list-units",
                        "hermes-gateway*",
                        "--plain",
                        "--no-legend",
                        "--no-pager",
                    ],
                    capture_output=True,
                    text=True, encoding='utf-8', errors='replace',
                    timeout=5,
                )
                for line in result.stdout.strip().splitlines():
                    parts = line.split()
                    if not parts or not parts[0].endswith(".service"):
                        continue
                    svc = parts[0]
                    try:
                        show = subprocess.run(
                            scope_args + ["show", svc, "--property=MainPID", "--value"],
                            capture_output=True,
                            text=True, encoding='utf-8', errors='replace',
                            timeout=5,
                        )
                        pid = int(show.stdout.strip())
                        if pid > 0:
                            pids.add(pid)
                    except (ValueError, subprocess.TimeoutExpired):
                        pass
            except (FileNotFoundError, subprocess.TimeoutExpired):
                pass

    # --- launchd (macOS) ---
    if is_macos():
        try:
            label = get_launchd_label()
            result = subprocess.run(
                ["launchctl", "list", label],
                capture_output=True,
                text=True, encoding='utf-8', errors='replace',
                timeout=5,
            )
            if result.returncode == 0:
                # Try plist format first (macOS 26+): "PID" = <N>;
                pid = _parse_launchd_pid_from_list_output(result.stdout)
                if pid is not None and pid > 0:
                    pids.add(pid)
                else:
                    # Fall back to legacy tab-separated format:
                    # "PID\tStatus\tLabel"
                    for line in result.stdout.strip().splitlines():
                        parts = line.split()
                        if len(parts) >= 3 and parts[2] == label:
                            try:
                                pid = int(parts[0])
                                if pid > 0:
                                    pids.add(pid)
                            except ValueError:
                                pass
        except (FileNotFoundError, subprocess.TimeoutExpired):
            pass

    return pids


def _get_parent_pid(pid: int) -> int | None:
    """Return the parent PID for ``pid``, or ``None`` when unavailable.

    Uses psutil (core dependency) which works on every platform.  The
    older implementation shelled out to ``ps -o ppid= -p <pid>``, which
    silently fails on Windows (no ``ps``) so the ancestor walk terminated
    at self — the caller's dedup / exclude logic then couldn't distinguish
    "hermes CLI that invoked this scan" from "real gateway process".
    """
    if pid <= 1:
        return None
    try:
        import psutil  # type: ignore

        return psutil.Process(pid).ppid() or None
    except ImportError:
        pass
    except Exception:
        return None
    # Fallback: shell out to ps (POSIX only).  Git Bash installs ``ps.exe`` on
    # Windows; running it from the windowless desktop/gateway backend flashes a
    # console, and psutil above is the authoritative Windows path anyway.
    if is_windows():
        return None
    if not shutil.which("ps"):
        return None
    try:
        result = subprocess.run(
            ["ps", "-o", "ppid=", "-p", str(pid)],
            capture_output=True,
            text=True, encoding='utf-8', errors='replace',
            timeout=5,
        )
    except (FileNotFoundError, subprocess.TimeoutExpired):
        return None
    if result.returncode != 0:
        return None
    raw = result.stdout.strip()
    if not raw:
        return None
    try:
        parent_pid = int(raw.splitlines()[-1].strip())
    except ValueError:
        return None
    return parent_pid if parent_pid > 0 else None


def _is_pid_ancestor_of_current_process(target_pid: int) -> bool:
    """Return True when ``target_pid`` is this process or one of its ancestors."""
    if target_pid <= 0:
        return False

    pid = os.getpid()
    seen: set[int] = set()
    while pid and pid not in seen:
        if pid == target_pid:
            return True
        seen.add(pid)
        pid = _get_parent_pid(pid) or 0
    return False


def _request_gateway_self_restart(pid: int) -> bool:
    """Ask a running gateway ancestor to restart itself asynchronously."""
    if not hasattr(signal, "SIGUSR1"):
        return False
    if not _is_pid_ancestor_of_current_process(pid):
        return False
    try:
        os.kill(pid, signal.SIGUSR1)  # windows-footgun: ok — POSIX signal, guarded by hasattr(signal, 'SIGUSR1') above
    except (ProcessLookupError, PermissionError, OSError):
        return False
    return True


def _graceful_restart_via_sigusr1(pid: int, drain_timeout: float) -> bool:
    """Send SIGUSR1 to a gateway PID and wait for it to exit gracefully.

    SIGUSR1 is wired in gateway/run.py to ``request_restart(via_service=True)``
    which drains in-flight agent runs (up to ``agent.restart_drain_timeout``
    seconds), then exits.  Both systemd (``Restart=always``) and launchd
    (unconditional ``<key>KeepAlive</key><true/>``) restart on any exit.

    This is the drain-aware alternative to ``systemctl restart`` / ``SIGTERM``,
    which SIGKILL in-flight agents after a short timeout.

    Args:
        pid: Gateway process PID (systemd MainPID, launchd PID, or bare
            process PID).
        drain_timeout: Seconds to wait for the process to exit after sending
            SIGUSR1.  Should be slightly larger than the gateway's
            ``agent.restart_drain_timeout`` to allow the drain loop to
            finish cleanly.

    Returns:
        True if the PID was signalled and exited within the timeout.
        False if SIGUSR1 couldn't be sent or the process didn't exit in
        time (caller should fall back to a harder restart path).
    """
    if not hasattr(signal, "SIGUSR1"):
        return False
    if pid <= 0:
        return False
    try:
        os.kill(pid, signal.SIGUSR1)  # windows-footgun: ok — POSIX signal, guarded by hasattr(signal, 'SIGUSR1') above
    except ProcessLookupError:
        # Already gone — nothing to drain.
        return True
    except (PermissionError, OSError):
        return False

    import time as _time

    deadline = _time.monotonic() + max(drain_timeout, 1.0)
    # IMPORTANT Windows note: ``os.kill(pid, 0)`` is NOT a no-op on
    # Windows — Python's implementation calls ``TerminateProcess(handle, 0)``
    # for sig=0, hard-killing the target. Use the cross-platform
    # ``_pid_exists`` helper in gateway.status which does OpenProcess +
    # WaitForSingleObject on Windows.
    from gateway.status import _pid_exists

    while _time.monotonic() < deadline:
        if not _pid_exists(pid):
            return True
        _time.sleep(0.5)
    # Drain didn't finish in time.
    return False


def _get_ancestor_pids() -> set[int]:
    """Return the set of PIDs in the current process's ancestor chain.

    Walks from the current PID up to PID 1 (init) so that process-table scans
    never match the calling CLI process or any of its parents.  This prevents
    ``hermes gateway status`` from falsely counting the ``hermes`` CLI that
    invoked it as a running gateway instance (see #13242).
    """
    ancestors: set[int] = set()
    pid = os.getpid()
    # Cap iterations to avoid infinite loops on exotic platforms.
    for _ in range(64):
        ancestors.add(pid)
        parent = _get_parent_pid(pid)
        if parent is None or parent <= 0 or parent in ancestors:
            break
        pid = parent
    return ancestors


def _append_unique_pid(
    pids: list[int], pid: int | None, exclude_pids: set[int]
) -> None:
    if pid is None or pid <= 0:
        return
    if pid == os.getpid() or pid in exclude_pids or pid in pids:
        return
    pids.append(pid)


def _scan_gateway_pids(
    exclude_pids: set[int],
    all_profiles: bool = False,
    include_restart_managers: bool = False,
) -> list[int]:
    """Best-effort process-table scan for gateway PIDs.

    This supplements the profile-scoped PID file so status views can still spot
    a live gateway when the PID file is stale/missing, and ``--all`` sweeps can
    discover gateways outside the current profile.
    """
    # Exclude the entire ancestor chain so the CLI process that invoked this
    # scan (e.g. ``hermes gateway status``) is never mistaken for a running
    # gateway.  See #13242.
    exclude_pids = exclude_pids | _get_ancestor_pids()
    pids: list[int] = []
    # Strict command-line matcher shared with gateway.status: requires the
    # actual ``gateway run`` subcommand (or the dedicated entrypoints), so this
    # scan no longer false-matches ``gateway status``/``dashboard`` siblings or
    # unrelated processes like ``python -m tui_gateway``. Lazy import mirrors the
    # circular-import avoidance used elsewhere in this module.
    from gateway.status import (
        looks_like_gateway_command_line,
        looks_like_gateway_runtime_command_line,
    )
    current_home = str(get_hermes_home().resolve())
    # Forward slashes on both sides of the HERMES_HOME= match — see
    # gateway.status._command_line_belongs_to_profile, which this mirrors.
    current_home_lc = current_home.lower().replace("\\", "/")
    current_profile_arg = _profile_arg(current_home)
    current_profile_name = (
        current_profile_arg.split()[-1] if current_profile_arg else ""
    )
    current_profile_name_lc = current_profile_name.lower()

    def _matches_current_profile(command: str) -> bool:
        command_lc = command.lower().replace("\\", "/")
        if current_profile_name:
            return (
                f"--profile {current_profile_name_lc}" in command_lc
                or f"-p {current_profile_name_lc}" in command_lc
                or f"hermes_home={current_home_lc}" in command_lc
            )

        # Default-profile case: no profile flag in argv. Accept as long as
        # the command doesn't advertise *some other* profile. HERMES_HOME
        # may be passed via env (not visible in wmic/CIM command line) so
        # its absence is NOT disqualifying — only a non-matching explicit
        # HERMES_HOME= in argv is.
        if "--profile " in command_lc or " -p " in command_lc:
            return False
        if (
            "hermes_home=" in command_lc
            and f"hermes_home={current_home_lc}" not in command_lc
        ):
            return False
        return True

    def _matches_gateway_runtime(command: str) -> bool:
        if looks_like_gateway_command_line(command):
            return True
        return include_restart_managers and looks_like_gateway_runtime_command_line(command)

    try:
        if is_windows():
            # Prefer wmic when present (fast, stable output format).  On
            # modern Windows 11 / Win 10 late builds, wmic has been
            # removed as part of the WMIC deprecation — fall back to
            # PowerShell's Get-CimInstance.  Any OSError here (FileNotFoundError
            # on missing wmic) trips the fallback.
            # Hide the console window: this scan runs inside the windowless
            # pythonw.exe gateway/desktop backend, so a bare wmic/powershell
            # spawn would flash a conhost window on every watchdog probe.
            from hermes_cli._subprocess_compat import windows_hide_flags

            _no_window = {"creationflags": windows_hide_flags()}
            wmic_path = shutil.which("wmic")
            result = None
            if wmic_path is not None:
                try:
                    result = subprocess.run(
                        [
                            wmic_path,
                            "process",
                            "get",
                            "ProcessId,CommandLine",
                            "/FORMAT:LIST",
                        ],
                        capture_output=True,
                        text=True,
                        encoding="utf-8",
                        errors="ignore",
                        timeout=10,
                        **_no_window,
                    )
                except (OSError, subprocess.TimeoutExpired):
                    result = None
            if result is None or result.returncode != 0 or not (result.stdout or ""):
                # Fallback: PowerShell Get-CimInstance, emit LIST-style output
                # so the downstream parser below doesn't need to branch.
                powershell = shutil.which("powershell") or shutil.which("pwsh")
                if powershell is None:
                    return []
                ps_cmd = (
                    "Get-CimInstance Win32_Process | "
                    "ForEach-Object { "
                    "  'CommandLine=' + ($_.CommandLine -replace \"`r`n\",' ' -replace \"`n\",' '); "
                    "  'ProcessId=' + $_.ProcessId; "
                    "  '' "
                    "}"
                )
                try:
                    result = subprocess.run(
                        [powershell, "-NoProfile", "-Command", ps_cmd],
                        capture_output=True,
                        text=True,
                        encoding="utf-8",
                        errors="ignore",
                        timeout=15,
                        **_no_window,
                    )
                except (OSError, subprocess.TimeoutExpired):
                    return []
            if result.returncode != 0 or result.stdout is None:
                return []
            current_cmd = ""
            for line in result.stdout.split("\n"):
                line = line.strip()
                if line.startswith("CommandLine="):
                    current_cmd = line[len("CommandLine=") :]
                elif line.startswith("ProcessId="):
                    pid_str = line[len("ProcessId=") :]
                    if _matches_gateway_runtime(current_cmd) and (
                        all_profiles or _matches_current_profile(current_cmd)
                    ):
                        try:
                            _append_unique_pid(pids, int(pid_str), exclude_pids)
                        except ValueError:
                            pass
                    current_cmd = ""
        else:
            # Try /proc first (works in Docker without procps installed),
            # fall back to ps -A eww.
            _found_via_proc = False
            if os.path.isdir("/proc"):
                try:
                    my_pid = os.getpid()
                    for entry in os.listdir("/proc"):
                        if not entry.isdigit():
                            continue
                        pid = int(entry)
                        if pid == my_pid or pid in exclude_pids:
                            continue
                        try:
                            with open(f"/proc/{pid}/cmdline", "rb") as _f:
                                cmdline = _f.read().decode("utf-8", errors="replace")
                            cmdline = cmdline.replace("\x00", " ")
                            if _matches_gateway_runtime(cmdline) and (
                                all_profiles or _matches_current_profile(cmdline)
                            ):
                                _append_unique_pid(pids, pid, exclude_pids)
                        except (OSError, PermissionError):
                            continue
                    _found_via_proc = True
                except Exception:
                    pass

            if not _found_via_proc:
                result = subprocess.run(
                    ["ps", "-A", "eww", "-o", "pid=,command="],
                    capture_output=True,
                    text=True, encoding='utf-8', errors='replace',
                    timeout=10,
                )
                if result.returncode != 0:
                    return []
                for line in result.stdout.split("\n"):
                    stripped = line.strip()
                    if not stripped or "grep" in stripped:
                        continue

                    pid = None
                    command = ""

                    parts = stripped.split(None, 1)
                    if len(parts) == 2:
                        try:
                            pid = int(parts[0])
                            command = parts[1]
                        except ValueError:
                            pid = None

                    if pid is None:
                        aux_parts = stripped.split()
                        if len(aux_parts) > 10 and aux_parts[1].isdigit():
                            pid = int(aux_parts[1])
                            command = " ".join(aux_parts[10:])

                    if pid is None:
                        continue
                    if _matches_gateway_runtime(command) and (
                        all_profiles or _matches_current_profile(command)
                    ):
                        _append_unique_pid(pids, pid, exclude_pids)
    except (OSError, subprocess.TimeoutExpired):
        return []

    # Windows-specific: collapse venv launcher stubs.  A venv-built
    # ``pythonw.exe`` in ``<venv>/Scripts/`` is a ~100 KB launcher exe
    # that spawns the base Python (e.g. ``C:\Program Files\Python311\
    # pythonw.exe``) with the same command line, preserving the venv's
    # ``pyvenv.cfg`` context.  This is standard Windows CPython venv
    # behaviour — BUT it means every gateway run produces two pythonw
    # PIDs with identical command lines (one launcher stub, one actual
    # interpreter) which is confusing in ``gateway status`` output.
    # Filter the stub: if a PID in our result is the PARENT of another
    # PID in our result, and both are pythonw.exe, the parent is the
    # launcher stub — drop it, keep the child.
    if is_windows() and len(pids) > 1:
        pids = _filter_venv_launcher_stubs(pids)

    return pids


def _filter_venv_launcher_stubs(pids: list[int]) -> list[int]:
    """Drop venv-launcher ``pythonw.exe`` stubs that are parents of the real
    interpreter process.  See comment at the tail of ``_scan_gateway_pids``.

    Uses ``psutil`` (core dependency).  Safe on any platform; only invoked
    on Windows by the caller because the stub pattern is Windows-specific.
    """
    try:
        import psutil  # type: ignore
    except ImportError:
        return pids

    pid_set = set(pids)
    # Collect each PID's parent so we can flag "child of another matched PID".
    parent_of: dict[int, int | None] = {}
    for pid in pids:
        try:
            parent_of[pid] = psutil.Process(pid).ppid()
        except (psutil.NoSuchProcess, psutil.AccessDenied):
            parent_of[pid] = None

    # For each child whose parent is also in our set, drop the parent.
    drop: set[int] = set()
    for pid, ppid in parent_of.items():
        if ppid is not None and ppid in pid_set:
            drop.add(ppid)

    return [p for p in pids if p not in drop]


def find_gateway_pids(
    exclude_pids: set | None = None, all_profiles: bool = False
) -> list:
    """Find PIDs of running gateway processes.

    Args:
        exclude_pids: PIDs to exclude from the result (e.g. service-managed
            PIDs that should not be killed during a stale-process sweep).
        all_profiles: When ``True``, return gateway PIDs across **all**
            profiles (the pre-7923 global behaviour).  ``hermes update``
            needs this because a code update affects every profile.
            When ``False`` (default), only PIDs belonging to the current
            Hermes profile are returned.
    """
    _exclude = set(exclude_pids or set())
    pids: list[int] = []
    if not all_profiles:
        try:
            from gateway.status import get_running_pid

            _append_unique_pid(pids, get_running_pid(), _exclude)
        except Exception:
            pass
    for pid in _get_service_pids():
        _append_unique_pid(pids, pid, _exclude)
    try:
        include_restart_managers = not supports_systemd_services()
    except Exception:
        include_restart_managers = False
    for pid in _scan_gateway_pids(
        _exclude,
        all_profiles=all_profiles,
        include_restart_managers=include_restart_managers,
    ):
        _append_unique_pid(pids, pid, _exclude)
    return pids


def find_profile_gateway_processes(
    exclude_pids: set | None = None,
) -> list[ProfileGatewayProcess]:
    """Return running gateway PIDs mapped to Hermes profiles via PID files."""
    _exclude = set(exclude_pids or set())
    processes: list[ProfileGatewayProcess] = []
    try:
        from gateway.status import get_running_pid
        from hermes_cli.profiles import list_profiles
    except Exception:
        return processes

    seen: set[int] = set()
    for profile in list_profiles():
        try:
            pid = get_running_pid(profile.path / "gateway.pid", cleanup_stale=False)
        except Exception:
            continue
        if pid is None or pid <= 0 or pid in _exclude or pid in seen:
            continue
        seen.add(pid)
        processes.append(
            ProfileGatewayProcess(profile=profile.name, path=profile.path, pid=pid)
        )
    return processes


def _gateway_run_args_for_profile(profile: str) -> list[str]:
    args = [get_python_path(), "-m", "hermes_cli.main"]
    if profile != "default":
        args.extend(["--profile", profile])
    args.extend(["gateway", "run", "--replace"])
    return args


def _capture_gateway_argv(pid: int) -> list[str] | None:
    """Return the live argv of a running gateway process, or ``None``.

    Used to respawn gateways that have no profile→PID-file mapping (e.g. a
    Windows Scheduled Task running ``pythonw.exe -m hermes_cli.main gateway
    run``). ``_pause_windows_gateways_for_update`` force-kills such gateways
    before mutating the venv; without their original command line we cannot
    bring them back, so we snapshot it here before the kill.

    Best-effort: returns ``None`` if psutil is unavailable, the process is
    gone, access is denied, or the argv doesn't look like a gateway command.
    """
    if pid <= 1:
        return None
    try:
        import psutil  # type: ignore
    except ImportError:
        return None
    try:
        argv = list(psutil.Process(pid).cmdline() or [])
    except (psutil.NoSuchProcess, psutil.AccessDenied, psutil.ZombieProcess):
        return None
    except Exception:
        return None
    if not argv:
        return None
    # Guard against snapshotting an unrelated process whose PID happened to be
    # reported by the scan: only respawn things that actually look like a
    # gateway run command line.
    try:
        from gateway.status import looks_like_gateway_command_line

        if not looks_like_gateway_command_line(" ".join(argv)):
            return None
    except Exception:
        pass
    return argv


def _prepare_profile_gateway_update_restart(profile: str, pid: int) -> str | None:
    """Choose who relaunches a profile gateway after ``hermes update``.

    A gateway started with ``--external-supervisor`` must exit back to that
    manager. Starting Hermes's detached watcher as well would escape the
    manager and race its replacement process. Ordinary foreground gateways
    retain the existing detached-watcher behavior.
    """
    argv = _capture_gateway_argv(pid)
    if argv and "--external-supervisor" in argv:
        return "external-supervisor"
    if launch_detached_profile_gateway_restart(profile, pid):
        return "detached"
    return None


def launch_detached_gateway_restart_by_cmdline(
    old_pid: int, run_argv: list[str]
) -> bool:
    """Relaunch a gateway by replaying its captured command line after exit.

    Companion to ``launch_detached_profile_gateway_restart`` for gateways that
    have no profile→PID-file mapping (Scheduled-Task / manually-launched
    ``gateway run`` whose HERMES_HOME or argv doesn't match a known profile).
    Uses the identical detached-watcher mechanism; only the respawn argv
    differs (the process's own argv instead of a profile-derived one).
    """
    if old_pid <= 0 or not run_argv:
        return False
    return _spawn_gateway_restart_watcher(old_pid, list(run_argv))


def launch_detached_profile_gateway_restart(profile: str, old_pid: int) -> bool:
    """Relaunch a manually-run profile gateway after its current PID exits."""
    if old_pid <= 0:
        return False
    return _spawn_gateway_restart_watcher(old_pid, _gateway_run_args_for_profile(profile))


def _spawn_gateway_restart_watcher(old_pid: int, run_argv: list[str]) -> bool:
    """Spawn the detached watcher that respawns ``run_argv`` once ``old_pid`` exits."""
    if old_pid <= 0 or not run_argv:
        return False

    # The watcher is a tiny Python subprocess that polls the old PID and
    # respawns the gateway once it's gone.  Both legs of the chain need
    # platform-appropriate detach semantics:
    #
    # POSIX — ``start_new_session=True`` (os.setsid in the child) detaches
    # from the parent's process group so Ctrl+C in the CLI doesn't
    # propagate and the watcher/gateway survive the CLI exiting.
    #
    # Windows — ``start_new_session`` is silently accepted but does NOT
    # detach.  The watcher stays attached to the CLI's console and dies
    # when the user closes the terminal, leaving ``hermes update`` users
    # with no running gateway until they re-invoke ``hermes gateway``
    # manually.  The Win32 equivalent is the ``CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP |
    # DETACHED_PROCESS | CREATE_NO_WINDOW`` creationflags bundle.
    #
    # ``windows_detach_popen_kwargs()`` returns the right kwargs for the
    # host platform and is a no-op on POSIX (just ``start_new_session=True``).
    from hermes_cli._subprocess_compat import (
        windows_detach_flags_without_breakaway,
        windows_detach_popen_kwargs,
    )

    # On Windows the incoming ``run_argv`` leads with the venv's console
    # ``python.exe`` (from ``get_python_path()``).  That's the interpreter we
    # want: the watcher respawns it under CREATE_NO_WINDOW detach flags, so
    # the gateway owns one hidden console that all descendants inherit —
    # nothing flashes (#54220/#56747).  The spec helper normalizes the
    # interpreter and captures the stable cwd + env overlay (HERMES_HOME,
    # VIRTUAL_ENV, PYTHONPATH) so the respawn doesn't depend on the watcher's
    # transient working directory.  No-op on POSIX.
    # See gateway_windows.windowless_gateway_restart_spec.
    respawn_cwd = ""
    respawn_env_overlay: dict[str, str] = {}
    if sys.platform == "win32":
        try:
            from hermes_cli.gateway_windows import (
                windowless_gateway_restart_spec,
            )

            run_argv, respawn_cwd, respawn_env_overlay = (
                windowless_gateway_restart_spec(list(run_argv))
            )
        except Exception:
            # Best-effort: if the rewrite fails for any reason, fall back to
            # the original argv.  A visible window is worse than nothing, but
            # a failed respawn is worse still — keep the gateway coming back.
            respawn_cwd = ""
            respawn_env_overlay = {}

    # Serialized as JSON literals embedded in the watcher source so the
    # inner respawn can apply cwd= / env= without extra argv plumbing.
    respawn_cwd_literal = json.dumps(respawn_cwd)
    respawn_env_literal = json.dumps(respawn_env_overlay)

    watcher = textwrap.dedent(
        """
        import os
        import subprocess
        import sys
        import time
        from hermes_cli._subprocess_compat import (
            windows_detach_flags,
            windows_detach_flags_without_breakaway,
        )

        pid = int(sys.argv[1])
        cmd = sys.argv[2:]
        _respawn_cwd = {respawn_cwd_literal}
        _respawn_env_overlay = {respawn_env_literal}
        deadline = time.monotonic() + 120
        while time.monotonic() < deadline:
            # ``os.kill(pid, 0)`` is not a no-op on Windows — use the
            # cross-platform existence check.
            from gateway.status import _pid_exists
            if not _pid_exists(pid):
                break
            time.sleep(0.2)

        # Platform-appropriate detach for the respawned gateway.  On POSIX
        # start_new_session=True maps to os.setsid; on Windows we need
        # explicit creationflags because start_new_session is a no-op there.
        # CREATE_BREAKAWAY_FROM_JOB is critical: the watcher itself may have
        # been spawned inside a job object (Electron/Tauri parent), and
        # without breakaway the respawned gateway would die when that job
        # tears down. See _subprocess_compat.windows_detach_flags().
        _popen_kwargs = {{
            "stdout": subprocess.DEVNULL,
            "stderr": subprocess.DEVNULL,
        }}
        # Anchor the respawned gateway at the stable working dir and overlay
        # the env (VIRTUAL_ENV / PYTHONPATH / HERMES_HOME) the windowless
        # base interpreter needs to import hermes_cli.  Empty on POSIX, where
        # the venv python resolves imports without help.
        if _respawn_cwd:
            _popen_kwargs["cwd"] = _respawn_cwd
        if _respawn_env_overlay:
            _popen_kwargs["env"] = {{**os.environ, **_respawn_env_overlay}}
        if sys.platform == "win32":
            try:
                _popen_kwargs["creationflags"] = windows_detach_flags()
                subprocess.Popen(cmd, **_popen_kwargs)
            except OSError:
                # CREATE_BREAKAWAY_FROM_JOB can be rejected with
                # ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED when the parent's job object refuses
                # breakaway. Retry without it — DETACHED_PROCESS et al.
                # alone are enough in most setups. Mirrors the canonical
                # fallback in gateway_windows._spawn_detached.
                _popen_kwargs["creationflags"] = windows_detach_flags_without_breakaway()
                subprocess.Popen(cmd, **_popen_kwargs)
        else:
            _popen_kwargs["start_new_session"] = True
            subprocess.Popen(cmd, **_popen_kwargs)
        """
    ).strip().format(
        respawn_cwd_literal=respawn_cwd_literal,
        respawn_env_literal=respawn_env_literal,
    )

    watcher_argv = [
        sys.executable,
        "-c",
        watcher,
        str(old_pid),
        *run_argv,
    ]

    # Same platform-aware detach for the watcher process itself — so
    # closing the user's terminal doesn't kill the watcher.
    try:
        subprocess.Popen(
            watcher_argv,
            stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
            stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
            **windows_detach_popen_kwargs(),
        )
    except OSError:
        # CREATE_BREAKAWAY_FROM_JOB rejected by the parent job object
        # (Electron, Windows Terminal with restrictive job settings, …).
        # Retry without it. POSIX never reaches this branch — there
        # ``start_new_session=True`` cannot raise OSError — so the
        # fallback is only meaningful on Windows.
        try:
            fallback_kwargs: dict = (
                {"creationflags": windows_detach_flags_without_breakaway()}
                if sys.platform == "win32"
                else {"start_new_session": True}
            )
            subprocess.Popen(
                watcher_argv,
                stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
                stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
                **fallback_kwargs,
            )
        except OSError:
            return False
    return True


def _probe_systemd_service_running(system: bool = False) -> tuple[bool, bool]:
    selected_system = _select_systemd_scope(system)
    unit_exists = get_systemd_unit_path(system=selected_system).exists()
    if not unit_exists:
        return selected_system, False
    try:
        result = _run_systemctl(
            ["is-active", get_service_name()],
            system=selected_system,
            capture_output=True,
            text=True, encoding='utf-8', errors='replace',
            timeout=10,
        )
    except (RuntimeError, subprocess.TimeoutExpired):
        return selected_system, False
    return selected_system, result.stdout.strip() == "active"


def _read_systemd_unit_environment(system: bool = False) -> dict[str, str]:
    """Parse the gateway unit's ``Environment=`` directives.

    ``systemctl show -p Environment`` returns a single line of
    space-separated ``KEY=VALUE`` pairs; values are not quoted in the output
    even when the unit file quoted them. We split on whitespace and ``=``.
    """
    selected_system = _select_systemd_scope(system)
    try:
        result = _run_systemctl(
            [
                "show",
                get_service_name(),
                "--no-pager",
                "--property",
                "Environment",
            ],
            system=selected_system,
            capture_output=True,
            text=True, encoding='utf-8', errors='replace',
            timeout=10,
        )
    except (RuntimeError, subprocess.TimeoutExpired, OSError):
        return {}
    if result.returncode != 0:
        return {}
    parsed: dict[str, str] = {}
    for line in result.stdout.splitlines():
        if not line.startswith("Environment="):
            continue
        body = line[len("Environment=") :].strip()
        for token in body.split():
            if "=" not in token:
                continue
            key, value = token.split("=", 1)
            parsed[key] = value
    return parsed


def _hermes_home_from_systemd_unit_file(system: bool = False) -> str | None:
    """Read ``HERMES_HOME`` from the on-disk unit file (not ``systemctl show``).

    Prefer the file when refreshing/comparing: under ``sudo``, ``systemctl``
    may be slow/unavailable in tests, and the on-disk unit is what
    ``systemd_unit_is_current`` / ``refresh_systemd_unit_if_needed`` already
    compare against.
    """
    unit_path = get_systemd_unit_path(system=system)
    if not unit_path.exists():
        return None
    try:
        text = unit_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
    except OSError:
        return None
    for line in text.splitlines():
        stripped = line.strip()
        if not stripped.startswith("Environment="):
            continue
        body = stripped[len("Environment=") :].strip().strip('"')
        if body.startswith("HERMES_HOME="):
            value = body.split("=", 1)[1].strip().strip('"')
            return value or None
    return None


def _sync_hermes_home_from_systemd_unit(system: bool) -> None:
    """When acting on a system-scope unit, adopt its ``HERMES_HOME``.

    Under ``sudo``, ``HERMES_HOME`` is stripped and ``HOME=/root``, so
    :func:`get_hermes_home` falls back to ``/root/.hermes`` — the wrong
    profile. The unit file pins ``HERMES_HOME`` for the actual gateway
    process, so we mirror that into our own environment to make
    ``read_runtime_status`` / ``get_running_pid`` read the correct files.
    """
    if not system:
        return
    # Prefer the on-disk unit (source of truth for refresh/compare). Fall
    # back to ``systemctl show`` for units that only exist in the manager.
    unit_home = (_hermes_home_from_systemd_unit_file(system=True) or "").strip()
    if not unit_home:
        unit_home = _read_systemd_unit_environment(system=True).get("HERMES_HOME", "").strip()
    if not unit_home:
        return
    current = os.environ.get("HERMES_HOME", "").strip()
    if current == unit_home:
        return
    os.environ["HERMES_HOME"] = unit_home


def _read_systemd_unit_properties(
    system: bool = False,
    properties: tuple[str, ...] = (
        "ActiveState",
        "SubState",
        "Result",
        "ExecMainStatus",
        "MainPID",
    ),
) -> dict[str, str]:
    """Return selected ``systemctl show`` properties for the gateway unit."""
    selected_system = _select_systemd_scope(system)
    try:
        result = _run_systemctl(
            [
                "show",
                get_service_name(),
                "--no-pager",
                "--property",
                ",".join(properties),
            ],
            system=selected_system,
            capture_output=True,
            text=True, encoding='utf-8', errors='replace',
            timeout=10,
        )
    except (RuntimeError, subprocess.TimeoutExpired, OSError):
        return {}

    if result.returncode != 0:
        return {}

    parsed: dict[str, str] = {}
    for line in result.stdout.splitlines():
        if "=" not in line:
            continue
        key, value = line.split("=", 1)
        parsed[key] = value.strip()
    return parsed


def _systemd_main_pid_from_props(props: dict[str, str]) -> int | None:
    try:
        pid = int(props.get("MainPID", "0") or "0")
    except (TypeError, ValueError):
        return None
    return pid if pid > 0 else None


def _systemd_main_pid(system: bool = False) -> int | None:
    return _systemd_main_pid_from_props(_read_systemd_unit_properties(system=system))


def _read_gateway_runtime_status() -> dict | None:
    try:
        from gateway.status import read_runtime_status

        state = read_runtime_status()
    except Exception:
        return None
    return state if isinstance(state, dict) else None


def _gateway_runtime_status_for_pid(pid: int | None) -> dict | None:
    if not pid:
        return None
    state = _read_gateway_runtime_status()
    if not state:
        return None
    try:
        state_pid = int(state.get("pid", 0) or 0)
    except (TypeError, ValueError):
        return None
    return state if state_pid == pid else None


def _wait_for_systemd_service_restart(
    *,
    system: bool = False,
    previous_pid: int | None = None,
    timeout: float = 60.0,
) -> bool:
    """Wait for the gateway service to become active after a restart handoff."""
    import time

    svc = get_service_name()
    scope_label = _service_scope_label(system).capitalize()
    deadline = time.monotonic() + timeout
    printed_runtime_wait = False

    while time.monotonic() < deadline:
        props = _read_systemd_unit_properties(system=system)
        active_state = props.get("ActiveState", "")
        sub_state = props.get("SubState", "")
        new_pid = None
        try:
            from gateway.status import get_running_pid

            new_pid = get_running_pid()
        except Exception:
            new_pid = None
        if not new_pid:
            new_pid = _systemd_main_pid_from_props(props)

        if active_state == "active":
            if new_pid and (previous_pid is None or new_pid != previous_pid):
                runtime_state = _gateway_runtime_status_for_pid(new_pid)
                gateway_state = (runtime_state or {}).get("gateway_state")
                if gateway_state == "running":
                    print(f"✓ {scope_label} service restarted (PID {new_pid})")
                    return True
                if gateway_state == "startup_failed":
                    reason = (runtime_state or {}).get(
                        "exit_reason"
                    ) or "startup failed"
                    print(
                        f"⚠ {scope_label} service process restarted (PID {new_pid}), but gateway startup failed: {reason}"
                    )
                    return False
                if not printed_runtime_wait:
                    print(
                        f"⏳ {scope_label} service process started (PID {new_pid}); waiting for gateway runtime..."
                    )
                    printed_runtime_wait = True

        if active_state == "activating" and sub_state == "auto-restart":
            time.sleep(1)
            continue

        if _systemd_unit_is_start_limited(props):
            _print_systemd_start_limit_wait(system=system)
            return False

        time.sleep(2)

    print(
        f"⚠ {scope_label} service did not become active within {int(timeout)}s.\n"
        f"  Check status: {'sudo ' if system else ''}hermes gateway status\n"
        f"  Check logs:   journalctl {'--user ' if not system else ''}-u {svc} -l --since '2 min ago'"
    )
    return False


def _systemd_unit_is_start_limited(props: dict[str, str]) -> bool:
    result = props.get("Result", "").lower()
    sub_state = props.get("SubState", "").lower()
    return result == "start-limit-hit" or sub_state == "start-limit-hit"


def _systemd_error_indicates_start_limit(exc: subprocess.CalledProcessError) -> bool:
    parts: list[str] = []
    for attr in ("stderr", "stdout", "output"):
        value = getattr(exc, attr, None)
        if not value:
            continue
        if isinstance(value, bytes):
            value = value.decode(errors="replace")
        parts.append(str(value))
    text = "\n".join(parts).lower()
    return (
        "start-limit-hit" in text
        or "start request repeated too quickly" in text
        or "start-limit" in text
    )


def _systemd_service_is_start_limited(system: bool = False) -> bool:
    return _systemd_unit_is_start_limited(_read_systemd_unit_properties(system=system))


def _print_systemd_start_limit_wait(system: bool = False) -> None:
    svc = get_service_name()
    scope_label = _service_scope_label(system).capitalize()
    scope_flag = " --system" if system else ""
    systemctl_prefix = "systemctl " if system else "systemctl --user "
    journal_prefix = "journalctl " if system else "journalctl --user "
    print(f"⏳ {scope_label} service is temporarily rate-limited by systemd.")
    print("  systemd is refusing another immediate start after repeated exits.")
    print(
        f"  Wait for the start-limit window to expire, then run: {'sudo ' if system else ''}hermes gateway restart{scope_flag}"
    )
    print(f"  Or clear the failed state manually: {systemctl_prefix}reset-failed {svc}")
    print(f"  Check logs: {journal_prefix}-u {svc} -l --since '5 min ago'")


def _recover_pending_systemd_restart(
    system: bool = False, previous_pid: int | None = None
) -> bool:
    """Recover a planned service restart that is stuck in systemd state."""
    props = _read_systemd_unit_properties(system=system)
    if not props:
        return False

    try:
        from gateway.status import read_runtime_status
    except Exception:
        return False

    runtime_state = read_runtime_status() or {}
    if not runtime_state.get("restart_requested"):
        return False

    active_state = props.get("ActiveState", "")
    sub_state = props.get("SubState", "")
    exec_main_status = props.get("ExecMainStatus", "")
    result = props.get("Result", "")

    if active_state == "activating" and sub_state == "auto-restart":
        print("⏳ Service restart already pending — waiting for systemd relaunch...")
        return _wait_for_systemd_service_restart(
            system=system,
            previous_pid=previous_pid,
        )

    if active_state == "failed" and (
        exec_main_status == str(GATEWAY_SERVICE_RESTART_EXIT_CODE)
        or result == "exit-code"
    ):
        svc = get_service_name()
        scope_label = _service_scope_label(system).capitalize()
        print(
            f"↻ Clearing failed state for pending {scope_label.lower()} service restart..."
        )
        _run_systemctl(
            ["reset-failed", svc],
            system=system,
            check=False,
            timeout=30,
        )
        _run_systemctl(
            ["start", svc],
            system=system,
            check=False,
            timeout=90,
        )
        return _wait_for_systemd_service_restart(
            system=system,
            previous_pid=previous_pid,
        )

    return False


def _parse_launchd_pid_from_list_output(output: str) -> int | None:
    """Extract the PID from ``launchctl list <label>`` output.

    When launchd is actively supervising a process, the output includes a
    ``"PID" = <number>;`` line.  When the service definition is only *registered*
    but not running (macOS 26+ with an unmanageable domain, fallback active),
    the output lacks a PID field entirely.  Returns ``None`` when no PID is
    found or the PID is non-positive (e.g. ``-1`` for a recently-crashed service).
    """
    for line in output.splitlines():
        stripped = line.strip()
        if stripped.startswith('"PID"') or stripped.startswith("PID"):
            parts = stripped.split("=", 1)
            if len(parts) == 2:
                val = parts[1].strip().rstrip(";").strip('"')
                try:
                    pid = int(val)
                    return pid if pid > 0 else None
                except ValueError:
                    return None
    return None


def _probe_launchd_service_running() -> bool:
    """Return True when launchd is actively supervising the gateway process.

    ``launchctl list <label>`` returns exit 0 whenever the service definition is
    registered with launchd — even when ``state = not running`` (macOS 26+).
    We additionally require a PID in the output to confirm launchd is actually
    managing a live process, not just holding a static definition.
    """
    if not get_launchd_plist_path().exists():
        return False
    try:
        result = subprocess.run(
            ["launchctl", "list", get_launchd_label()],
            capture_output=True,
            text=True, encoding='utf-8', errors='replace',
            timeout=10,
        )
    except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
        return False
    if result.returncode != 0:
        return False
    return _parse_launchd_pid_from_list_output(result.stdout) is not None


def get_gateway_runtime_snapshot(system: bool = False) -> GatewayRuntimeSnapshot:
    """Return a unified view of gateway liveness for the current profile."""
    gateway_pids = tuple(find_gateway_pids())
    if is_termux():
        return GatewayRuntimeSnapshot(
            manager="Termux / manual process",
            gateway_pids=gateway_pids,
        )

    from hermes_constants import is_container

    if is_linux() and is_container():
        # Phase 4: report s6 supervision when running under our /init.
        # Other container runtimes (or containers built before Phase 2)
        # still get the original "docker (foreground)" label.
        try:
            from hermes_cli.service_manager import detect_service_manager, get_service_manager
            if detect_service_manager() == "s6":
                profile = _profile_suffix() or "default"
                service_name = f"gateway-{profile}"
                mgr = get_service_manager()
                service_installed = False
                service_running = False
                try:
                    service_dir = getattr(mgr, "scandir", None)
                    if service_dir is not None:
                        service_installed = (service_dir / service_name).is_dir()
                except Exception:
                    service_installed = False
                if service_installed:
                    try:
                        service_running = bool(mgr.is_running(service_name))
                    except Exception:
                        service_running = False
                return GatewayRuntimeSnapshot(
                    manager="s6 (container supervisor)",
                    service_installed=service_installed,
                    service_running=service_running,
                    gateway_pids=gateway_pids,
                    service_scope="s6",
                )
        except Exception:
            pass  # Fall through to the legacy label on any detection error.
        return GatewayRuntimeSnapshot(
            manager="docker (foreground)",
            gateway_pids=gateway_pids,
        )

    if supports_systemd_services():
        selected_system, service_running = _probe_systemd_service_running(system=system)
        scope_label = _service_scope_label(selected_system)
        return GatewayRuntimeSnapshot(
            manager=f"systemd ({scope_label})",
            service_installed=get_systemd_unit_path(system=selected_system).exists(),
            service_running=service_running,
            gateway_pids=gateway_pids,
            service_scope=scope_label,
        )

    if is_macos():
        return GatewayRuntimeSnapshot(
            manager="launchd",
            service_installed=get_launchd_plist_path().exists(),
            service_running=_probe_launchd_service_running(),
            gateway_pids=gateway_pids,
            service_scope="launchd",
        )

    return GatewayRuntimeSnapshot(
        manager="manual process",
        gateway_pids=gateway_pids,
    )


def _format_gateway_pids(
    pids: tuple[int, ...] | list[int], *, limit: int | None = 3
) -> str:
    rendered = (
        [str(pid) for pid in pids[:limit] if pid > 0]
        if limit is not None
        else [str(pid) for pid in pids if pid > 0]
    )
    if limit is not None and len(pids) > limit:
        rendered.append("...")
    return ", ".join(rendered)


def _print_gateway_process_mismatch(snapshot: GatewayRuntimeSnapshot) -> None:
    if not snapshot.has_process_service_mismatch:
        return
    print()
    # Distinguish the managed detached fallback (macOS launchd exit-5 path)
    # from a genuinely manual foreground/tmux/nohup run.
    if _launchd_unsupported_marker_exists():
        print(
            "⚠ Gateway is running as a detached fallback process — "
            "launchd cannot supervise it"
        )
        print(f"  PID(s): {_format_gateway_pids(snapshot.gateway_pids, limit=None)}")
        print("  Auto-start at login and auto-restart on crash are NOT available.")
        print("  Stop it with: hermes gateway stop")
    else:
        print(
            "⚠ Gateway process is running for this profile, but the service is not active"
        )
        print(f"  PID(s): {_format_gateway_pids(snapshot.gateway_pids, limit=None)}")
        print("  This is usually a manual foreground/tmux/nohup run, so `hermes gateway`")
        print("  can refuse to start another copy until this process stops.")


def _print_other_profiles_gateway_status() -> None:
    """Print a summary of gateway status across all profiles.

    Shown at the bottom of ``hermes gateway status`` output so users with
    multiple profiles can tell at a glance which gateways are running and
    avoid confusing another profile's process with the current one.
    """
    try:
        from hermes_cli.profiles import get_active_profile_name

        current = get_active_profile_name()
        other_processes = [
            p for p in find_profile_gateway_processes() if p.profile != current
        ]
        if not other_processes:
            return

        print()
        print("Other profiles:")
        for proc in other_processes:
            print(f"  ✓ {proc.profile:<16s} — PID {proc.pid}")
    except Exception:
        pass


def _gateway_list() -> None:
    """List all profiles and their gateway running status.

    Provides a single-command overview of every known profile and whether
    its gateway is currently running, so multi-profile users don't have to
    check each profile individually.
    """
    try:
        from hermes_cli.profiles import list_profiles, get_active_profile_name
    except Exception:
        print("Unable to list profiles.")
        return

    profiles = list_profiles()
    if not profiles:
        print("No profiles found.")
        return

    current = get_active_profile_name()

    print("Gateways:")
    for prof in profiles:
        marker = "✓" if prof.gateway_running else "✗"
        label = prof.name
        if prof.name == current:
            label += " (current)"
        parts = [f"  {marker} {label:<24s}"]
        if prof.gateway_running:
            try:
                from gateway.status import get_running_pid

                pid = get_running_pid(prof.path / "gateway.pid", cleanup_stale=False)
                if pid:
                    parts.append(f"PID {pid}")
            except Exception:
                pass
        else:
            parts.append("not running")
        print(" — ".join(parts))


def kill_gateway_processes(
    force: bool = False, exclude_pids: set | None = None, all_profiles: bool = False
) -> int:
    """Kill any running gateway processes. Returns count killed.

    Args:
        force: Use the platform's force-kill mechanism instead of graceful terminate.
        exclude_pids: PIDs to skip (e.g. service-managed PIDs that were just
            restarted and should not be killed).
        all_profiles: When ``True``, kill across all profiles.  Passed
            through to :func:`find_gateway_pids`.
    """
    pids = find_gateway_pids(exclude_pids=exclude_pids, all_profiles=all_profiles)
    killed = 0

    for pid in pids:
        try:
            terminate_pid(pid, force=force)
            killed += 1
        except ProcessLookupError:
            # Process already gone
            pass
        except PermissionError:
            print(f"⚠ Permission denied to kill PID {pid}")

        except OSError as exc:
            print(f"Failed to kill PID {pid}: {exc}")
    return killed


def _reap_unsupervised_gateway_orphans() -> bool:
    """Kill no-supervisor gateway orphans the pidfile/runtime record can't see.

    On WSL/no-systemd hosts the manual restart fallback runs the gateway
    in-process under a ``gateway restart`` argv (hermes_cli/gateway.py restart
    branch → ``run_gateway()``). If its pidfile or runtime record goes missing
    or stale, ``get_running_pid()`` returns ``None`` even though a live orphan
    still holds the webhook port, so a follow-up restart stacks a duplicate on
    the same port (#51325). This is a no-op on hosts WITH a service supervisor,
    where a ``gateway restart`` argv is a transient management command, not the
    running gateway — gating on ``supports_systemd_services()`` keeps the
    orphan-aware scan from killing live management processes there.

    Returns True if at least one orphan was reaped.
    """
    try:
        if supports_systemd_services():
            return False
    except Exception:
        return False

    from gateway.status import _pid_exists, write_planned_stop_marker

    own = {os.getpid()}
    try:
        # find_gateway_pids() includes no-supervisor `gateway restart` runtimes
        # for the current profile when no systemd supervisor is present.
        orphans = [p for p in find_gateway_pids(exclude_pids=own) if p and p > 0]
    except Exception:
        return False
    if not orphans:
        return False

    reaped = False
    for pid in orphans:
        try:
            write_planned_stop_marker(pid)
        except Exception:
            pass
        try:
            os.kill(pid, signal.SIGTERM)
        except ProcessLookupError:
            continue
        except PermissionError:
            print(f"⚠ Permission denied to kill orphaned gateway PID {pid}")
            continue
        reaped = True

    # SIGTERM released the port in the field report but the orphan kept
    # running until a follow-up SIGKILL — wait briefly, then force-kill
    # any survivor so the replacement can bind the port cleanly.
    deadline = time.monotonic() + 5.0
    survivors = list(orphans)
    while survivors and time.monotonic() < deadline:
        survivors = [p for p in survivors if _pid_exists(p)]
        if survivors:
            time.sleep(0.2)
    for pid in survivors:
        try:
            os.kill(pid, getattr(signal, "SIGKILL", signal.SIGTERM))
        except (ProcessLookupError, PermissionError, OSError):
            pass

    return reaped


def stop_profile_gateway() -> bool:
    """Stop only the gateway for the current profile (HERMES_HOME-scoped).

    Uses the PID file written by start_gateway(), so it only kills the
    gateway belonging to this profile — not gateways from other profiles.
    Returns True if a process was stopped, False if none was found.

    On hosts without a service supervisor (e.g. WSL/no-systemd, where the
    manual restart fallback runs the gateway in-process under a ``gateway
    restart`` argv), the pidfile/runtime record can be missing or stale while
    a live orphan still holds the webhook port. In that case fall back to the
    orphan-aware process scan so the replacement reaps the prior instance
    instead of stacking a duplicate on the same port (#51325).
    """
    try:
        from gateway.status import get_running_pid, remove_pid_file
    except ImportError:
        return False

    pid = get_running_pid()
    if pid is None:
        return _reap_unsupervised_gateway_orphans()

    try:
        from gateway.status import write_planned_stop_marker

        write_planned_stop_marker(pid)
    except Exception:
        pass

    try:
        os.kill(pid, signal.SIGTERM)
    except ProcessLookupError:
        pass  # Already gone
    except PermissionError:
        print(f"⚠ Permission denied to kill PID {pid}")
        return False

    # Wait briefly for it to exit. On Windows, os.kill(pid, 0) is NOT
    # a no-op — route through the cross-platform existence check.
    import time as _time
    from gateway.status import _pid_exists

    for _ in range(20):
        if not _pid_exists(pid):
            break
        _time.sleep(0.5)

    if get_running_pid() is None:
        remove_pid_file()
    return True


def is_linux() -> bool:
    return sys.platform.startswith("linux")


from hermes_constants import is_container, is_termux, is_wsl


def _wsl_systemd_operational() -> bool:
    """Check if systemd is actually running as PID 1 on WSL.

    WSL2 with ``systemd=true`` in wsl.conf has working systemd.
    WSL2 without it (or WSL1) does not — systemctl commands fail.
    """
    return _systemd_operational(system=True)


def _systemd_operational(system: bool = False) -> bool:
    """Return True when the requested systemd scope is usable."""
    try:
        result = _run_systemctl(
            ["is-system-running"],
            system=system,
            capture_output=True,
            text=True, encoding='utf-8', errors='replace',
            timeout=5,
        )
        # "running", "degraded", "starting" all mean systemd is PID 1
        status = result.stdout.strip().lower()
        return status in {"running", "degraded", "starting", "initializing"}
    except (RuntimeError, subprocess.TimeoutExpired, OSError):
        return False


def _container_systemd_operational() -> bool:
    """Return True when a container exposes working user or system systemd.

    This is NOT our Hermes Docker image — that one runs s6-overlay as
    PID 1 (since Phase 2 of the s6-overlay supervision plan) and is
    detected via ``service_manager.detect_service_manager() == "s6"``.
    This function handles the "container managed by something else"
    case: systemd-nspawn, certain k8s pods, containers built FROM
    systemd-bearing distros where the user has wired systemd as their
    init. In those environments systemctl behaves identically to the
    host case, so we fall through to the normal systemd code paths.
    """
    if _systemd_operational(system=False):
        return True
    if _systemd_operational(system=True):
        return True
    return False


def supports_systemd_services() -> bool:
    if not is_linux() or is_termux():
        return False
    if shutil.which("systemctl") is None:
        return False
    if is_wsl():
        return _wsl_systemd_operational()
    if is_container():
        return _container_systemd_operational()
    return True


def is_macos() -> bool:
    return sys.platform == "darwin"


def is_windows() -> bool:
    return sys.platform == "win32"


def _windows_gateway_should_absorb_console_controls() -> bool:
    """Return True for detached Windows gateway runs that should ignore Ctrl+C.

    Foreground ``hermes gateway run`` must remain interruptible from
    PowerShell/CMD. Detached service-style launches opt in via
    ``HERMES_GATEWAY_DETACHED=1``; older wrappers without the env marker are
    treated as detached when no interactive stdin is attached.
    """
    if not is_windows():
        return False

    detached = os.getenv("HERMES_GATEWAY_DETACHED", "").strip().lower()
    if detached in {"1", "true", "yes", "on"}:
        return True

    try:
        return not bool(sys.stdin and sys.stdin.isatty())
    except (ValueError, OSError):
        return True


# =============================================================================
# Service Configuration
# =============================================================================

_SERVICE_BASE = "hermes-gateway"
SERVICE_DESCRIPTION = "Hermes Agent Gateway - Messaging Platform Integration"


def _profile_suffix() -> str:
    """Derive a service-name suffix from the current HERMES_HOME.

    Returns ``""`` for the default root, the profile name for
    ``<root>/profiles/<name>``, or a short hash for any other path.
    Works correctly in Docker (HERMES_HOME=/opt/data) and standard deployments.
    """
    import hashlib
    import re
    from hermes_constants import get_default_hermes_root

    home = get_hermes_home().resolve()
    default = get_default_hermes_root().resolve()
    if home == default:
        return ""
    # Detect <root>/profiles/<name> pattern → use the profile name
    profiles_root = (default / "profiles").resolve()
    try:
        rel = home.relative_to(profiles_root)
        parts = rel.parts
        if len(parts) == 1 and re.match(r"^[a-z0-9][a-z0-9_-]{0,63}$", parts[0]):
            return parts[0]
    except ValueError:
        pass
    # Fallback: short hash for arbitrary HERMES_HOME paths
    return hashlib.sha256(str(home).encode()).hexdigest()[:8]


def _profile_arg(hermes_home: str | None = None, default_root: str | Path | None = None) -> str:
    """Return ``--profile <name>`` only when HERMES_HOME is a named profile.

    For ``~/.hermes/profiles/<name>``, returns ``"--profile <name>"``.
    For the default profile or hash-based custom paths, returns the empty string.

    Args:
        hermes_home: Optional explicit HERMES_HOME path. Defaults to the current
            ``get_hermes_home()`` value. Should be passed when generating a
            service definition for a different user (e.g. system service).
        default_root: Optional Hermes root to compare against. Used when
            generating a system service for another user from a sudo/root
            process, where ``Path.home()`` and ``get_default_hermes_root()``
            refer to root but the target profile lives under the service user.
    """
    import re
    from hermes_constants import get_default_hermes_root

    home = Path(hermes_home or str(get_hermes_home())).resolve()
    default = Path(default_root).resolve() if default_root else get_default_hermes_root().resolve()
    if home == default:
        return ""
    profiles_root = (default / "profiles").resolve()
    try:
        rel = home.relative_to(profiles_root)
        parts = rel.parts
        if len(parts) == 1 and re.match(r"^[a-z0-9][a-z0-9_-]{0,63}$", parts[0]):
            return f"--profile {parts[0]}"
    except ValueError:
        pass
    return ""


def _profile_arg_for_target_user(hermes_home: str, target_home_dir: str) -> str:
    """Return the profile arg for a system service running as another user."""
    target_root = Path(target_home_dir) / ".hermes"
    try:
        Path(hermes_home).resolve().relative_to(target_root.resolve())
        return _profile_arg(hermes_home, default_root=target_root)
    except ValueError:
        return _profile_arg(hermes_home)


def get_service_name() -> str:
    """Derive a systemd service name scoped to this HERMES_HOME.

    Default ``~/.hermes`` returns ``hermes-gateway`` (backward compatible).
    Profile ``~/.hermes/profiles/coder`` returns ``hermes-gateway-coder``.
    Any other HERMES_HOME appends a short hash for uniqueness.
    """
    suffix = _profile_suffix()
    if not suffix:
        return _SERVICE_BASE
    return f"{_SERVICE_BASE}-{suffix}"


def get_systemd_unit_path(system: bool = False) -> Path:
    name = get_service_name()
    if system:
        return Path("/etc/systemd/system") / f"{name}.service"
    return Path.home() / ".config" / "systemd" / "user" / f"{name}.service"


class UserSystemdUnavailableError(RuntimeError):
    """Raised when ``systemctl --user`` cannot reach the user D-Bus session.

    Typically hit on fresh RHEL/Debian SSH sessions where linger is disabled
    and no user@.service is running, so ``/run/user/$UID/bus`` never exists.
    Carries a user-facing remediation message in ``args[0]``.
    """


class SystemScopeRequiresRootError(RuntimeError):
    """Raised when a system-scope gateway operation is attempted as non-root.

    System-scope units live in ``/etc/systemd/system/`` and require root for
    install / uninstall / start / stop / restart via ``systemctl``. The
    previous behavior was ``sys.exit(1)`` which blew past the wizard's
    ``except Exception`` guards and dumped the user at a bare shell prompt
    with no guidance. Raising a typed exception lets callers that can
    recover (the setup wizard) print actionable remediation instead, while
    ``gateway_command`` still exits 1 with the same message for the direct
    CLI path.

    ``args[0]`` carries the user-facing message, ``args[1]`` the action name.
    ``str(e)`` returns only the message (not the tuple repr) so format
    strings like ``f"Failed: {e}"`` render cleanly.
    """

    def __str__(self) -> str:
        return self.args[0] if self.args else ""


def _user_dbus_socket_path() -> Path:
    """Return the expected per-user D-Bus socket path (regardless of existence)."""
    xdg = os.environ.get("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR") or f"/run/user/{os.getuid()}"  # windows-footgun: ok — POSIX systemd helper, never invoked on Windows
    return Path(xdg) / "bus"


def _user_systemd_private_socket_path() -> Path:
    """Return the per-user systemd private socket path (regardless of existence)."""
    xdg = os.environ.get("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR") or f"/run/user/{os.getuid()}"  # windows-footgun: ok — POSIX systemd helper, never invoked on Windows
    return Path(xdg) / "systemd" / "private"


def _user_systemd_socket_ready() -> bool:
    """Return True when user-scope systemd has a reachable control socket.

    Some distros expose only the per-user systemd private socket even when the
    D-Bus session bus socket is absent. ``systemctl --user`` can still work in
    that configuration, so preflight checks must treat either socket as valid.
    """
    return (
        _user_dbus_socket_path().exists()
        or _user_systemd_private_socket_path().exists()
    )


def _ensure_user_systemd_env() -> None:
    """Ensure DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS and XDG_RUNTIME_DIR are set for systemctl --user.

    On headless servers (SSH sessions), these env vars may be missing even when
    the user's systemd instance is running (via linger).  Without them,
    ``systemctl --user`` fails with "Failed to connect to bus: No medium found".
    We detect the standard socket path and set the vars so all subsequent
    subprocess calls inherit them.
    """
    uid = os.getuid()  # windows-footgun: ok — POSIX systemd helper, never invoked on Windows
    if "XDG_RUNTIME_DIR" not in os.environ:
        runtime_dir = f"/run/user/{uid}"
        if Path(runtime_dir).exists():
            os.environ["XDG_RUNTIME_DIR"] = runtime_dir

    if "DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS" not in os.environ:
        xdg_runtime = os.environ.get("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR", f"/run/user/{uid}")
        bus_path = Path(xdg_runtime) / "bus"
        if bus_path.exists():
            os.environ["DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS"] = f"unix:path={bus_path}"


def _wait_for_user_dbus_socket(timeout: float = 3.0) -> bool:
    """Poll for the user systemd runtime socket(s), up to ``timeout`` seconds.

    Linger-enabled user@.service can take a second or two to spawn its control
    socket(s) after ``loginctl enable-linger`` runs. Returns True once either
    the user D-Bus socket or the per-user systemd private socket exists.
    """
    import time

    deadline = time.monotonic() + timeout
    while time.monotonic() < deadline:
        if _user_systemd_socket_ready():
            _ensure_user_systemd_env()
            return True
        time.sleep(0.2)
    return _user_systemd_socket_ready()


def _preflight_user_systemd(*, auto_enable_linger: bool = True) -> None:
    """Ensure ``systemctl --user`` will reach the user-scope systemd instance.

    No-op when the user D-Bus socket or per-user systemd private socket is
    already there (the common case on desktops and linger-enabled servers). On
    fresh SSH sessions where both are missing:

    * If linger is already enabled, wait briefly for user@.service to spawn
      the socket.
    * If linger is disabled and ``auto_enable_linger`` is True, try
      ``loginctl enable-linger $USER`` (works as non-root when polkit permits
      it, otherwise needs sudo).
    * If the socket is still missing afterwards, raise
      :class:`UserSystemdUnavailableError` with a precise remediation message.

    Callers should treat the exception as a terminal condition for user-scope
    systemd operations and surface the message to the user.
    """
    _ensure_user_systemd_env()
    if _user_systemd_socket_ready():
        return

    import getpass

    username = getpass.getuser()
    linger_enabled, linger_detail = get_systemd_linger_status()

    if linger_enabled is True:
        if _wait_for_user_dbus_socket(timeout=3.0):
            return
        # Linger is on but socket still missing — unusual; fall through to error.
        _raise_user_systemd_unavailable(
            username,
            reason="User systemd control sockets are missing even though linger is enabled.",
            fix_hint=(
                f"  systemctl start user@{os.getuid()}.service\n"  # windows-footgun: ok — POSIX systemd helper, never invoked on Windows
                "  (may require sudo; try again after the command succeeds)"
            ),
        )

    if auto_enable_linger and shutil.which("loginctl"):
        try:
            result = subprocess.run(
                ["loginctl", "enable-linger", username],
                capture_output=True,
                text=True, encoding='utf-8', errors='replace',
                check=False,
                timeout=30,
            )
        except Exception as exc:
            _raise_user_systemd_unavailable(
                username,
                reason=f"loginctl enable-linger failed ({exc}).",
                fix_hint=f"  sudo loginctl enable-linger {username}",
            )
        else:
            if result.returncode == 0:
                if _wait_for_user_dbus_socket(timeout=5.0):
                    print(f"✓ Enabled linger for {username} — user D-Bus now available")
                    return
                # enable-linger succeeded but the socket never appeared.
                _raise_user_systemd_unavailable(
                    username,
                    reason="Linger was enabled, but the user D-Bus socket did not appear.",
                    fix_hint=(
                        "  Log out and log back in, then re-run the command.\n"
                        f"  Or reboot and run: systemctl --user start {get_service_name()}"
                    ),
                )
            detail = (
                result.stderr or result.stdout or f"exit {result.returncode}"
            ).strip()
            _raise_user_systemd_unavailable(
                username,
                reason=f"loginctl enable-linger was denied: {detail}",
                fix_hint=f"  sudo loginctl enable-linger {username}",
            )

    _raise_user_systemd_unavailable(
        username,
        reason=(
            "User D-Bus session is not available "
            f"({linger_detail or 'linger disabled'})."
        ),
        fix_hint=f"  sudo loginctl enable-linger {username}",
    )


def _raise_user_systemd_unavailable(
    username: str, *, reason: str, fix_hint: str
) -> None:
    """Build a user-facing error message and raise UserSystemdUnavailableError."""
    msg = (
        f"{reason}\n"
        "  systemctl --user cannot reach the user D-Bus session in this shell.\n"
        "\n"
        "  To fix:\n"
        f"{fix_hint}\n"
        "\n"
        "  Alternative: run the gateway in the foreground (stays up until\n"
        "  you exit / close the terminal):\n"
        "    hermes gateway run"
    )
    raise UserSystemdUnavailableError(msg)


def _systemctl_cmd(system: bool = False) -> list[str]:
    if not system:
        _ensure_user_systemd_env()
    return ["systemctl"] if system else ["systemctl", "--user"]


def _journalctl_cmd(system: bool = False) -> list[str]:
    return ["journalctl"] if system else ["journalctl", "--user"]


def _run_systemctl(
    args: list[str], *, system: bool = False, **kwargs
) -> subprocess.CompletedProcess:
    """Run a systemctl command, raising RuntimeError if systemctl is missing.

    Defense-in-depth: callers are gated by ``supports_systemd_services()``,
    but this ensures any future caller that bypasses the gate still gets a
    clear error instead of a raw ``FileNotFoundError`` traceback.
    """
    try:
        return subprocess.run(_systemctl_cmd(system) + args, **kwargs)
    except FileNotFoundError:
        raise RuntimeError("systemctl is not available on this system") from None


def _service_scope_label(system: bool = False) -> str:
    return "system" if system else "user"


def get_installed_systemd_scopes() -> list[str]:
    scopes = []
    seen_paths: set[Path] = set()
    for system, label in ((False, "user"), (True, "system")):
        unit_path = get_systemd_unit_path(system=system)
        if unit_path in seen_paths:
            continue
        if unit_path.exists():
            scopes.append(label)
            seen_paths.add(unit_path)
    return scopes


def has_conflicting_systemd_units() -> bool:
    return len(get_installed_systemd_scopes()) > 1


# Legacy service names from older Hermes installs that predate the
# hermes-gateway rename. Kept as an explicit allowlist (NOT a glob) so
# profile units (hermes-gateway-*.service) and unrelated third-party
# "hermes" units are never matched.
_LEGACY_SERVICE_NAMES: tuple[str, ...] = ("hermes.service",)

# ExecStart content markers that identify a unit as running our gateway.
# A legacy unit is only flagged when its file contains one of these.
_LEGACY_UNIT_EXECSTART_MARKERS: tuple[str, ...] = (
    "hermes_cli.main gateway",
    "hermes_cli/main.py gateway",
    "gateway/run.py",
    " hermes gateway ",
    "/hermes gateway ",
)


def _legacy_unit_search_paths() -> list[tuple[bool, Path]]:
    """Return ``[(is_system, base_dir), ...]`` — directories to scan for legacy units.

    Factored out so tests can monkeypatch the search roots without touching
    real filesystem paths.
    """
    return [
        (False, Path.home() / ".config" / "systemd" / "user"),
        (True, Path("/etc/systemd/system")),
    ]


def _find_legacy_hermes_units() -> list[tuple[str, Path, bool]]:
    """Return ``[(unit_name, unit_path, is_system)]`` for legacy Hermes gateway units.

    Detects unit files installed by older Hermes versions that used a
    different service name (e.g. ``hermes.service`` before the rename to
    ``hermes-gateway.service``). When both a legacy unit and the current
    ``hermes-gateway.service`` are active, they fight over the same bot
    token — the PR #5646 signal-recovery change turns this into a 30-second
    SIGTERM flap loop.

    Safety guards:

    * Explicit allowlist of legacy names (no globbing). Profile units such
      as ``hermes-gateway-coder.service`` and unrelated third-party
      ``hermes-*`` services are never matched.
    * ExecStart content check — only flag units that invoke our gateway
      entrypoint. A user-created ``hermes.service`` running an unrelated
      binary is left untouched.
    * Results are returned purely for caller inspection; this function
      never mutates or removes anything.
    """
    results: list[tuple[str, Path, bool]] = []
    for is_system, base in _legacy_unit_search_paths():
        for name in _LEGACY_SERVICE_NAMES:
            unit_path = base / name
            try:
                if not unit_path.exists():
                    continue
                text = unit_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8", errors="ignore")
            except (OSError, PermissionError):
                continue
            if not any(marker in text for marker in _LEGACY_UNIT_EXECSTART_MARKERS):
                # Not our gateway — leave alone
                continue
            results.append((name, unit_path, is_system))
    return results


def has_legacy_hermes_units() -> bool:
    """Return True when any legacy Hermes gateway unit files exist."""
    return bool(_find_legacy_hermes_units())


def print_legacy_unit_warning() -> None:
    """Warn about legacy Hermes gateway unit files if any are installed.

    Idempotent: prints nothing when no legacy units are detected. Safe to
    call from any status/install/setup path.
    """
    legacy = _find_legacy_hermes_units()
    if not legacy:
        return
    print_warning("Legacy Hermes gateway unit(s) detected from an older install:")
    for name, path, is_system in legacy:
        scope = "system" if is_system else "user"
        print_info(f"    {path}  ({scope} scope)")
    print_info("  These run alongside the current hermes-gateway service and")
    print_info("  cause SIGTERM flap loops — both try to use the same bot token.")
    print_info("  Remove them with:")
    print_info("    hermes gateway migrate-legacy")


def remove_legacy_hermes_units(
    interactive: bool = True,
    dry_run: bool = False,
) -> tuple[int, list[Path]]:
    """Stop, disable, and remove legacy Hermes gateway unit files.

    Iterates over whatever ``_find_legacy_hermes_units()`` returns — which is
    an explicit allowlist of legacy names (not a glob). Profile units and
    unrelated third-party services are never touched.

    Args:
        interactive: When True, prompt before removing. When False, remove
            without asking (used when another prompt has already confirmed,
            e.g. from the install flow).
        dry_run: When True, list what would be removed and return.

    Returns:
        ``(removed_count, remaining_paths)`` — remaining includes units we
        couldn't remove (typically system-scope when not running as root).
    """
    legacy = _find_legacy_hermes_units()
    if not legacy:
        print("No legacy Hermes gateway units found.")
        return 0, []

    user_units = [(n, p) for n, p, is_sys in legacy if not is_sys]
    system_units = [(n, p) for n, p, is_sys in legacy if is_sys]

    print()
    print("Legacy Hermes gateway unit(s) found:")
    for name, path, is_system in legacy:
        scope = "system" if is_system else "user"
        print(f"  {path}  ({scope} scope)")
    print()

    if dry_run:
        print("(dry-run — nothing removed)")
        return 0, [p for _, p, _ in legacy]

    if interactive and not prompt_yes_no("Remove these legacy units?", True):
        print("Skipped. Run again with: hermes gateway migrate-legacy")
        return 0, [p for _, p, _ in legacy]

    removed = 0
    remaining: list[Path] = []

    # User-scope removal
    for name, path in user_units:
        try:
            _run_systemctl(["stop", name], system=False, check=False, timeout=90)
            _run_systemctl(["disable", name], system=False, check=False, timeout=30)
            path.unlink(missing_ok=True)
            print(f"  ✓ Removed {path}")
            removed += 1
        except (OSError, RuntimeError) as e:
            print(f"  ⚠ Could not remove {path}: {e}")
            remaining.append(path)

    if user_units:
        try:
            _run_systemctl(["daemon-reload"], system=False, check=False, timeout=30)
        except RuntimeError:
            pass

    # System-scope removal (needs root)
    if system_units:
        if os.geteuid() != 0:  # windows-footgun: ok — Linux systemd removal path, guarded by `if system == "Linux"` / systemd-only branch
            print()
            print_warning("System-scope legacy units require root to remove.")
            print_info("  Re-run with: sudo hermes gateway migrate-legacy")
            for _, path in system_units:
                remaining.append(path)
        else:
            for name, path in system_units:
                try:
                    _run_systemctl(["stop", name], system=True, check=False, timeout=90)
                    _run_systemctl(
                        ["disable", name], system=True, check=False, timeout=30
                    )
                    path.unlink(missing_ok=True)
                    print(f"  ✓ Removed {path}")
                    removed += 1
                except (OSError, RuntimeError) as e:
                    print(f"  ⚠ Could not remove {path}: {e}")
                    remaining.append(path)

            try:
                _run_systemctl(["daemon-reload"], system=True, check=False, timeout=30)
            except RuntimeError:
                pass

    print()
    if remaining:
        print_warning(
            f"{len(remaining)} legacy unit(s) still present — see messages above."
        )
    else:
        print_success(f"Removed {removed} legacy unit(s).")

    return removed, remaining


def print_systemd_scope_conflict_warning() -> None:
    scopes = get_installed_systemd_scopes()
    if len(scopes) < 2:
        return

    rendered_scopes = " + ".join(scopes)
    print_warning(
        f"Both user and system gateway services are installed ({rendered_scopes})."
    )
    print_info("  This is confusing and can make start/stop/status behavior ambiguous.")
    print_info(
        "  Default gateway commands target the user service unless you pass --system."
    )
    print_info("  Keep one of these:")
    print_info("    hermes gateway uninstall")
    print_info("    sudo hermes gateway uninstall --system")


def _require_root_for_system_service(action: str) -> None:
    if os.geteuid() != 0:  # windows-footgun: ok — POSIX systemd helper, never invoked on Windows
        raise SystemScopeRequiresRootError(
            f"System gateway {action} requires root. Re-run with sudo.",
            action,
        )


def _system_service_identity(run_as_user: str | None = None) -> tuple[str, str, str]:
    import getpass
    import grp
    import pwd

    username = (
        run_as_user
        or os.getenv("SUDO_USER")
        or os.getenv("USER")
        or os.getenv("LOGNAME")
        or getpass.getuser()
    ).strip()
    if not username:
        raise ValueError(
            "Could not determine which user the gateway service should run as"
        )
    if username == "root" and not run_as_user:
        raise ValueError(
            "Refusing to install the gateway system service as root; pass --run-as-user root to override (e.g. in LXC containers)"
        )
    if username == "root":
        print_warning("Installing gateway service to run as root.")
        print_info(
            "  This is fine for LXC/container environments but not recommended on bare-metal hosts."
        )

    try:
        user_info = pwd.getpwnam(username)
    except KeyError as e:
        raise ValueError(f"Unknown user: {username}") from e

    group_name = grp.getgrgid(user_info.pw_gid).gr_name
    return username, group_name, user_info.pw_dir


def _read_systemd_user_from_unit(unit_path: Path) -> str | None:
    if not unit_path.exists():
        return None

    for line in unit_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8").splitlines():
        if line.startswith("User="):
            value = line.split("=", 1)[1].strip()
            return value or None
    return None


def _default_system_service_user() -> str | None:
    for candidate in (os.getenv("SUDO_USER"), os.getenv("USER"), os.getenv("LOGNAME")):
        if candidate and candidate.strip() and candidate.strip() != "root":
            return candidate.strip()
    return None


def prompt_linux_gateway_install_scope() -> str | None:
    # A boot-time system service has to be created by root (writing the unit to
    # /etc/systemd/system). We only offer that scope when the session is already
    # root — a non-root user is never handed a "re-run yourself under sudo"
    # recipe, since that just funnels them into a system install they can't
    # actually perform from here. Non-root sessions get the user service.
    is_root = os.geteuid() == 0  # windows-footgun: ok — Linux systemd install wizard, never invoked on Windows
    if not is_root:
        choice = prompt_choice(
            "  Choose how the gateway should run in the background:",
            [
                "User service (no sudo; best for laptops/dev boxes; may need linger after logout)",
                "Skip service install for now",
            ],
            default=0,
        )
        if choice == 0:
            print_info(
                "  Tip: for a boot-time system service, re-run setup as root "
                "(e.g. from a root shell or `sudo -i`)."
            )
        return {0: "user", 1: None}[choice]

    choice = prompt_choice(
        "  Choose how the gateway should run in the background:",
        [
            "User service (no sudo; best for laptops/dev boxes; may need linger after logout)",
            "System service (starts on boot; runs as your chosen user)",
            "Skip service install for now",
        ],
        default=0,
    )
    return {0: "user", 1: "system", 2: None}[choice]


def install_linux_gateway_from_setup(force: bool = False, enable_on_startup: bool = True) -> tuple[str | None, bool]:
    scope = prompt_linux_gateway_install_scope()
    if scope is None:
        return None, False

    if scope == "system":
        run_as_user = _default_system_service_user()
        if os.geteuid() != 0:  # windows-footgun: ok — Linux systemd install wizard, never invoked on Windows
            # Unreachable from the wizard: prompt_linux_gateway_install_scope()
            # only offers "system" to root sessions. Defensive guard for any
            # direct caller — we do NOT print a self-elevation recipe.
            print_warning(
                "  System service install requires root. Re-run setup from a "
                "root shell, or install a user service instead: hermes gateway install"
            )
            return scope, False

        if not run_as_user:
            while True:
                run_as_user = prompt(
                    "  Run the system gateway service as which user?", default=""
                )
                run_as_user = (run_as_user or "").strip()
                if run_as_user:
                    break
                print_error("  Enter a username.")

        systemd_install(force=force, system=True, run_as_user=run_as_user, enable_on_startup=enable_on_startup)
        return scope, True

    systemd_install(force=force, system=False, enable_on_startup=enable_on_startup)
    return scope, True


def get_systemd_linger_status() -> tuple[bool | None, str]:
    """Return systemd linger status for the current user.

    Returns:
        (True, "") when linger is enabled.
        (False, "") when linger is disabled.
        (None, detail) when the status could not be determined.
    """
    if is_termux():
        return None, "not supported in Termux"
    if not is_linux():
        return None, "not supported on this platform"

    if not shutil.which("loginctl"):
        return None, "loginctl not found"

    username = os.getenv("USER") or os.getenv("LOGNAME")
    if not username:
        try:
            import pwd

            username = pwd.getpwuid(os.getuid()).pw_name  # windows-footgun: ok — POSIX loginctl helper, never invoked on Windows
        except Exception:
            return None, "could not determine current user"

    try:
        result = subprocess.run(
            ["loginctl", "show-user", username, "--property=Linger", "--value"],
            capture_output=True,
            text=True, encoding='utf-8', errors='replace',
            check=False,
            timeout=10,
        )
    except Exception as e:
        return None, str(e)

    if result.returncode != 0:
        detail = (result.stderr or result.stdout or f"exit {result.returncode}").strip()
        return None, detail or "loginctl query failed"

    value = (result.stdout or "").strip().lower()
    if value in {"yes", "true", "1"}:
        return True, ""
    if value in {"no", "false", "0"}:
        return False, ""

    rendered = value or "<empty>"
    return None, f"unexpected loginctl output: {rendered}"


def print_systemd_linger_guidance() -> None:
    """Print the current linger status and the fix when it is disabled."""
    linger_enabled, linger_detail = get_systemd_linger_status()
    if linger_enabled is True:
        print("✓ Systemd linger is enabled (service survives logout)")
    elif linger_enabled is False:
        print("⚠ Systemd linger is disabled (gateway may stop when you log out)")
        print("  Run: sudo loginctl enable-linger $USER")
    else:
        print(f"⚠ Could not verify systemd linger ({linger_detail})")
        print("  If you want the gateway user service to survive logout, run:")
        print("  sudo loginctl enable-linger $USER")


def _launchd_user_home() -> Path:
    """Return the real macOS user home for launchd artifacts.

    Profile-mode Hermes often sets ``HOME`` to a profile-scoped directory, but
    launchd user agents still live under the actual account home.
    """
    import pwd

    return Path(pwd.getpwuid(os.getuid()).pw_dir)  # windows-footgun: ok — POSIX launchd (macOS) helper, never invoked on Windows


def get_launchd_plist_path() -> Path:
    """Return the launchd plist path, scoped per profile.

    Default ``~/.hermes`` → ``ai.hermes.gateway.plist`` (backward compatible).
    Profile ``~/.hermes/profiles/coder`` → ``ai.hermes.gateway-coder.plist``.
    """
    suffix = _profile_suffix()
    name = f"ai.hermes.gateway-{suffix}" if suffix else "ai.hermes.gateway"
    return _launchd_user_home() / "Library" / "LaunchAgents" / f"{name}.plist"


def _detect_venv_dir() -> Path | None:
    """Detect the active virtualenv directory.

    Checks ``sys.prefix`` first (works regardless of the directory name),
    then ``VIRTUAL_ENV`` env var (covers uv-managed environments where
    sys.prefix == sys.base_prefix), then falls back to probing common
    directory names under PROJECT_ROOT.
    Returns ``None`` when no virtualenv can be found.
    """
    # If we're running inside a virtualenv, sys.prefix points to it.
    if sys.prefix != sys.base_prefix:
        venv = Path(sys.prefix)
        if venv.is_dir():
            return venv

    # uv and some other tools set VIRTUAL_ENV without changing sys.prefix.
    # This catches `uv run` where sys.prefix == sys.base_prefix but the
    # environment IS a venv.  (#8620)
    _virtual_env = os.environ.get("VIRTUAL_ENV")
    if _virtual_env:
        venv = Path(_virtual_env)
        if venv.is_dir():
            return venv

    # Fallback: check common virtualenv directory names under the project root.
    for candidate in (".venv", "venv"):
        venv = PROJECT_ROOT / candidate
        if venv.is_dir():
            return venv

    return None


def get_python_path() -> str:
    venv = _detect_venv_dir()
    if venv is not None:
        if is_windows():
            venv_python = venv / "Scripts" / "python.exe"
        else:
            venv_python = venv / "bin" / "python"
        if venv_python.exists():
            return str(venv_python)
    return sys.executable


# =============================================================================
# Systemd (Linux)
# =============================================================================


def _build_user_local_paths(home: Path, path_entries: list[str]) -> list[str]:
    """Return user-local bin dirs that exist and aren't already in *path_entries*."""
    candidates = [
        str(home / ".local" / "bin"),  # uv, uvx, pip-installed CLIs
        str(home / ".cargo" / "bin"),  # Rust/cargo tools
        str(home / "go" / "bin"),  # Go tools
        str(home / ".npm-global" / "bin"),  # npm global packages
    ]
    return [p for p in candidates if p not in path_entries and Path(p).exists()]


def _build_wsl_interop_paths(path_entries: list[str]) -> list[str]:
    """Return WSL Windows interop PATH entries for generated systemd units.

    WSL shells normally inherit Windows PATH entries such as
    ``/mnt/c/WINDOWS/System32``. systemd user services do not, so gateway tools
    that call ``powershell.exe``/``cmd.exe`` work in a terminal but fail in the
    background service unless we persist the relevant entries at install time.
    """
    if not is_wsl():
        return []

    candidates: list[str] = []
    for entry in os.environ.get("PATH", "").split(os.pathsep):
        if entry.startswith("/mnt/"):
            candidates.append(entry)

    for executable in ("powershell.exe", "cmd.exe", "explorer.exe", "wsl.exe"):
        resolved = shutil.which(executable)
        if resolved:
            candidates.append(str(Path(resolved).parent))

    for entry in (
        "/mnt/c/WINDOWS/system32",
        "/mnt/c/WINDOWS",
        "/mnt/c/WINDOWS/System32/Wbem",
        "/mnt/c/WINDOWS/System32/WindowsPowerShell/v1.0/",
        "/mnt/c/WINDOWS/System32/OpenSSH/",
    ):
        if Path(entry).exists():
            candidates.append(entry)

    result: list[str] = []
    seen = set(path_entries)
    for entry in candidates:
        if entry and entry not in seen:
            seen.add(entry)
            result.append(entry)
    return result


def _remap_path_for_user(path: str, target_home_dir: str) -> str:
    """Remap *path* from the current user's home to *target_home_dir*.

    If *path* lives under ``Path.home()`` the corresponding prefix is swapped
    to *target_home_dir*; otherwise the path is returned unchanged.

      /root/.hermes/hermes-agent  -> /home/alice/.hermes/hermes-agent
      /opt/hermes                 -> /opt/hermes  (kept as-is)

    Note: this function intentionally does NOT resolve symlinks. A venv's
    ``bin/python`` is typically a symlink to the base interpreter (e.g. a
    uv-managed CPython at ``~/.local/share/uv/python/.../python3.11``);
    resolving that symlink swaps the unit's ``ExecStart`` to a bare Python
    that has none of the venv's site-packages, so the service crashes on
    the first ``import``. Keep the symlinked path so the venv activates
    its own environment. Lexical expansion only via ``expanduser``.
    """
    current_home = Path.home()
    p = Path(path).expanduser()
    try:
        relative = p.relative_to(current_home)
        return str(Path(target_home_dir) / relative)
    except ValueError:
        return str(p)


def _hermes_home_for_target_user(target_home_dir: str) -> str:
    """Remap the current HERMES_HOME to the equivalent under a target user's home.

    When installing a system service via sudo, get_hermes_home() resolves to
    root's home.  This translates it to the target user's equivalent path:
      /root/.hermes                    → /home/alice/.hermes
      /root/.hermes/profiles/coder     → /home/alice/.hermes/profiles/coder
      /opt/custom-hermes               → /opt/custom-hermes  (kept as-is)
    """
    current_hermes_raw = os.environ.get("HERMES_HOME", "").strip()
    current_hermes = (
        Path(current_hermes_raw).expanduser()
        if current_hermes_raw
        else get_hermes_home()
    )
    # Keep explicit custom paths lexical. Resolving a non-existent custom path
    # can rewrite it through host-specific path mappings, which would bake a
    # different HERMES_HOME into the generated service unit.
    current_default = Path.home() / ".hermes"
    target_default = Path(target_home_dir) / ".hermes"

    # Default ~/.hermes → remap to target user's default
    if current_hermes == current_default:
        return str(target_default)

    # Profile or subdir of ~/.hermes → preserve the relative structure
    try:
        relative = current_hermes.relative_to(current_default)
        return str(target_default / relative)
    except ValueError:
        # Completely custom path (not under ~/.hermes) — keep as-is
        return str(current_hermes)


def _build_service_path_dirs(project_root: Path | None = None) -> list[str]:
    """Build PATH directory list for service units, excluding non-existent dirs."""
    if project_root is None:
        project_root = PROJECT_ROOT

    def _is_dir(path: Path) -> bool:
        try:
            return path.is_dir()
        except OSError:
            return False

    candidates = []

    venv_bin = project_root / "venv" / "bin"
    if _is_dir(venv_bin):
        candidates.append(str(venv_bin))
    elif sys.prefix != sys.base_prefix:
        candidates.append(str(Path(sys.prefix) / "bin"))

    node_bin = project_root / "node_modules" / ".bin"
    if _is_dir(node_bin):
        candidates.append(str(node_bin))

    hermes_home = get_hermes_home()
    hermes_node = hermes_home / "node" / "bin"
    if _is_dir(hermes_node):
        candidates.append(str(hermes_node))
    hermes_nm = hermes_home / "node_modules" / ".bin"
    if _is_dir(hermes_nm):
        candidates.append(str(hermes_nm))

    return candidates


def _stable_service_working_dir() -> str:
    """Return a WorkingDirectory that will not disappear out from under systemd.

    The gateway does NOT need its cwd to be the source checkout — ``ExecStart``
    uses an absolute python interpreter and ``-m hermes_cli.main``, so module
    resolution does not depend on cwd. Pinning ``WorkingDirectory`` to
    ``PROJECT_ROOT`` (``Path(__file__).parent.parent``) is actively harmful:
    when the unit is generated from a transient checkout — a ``.worktrees/``
    dir, or a clone that ``hermes update`` later relocates/removes — the path
    rots. systemd then fails the start at the CHDIR step (``status=200/CHDIR``,
    "Changing to the requested working directory failed") *before* Python
    loads, so the on-boot ``refresh_systemd_unit_if_needed()`` self-heal never
    runs and ``Restart=always`` crash-loops forever on a dead directory.

    ``HERMES_HOME`` is the stable anchor: it is where config/state/logs live,
    it never moves, and it is guaranteed to exist whenever the gateway is
    meaningfully installed. Fall back to ``PROJECT_ROOT`` only if HERMES_HOME
    cannot be resolved (it always can in practice).
    """
    try:
        home = get_hermes_home()
        if home and Path(home).is_dir():
            return str(Path(home).resolve())
    except Exception:
        pass
    return str(PROJECT_ROOT)


def _systemd_watchdog_seconds(hermes_home: str | Path | None = None) -> int:
    """Resolve the managed-overlay-aware watchdog setting for a service home."""
    override_token = None
    reset_home_override = None
    if hermes_home is not None:
        from hermes_constants import (
            reset_hermes_home_override,
            set_hermes_home_override,
        )

        override_token = set_hermes_home_override(hermes_home)
        reset_home_override = reset_hermes_home_override
    try:
        config = load_gateway_config()
        return coerce_systemd_watchdog_seconds(
            getattr(config, "systemd_watchdog_seconds", 0)
        )
    except Exception:
        logger.debug(
            "Could not resolve effective systemd watchdog configuration",
            exc_info=True,
        )
        return 0
    finally:
        if override_token is not None and reset_home_override is not None:
            reset_home_override(override_token)


def _systemd_watchdog_service_fields(
    hermes_home: str | Path | None = None,
) -> tuple[str, str]:
    """Return systemd service fields for the effective gateway config."""
    seconds = _systemd_watchdog_seconds(hermes_home)
    if seconds <= 0:
        return "simple", ""
    return "notify", f"NotifyAccess=main\nWatchdogSec={seconds}s\n"


def generate_systemd_unit(system: bool = False, run_as_user: str | None = None) -> str:
    python_path = get_python_path()
    working_dir = _stable_service_working_dir()
    detected_venv = _detect_venv_dir()
    venv_dir = str(detected_venv) if detected_venv else str(PROJECT_ROOT / "venv")

    path_entries = _build_service_path_dirs()
    resolved_node = shutil.which("node")
    if resolved_node:
        # Use the directory where ``node`` is *found on PATH*, NOT the
        # symlink's resolved target. ``~/.local/bin/node`` is often a symlink
        # into a specific profile's node install (e.g. profiles/jarvis/node/
        # bin/node); calling .resolve() here would chase that symlink and bake
        # one profile's node path into *every* profile's service unit. That
        # cross-profile leak makes systemd_unit_is_current() perpetually false,
        # so each gateway rewrites its unit + daemon-reload on every boot. Using
        # the symlink's own parent keeps the generated unit profile-agnostic.
        resolved_node_dir = str(Path(resolved_node).parent)
        if resolved_node_dir not in path_entries:
            path_entries.append(resolved_node_dir)

    common_bin_paths = [
        "/usr/local/sbin",
        "/usr/local/bin",
        "/usr/sbin",
        "/usr/bin",
        "/sbin",
        "/bin",
    ]
    # Preserve 30s for post-drain cleanup before systemd escalates, with a
    # 60s minimum for installs that use the default immediate drain. Positive
    # drain values extend the deadline directly instead of inheriting a second
    # 60s floor, so a configured 45s drain yields 75s rather than 90s.
    _drain_timeout = int(_get_restart_drain_timeout() or 0)
    restart_timeout = max(60, _drain_timeout + 30)

    if system:
        username, group_name, home_dir = _system_service_identity(run_as_user)
        hermes_home = _hermes_home_for_target_user(home_dir)
        systemd_type, systemd_watchdog_directives = _systemd_watchdog_service_fields(
            hermes_home
        )
        profile_arg = _profile_arg_for_target_user(hermes_home, home_dir)
        # Remap all paths that may resolve under the calling user's home
        # (e.g. /root/) to the target user's home so the service can
        # actually access them.
        python_path = _remap_path_for_user(python_path, home_dir)
        # Anchor cwd to the target user's HERMES_HOME (stable, always exists)
        # rather than a remapped source-checkout path that can rot. See
        # _stable_service_working_dir() for the full rationale.
        working_dir = str(hermes_home) if hermes_home else _remap_path_for_user(working_dir, home_dir)
        venv_dir = _remap_path_for_user(venv_dir, home_dir)
        path_entries = [_remap_path_for_user(p, home_dir) for p in path_entries]
        path_entries.extend(_build_user_local_paths(Path(home_dir), path_entries))
        path_entries.extend(_build_wsl_interop_paths(path_entries))
        path_entries.extend(common_bin_paths)
        sane_path = ":".join(path_entries)
        return f"""[Unit]
Description={SERVICE_DESCRIPTION}
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
StartLimitIntervalSec=0

[Service]
Type={systemd_type}
{systemd_watchdog_directives}User={username}
Group={group_name}
ExecStart={python_path} -m hermes_cli.main{f" {profile_arg}" if profile_arg else ""} gateway run
WorkingDirectory={working_dir}
Environment="HOME={home_dir}"
Environment="USER={username}"
Environment="LOGNAME={username}"
Environment="PATH={sane_path}"
Environment="VIRTUAL_ENV={venv_dir}"
Environment="HERMES_HOME={hermes_home}"
Restart=always
RestartSec=5
RestartForceExitStatus={GATEWAY_SERVICE_RESTART_EXIT_CODE}
RestartPreventExitStatus={GATEWAY_FATAL_CONFIG_EXIT_CODE}
KillMode=mixed
KillSignal=SIGTERM
ExecReload=/bin/kill -USR1 $MAINPID
ExecStopPost=-{python_path} -m gateway.cgroup_cleanup
TimeoutStopSec={restart_timeout}
StandardOutput=journal
StandardError=journal

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
"""

    hermes_home = str(get_hermes_home().resolve())
    systemd_type, systemd_watchdog_directives = _systemd_watchdog_service_fields(
        hermes_home
    )
    profile_arg = _profile_arg(hermes_home)
    path_entries.extend(_build_user_local_paths(Path.home(), path_entries))
    path_entries.extend(_build_wsl_interop_paths(path_entries))
    path_entries.extend(common_bin_paths)
    sane_path = ":".join(path_entries)
    return f"""[Unit]
Description={SERVICE_DESCRIPTION}
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
StartLimitIntervalSec=0

[Service]
Type={systemd_type}
{systemd_watchdog_directives}ExecStart={python_path} -m hermes_cli.main{f" {profile_arg}" if profile_arg else ""} gateway run
WorkingDirectory={working_dir}
Environment="PATH={sane_path}"
Environment="VIRTUAL_ENV={venv_dir}"
Environment="HERMES_HOME={hermes_home}"
Restart=always
RestartSec=5
RestartForceExitStatus={GATEWAY_SERVICE_RESTART_EXIT_CODE}
RestartPreventExitStatus={GATEWAY_FATAL_CONFIG_EXIT_CODE}
KillMode=mixed
KillSignal=SIGTERM
ExecReload=/bin/kill -USR1 $MAINPID
ExecStopPost=-{python_path} -m gateway.cgroup_cleanup
TimeoutStopSec={restart_timeout}
StandardOutput=journal
StandardError=journal

[Install]
WantedBy=default.target
"""


def _normalize_service_definition(text: str) -> str:
    return "\n".join(line.rstrip() for line in text.strip().splitlines())


# Directives that older systemd versions silently ignore/strip.  Normalize
# them out of stale-check comparisons so a unit that differs only by these
# directives is not perpetually flagged as outdated.
_SYSTEMD_OPTIONAL_DIRECTIVES = (
    "RestartMaxDelaySec",
    "RestartSteps",
)


def _strip_optional_systemd_directives(text: str) -> str:
    """Remove systemd directives that older hosts silently drop."""
    lines = text.splitlines()
    filtered = []
    for line in lines:
        stripped = line.strip()
        if stripped and not stripped.startswith("#"):
            key = stripped.split("=", 1)[0].strip()
            if key in _SYSTEMD_OPTIONAL_DIRECTIVES:
                continue
        filtered.append(line)
    return "\n".join(filtered)


def _normalize_launchd_plist_for_comparison(text: str) -> str:
    """Normalize launchd plist text for staleness checks.

    The generated plist intentionally captures a broad PATH assembled from the
    invoking shell so user-installed tools remain reachable under launchd.
    That makes raw text comparison unstable across shells, so ignore the PATH
    payload when deciding whether the installed plist is stale.
    """
    import re

    normalized = _normalize_service_definition(text)
    return re.sub(
        r"(<key>PATH</key>\s*<string>)(.*?)(</string>)",
        r"\1__HERMES_PATH__\3",
        normalized,
        flags=re.S,
    )


def systemd_unit_is_current(system: bool = False) -> bool:
    # ── HERMES_HOME sync chokepoint ──────────────────────────────────────
    # Every path that compares OR regenerates the unit funnels through here:
    # ``refresh_systemd_unit_if_needed`` gates on this before rewriting, and
    # ``systemd_status`` / ``systemd_install`` call it directly. Doing the
    # sync here — and ONLY here — enforces the invariant "the operator's
    # pinned HERMES_HOME is adopted before any compare/regenerate" at a single
    # site, so a future callsite cannot regress it by forgetting to pre-sync.
    #
    # Under ``sudo hermes gateway … --system``, HERMES_HOME is often stripped
    # and falls back to ``/root/.hermes``. Adopting the unit's pinned home
    # first makes TimeoutStopSec / WorkingDirectory / HERMES_HOME comparisons
    # use the real operator config — otherwise start/restart "refresh" rewrites
    # a correct unit from root's defaults and ``status`` keeps warning forever.
    # ``_sync_...`` is idempotent (early-returns once os.environ matches), so
    # the mutation persists for callers that read runtime state after this
    # (e.g. ``systemd_restart``'s post-refresh get_running_pid / drain-timeout).
    _sync_hermes_home_from_systemd_unit(system=system)

    unit_path = get_systemd_unit_path(system=system)
    if not unit_path.exists():
        return False

    installed = unit_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
    expected_user = _read_systemd_user_from_unit(unit_path) if system else None
    expected = generate_systemd_unit(system=system, run_as_user=expected_user)
    # Normalize out directives that older systemd versions silently drop
    # (RestartMaxDelaySec, RestartSteps) so a unit that differs only by
    # those directives is not perpetually flagged as outdated.
    norm_installed = _normalize_service_definition(
        _strip_optional_systemd_directives(installed)
    )
    norm_expected = _normalize_service_definition(
        _strip_optional_systemd_directives(expected)
    )
    return norm_installed == norm_expected


def _temp_home_in_service_definition(definition: str) -> str | None:
    """Return the temp-dir HERMES_HOME baked into a service definition, or None.

    A generated systemd unit / launchd plist carries the resolved HERMES_HOME
    in its environment block. If that path lives under the system temp dir,
    the definition was almost certainly generated by a test/E2E harness that
    exported a throwaway ``HERMES_HOME=/tmp/...`` — writing it to the real
    service file silently breaks the user's gateway on the next (re)start:
    the gateway comes back "active (running)" but pointed at an empty temp
    home ("No messaging platforms enabled"), deaf to every platform.
    Seen live 2026-06-11: an E2E guard probe ran ``hermes gateway restart``
    with ``HERMES_HOME=/tmp/hermes-e2e-<pr>`` exported; the restart path's
    unit refresh baked the temp path into the production unit and the
    post-update restart produced a zombie gateway for 7+ hours.

    Matches both systemd ``Environment="HERMES_HOME=..."`` lines and launchd
    ``<key>HERMES_HOME</key><string>...</string>`` pairs.
    """
    import re
    import tempfile

    candidates = re.findall(r'HERMES_HOME=([^"\n]+)', definition)
    candidates += re.findall(
        r"<key>HERMES_HOME</key>\s*<string>(.*?)</string>", definition, flags=re.S
    )
    temp_roots = {
        Path(tempfile.gettempdir()).resolve(),
        Path("/tmp"),
        Path("/var/tmp"),
        Path("/private/tmp"),
        Path("/private/var/tmp"),
    }
    for raw in candidates:
        try:
            resolved = Path(raw.strip().strip('"')).resolve()
        except (OSError, ValueError):
            continue
        for root in temp_roots:
            if resolved == root or root in resolved.parents:
                return raw.strip()
    return None


def _refuse_temp_home_service_write(definition: str, kind: str) -> bool:
    """Refuse (with guidance) when a service definition carries a temp HERMES_HOME."""
    temp_home = _temp_home_in_service_definition(definition)
    if temp_home is None:
        return False
    print(
        f"✗ Refusing to write the gateway {kind}: HERMES_HOME resolves to a "
        f"temporary directory ({temp_home})."
    )
    print(
        "  This usually means a test/E2E environment exported HERMES_HOME. "
        "Unset it (or run from a clean shell) and retry."
    )
    return True


def refresh_systemd_unit_if_needed(system: bool = False) -> bool:
    """Rewrite the installed systemd unit when the generated definition has changed."""
    unit_path = get_systemd_unit_path(system=system)
    if not unit_path.exists():
        return False

    # The gate below funnels through ``systemd_unit_is_current``, which is the
    # single HERMES_HOME-sync chokepoint (adopts the unit's pinned home before
    # any compare/regenerate). No separate pre-sync needed here — and the env
    # mutation it performs persists for the regenerate path below.
    if systemd_unit_is_current(system=system):
        return False

    expected_user = _read_systemd_user_from_unit(unit_path) if system else None
    new_unit = generate_systemd_unit(system=system, run_as_user=expected_user)

    # ── Test-environment safety belt ─────────────────────────────────────
    # The user-scope unit path resolves under ``Path.home()``, which is NOT
    # sandboxed by the test conftest (only HERMES_HOME is). If a test
    # exercises ``run_gateway()`` with a pytest-tmp HERMES_HOME, the freshly
    # generated unit bakes that ``/tmp/pytest-of-.../hermes_test`` path into
    # ``Environment="HERMES_HOME=..."``. Writing that to the developer's
    # real user systemd unit file silently breaks their gateway on the next
    # reboot (systemd loads the polluted env, the gateway looks at an empty
    # tmp dir, and Telegram/Discord/etc. all show as "not configured").
    # Refuse to write when the generated unit references a pytest tmpdir.
    # Detection sniffs the unit body — tests that legitimately exercise the
    # refresh flow patch ``generate_systemd_unit`` to return synthetic
    # content (``"new unit\n"``) which doesn't contain these markers and
    # still works.
    if not system and (
        "/pytest-of-" in new_unit
        or '/hermes_test"' in new_unit
        or "/hermes_test/" in new_unit
    ):
        return False

    # Structural variant of the same belt: refuse to bake ANY temp-dir
    # HERMES_HOME into the unit (manual E2E homes like /tmp/hermes-e2e-NNN
    # don't carry the pytest markers above but poison the unit identically).
    if _refuse_temp_home_service_write(new_unit, "systemd unit"):
        return False

    unit_path.write_text(new_unit, encoding="utf-8")
    _run_systemctl(["daemon-reload"], system=system, check=True, timeout=30)
    print(
        f"↻ Updated gateway {_service_scope_label(system)} service definition to match the current Hermes install"
    )
    return True


def _print_linger_enable_warning(username: str, detail: str | None = None) -> None:
    print()
    print("⚠ Linger not enabled — gateway may stop when you close this terminal.")
    if detail:
        print(f"  Auto-enable failed: {detail}")
    print()
    print("  On headless servers (VPS, cloud instances) run:")
    print(f"    sudo loginctl enable-linger {username}")
    print()
    print("  Then restart the gateway:")
    print(f"    systemctl --user restart {get_service_name()}.service")
    print()


def _ensure_linger_enabled() -> None:
    """Enable linger when possible so the user gateway survives logout."""
    if is_termux() or not is_linux():
        return

    import getpass

    username = getpass.getuser()
    linger_file = Path(f"/var/lib/systemd/linger/{username}")
    if linger_file.exists():
        print("✓ Systemd linger is enabled (service survives logout)")
        return

    linger_enabled, linger_detail = get_systemd_linger_status()
    if linger_enabled is True:
        print("✓ Systemd linger is enabled (service survives logout)")
        return

    if not shutil.which("loginctl"):
        _print_linger_enable_warning(username, linger_detail or "loginctl not found")
        return

    print("Enabling linger so the gateway survives SSH logout...")
    try:
        result = subprocess.run(
            ["loginctl", "enable-linger", username],
            capture_output=True,
            text=True, encoding='utf-8', errors='replace',
            check=False,
            timeout=30,
        )
    except Exception as e:
        _print_linger_enable_warning(username, str(e))
        return

    if result.returncode == 0:
        print("✓ Linger enabled — gateway will persist after logout")
        return

    detail = (result.stderr or result.stdout or f"exit {result.returncode}").strip()
    _print_linger_enable_warning(username, detail or linger_detail)


def _select_systemd_scope(system: bool = False) -> bool:
    if system:
        return True
    return (
        get_systemd_unit_path(system=True).exists()
        and not get_systemd_unit_path(system=False).exists()
    )


def _system_scope_wizard_would_need_root(system: bool = False) -> bool:
    """True when the setup wizard is about to trigger a system-scope operation
    as a non-root user.

    Replicates the decision ``_select_systemd_scope`` makes inside
    ``systemd_start`` / ``systemd_restart`` / ``systemd_stop`` so the wizard
    can detect the dead-end BEFORE prompting, rather than letting
    ``SystemScopeRequiresRootError`` propagate out and leave the user
    staring at a bare shell.
    """
    if os.geteuid() == 0:  # windows-footgun: ok — systemd scope wizard decision, never invoked on Windows
        return False
    return _select_systemd_scope(system=system)


def _print_system_scope_remediation(action: str) -> None:
    """Print actionable remediation when the wizard skips a system-scope
    prompt because the user isn't root. Keeps the wizard flowing instead of
    aborting.
    """
    svc = get_service_name()
    print_warning(
        f"Gateway is installed as a system-wide service — " f"{action} requires root."
    )
    print_info("  Options:")
    print_info(f"    1. {action.capitalize()} it this time:")
    if action == "start":
        print_info(f"         sudo systemctl start {svc}")
    elif action == "stop":
        print_info(f"         sudo systemctl stop {svc}")
    elif action == "restart":
        print_info(f"         sudo systemctl restart {svc}")
    else:
        print_info(f"         sudo systemctl {action} {svc}")
    print_info("    2. Switch to a per-user service (recommended for personal use):")
    print_info("         sudo hermes gateway uninstall --system")
    print_info("         hermes gateway install")
    print_info("         hermes gateway start")


def _get_restart_drain_timeout() -> float:
    """Return the configured gateway restart drain timeout in seconds."""
    raw = os.getenv("HERMES_RESTART_DRAIN_TIMEOUT", "").strip()
    if not raw:
        cfg = read_raw_config()
        agent_cfg = cfg.get("agent", {}) if isinstance(cfg, dict) else {}
        raw = str(
            agent_cfg.get(
                "restart_drain_timeout", DEFAULT_GATEWAY_RESTART_DRAIN_TIMEOUT
            )
        )
    return parse_restart_drain_timeout(raw)


def systemd_install(
    force: bool = False,
    system: bool = False,
    run_as_user: str | None = None,
    enable_on_startup: bool = True,
    non_interactive: bool = False,
):
    if system:
        _require_root_for_system_service("install")

    # Offer to remove legacy units (hermes.service from pre-rename installs)
    # before installing the new hermes-gateway.service. If both remain, they
    # flap-fight for the Telegram bot token on every gateway startup.
    # Only removes units matching _LEGACY_SERVICE_NAMES + our ExecStart
    # signature — profile units are never touched.
    if has_legacy_hermes_units():
        print()
        print_legacy_unit_warning()
        print()
        if non_interactive or prompt_yes_no("Remove the legacy unit(s) before installing?", True):
            remove_legacy_hermes_units(interactive=False)
            print()

    unit_path = get_systemd_unit_path(system=system)
    scope_flag = " --system" if system else ""

    # Existing system units already pin HERMES_HOME; adopt it before any
    # regenerate. This pre-sync is NOT redundant with the systemd_unit_is_current
    # chokepoint: the ``--force`` path below skips the is_current gate and calls
    # generate_systemd_unit() directly (line ~3172), so without this a
    # ``sudo hermes gateway install --system --force`` would bake /root/.hermes
    # into an already-correct unit. Keep it to protect that bypass path.
    if unit_path.exists():
        _sync_hermes_home_from_systemd_unit(system=system)

    if unit_path.exists() and not force:
        if not systemd_unit_is_current(system=system):
            print(
                f"↻ Repairing outdated {_service_scope_label(system)} systemd service at: {unit_path}"
            )
            refresh_systemd_unit_if_needed(system=system)
            if enable_on_startup:
                _run_systemctl(["enable", get_service_name()], system=system, check=True, timeout=30)
            print(f"✓ {_service_scope_label(system).capitalize()} service definition updated")
            return
        print(f"Service already installed at: {unit_path}")
        print("Use --force to reinstall")
        return

    unit_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
    new_unit = generate_systemd_unit(system=system, run_as_user=run_as_user)
    if _refuse_temp_home_service_write(new_unit, "systemd unit"):
        return
    print(f"Installing {_service_scope_label(system)} systemd service to: {unit_path}")
    unit_path.write_text(new_unit, encoding="utf-8")

    _run_systemctl(["daemon-reload"], system=system, check=True, timeout=30)
    if enable_on_startup:
        _run_systemctl(["enable", get_service_name()], system=system, check=True, timeout=30)

    print()
    enable_label = "installed and enabled" if enable_on_startup else "installed"
    print(f"✓ {_service_scope_label(system).capitalize()} service {enable_label}!")
    print()
    print("Next steps:")
    print(
        f"  {'sudo ' if system else ''}hermes gateway start{scope_flag}              # Start the service"
    )
    print(
        f"  {'sudo ' if system else ''}hermes gateway status{scope_flag}             # Check status"
    )
    print(
        f"  {'journalctl' if system else 'journalctl --user'} -u {get_service_name()} -f  # View logs"
    )
    print()

    if system:
        configured_user = _read_systemd_user_from_unit(unit_path)
        if configured_user:
            print(f"Configured to run as: {configured_user}")
    else:
        _ensure_linger_enabled()

    print_systemd_scope_conflict_warning()
    print_legacy_unit_warning()


def systemd_uninstall(system: bool = False):
    system = _select_systemd_scope(system)
    if system:
        _require_root_for_system_service("uninstall")

    _run_systemctl(["stop", get_service_name()], system=system, check=False, timeout=90)
    _run_systemctl(
        ["disable", get_service_name()], system=system, check=False, timeout=30
    )

    unit_path = get_systemd_unit_path(system=system)
    if unit_path.exists():
        unit_path.unlink()
        print(f"✓ Removed {unit_path}")

    _run_systemctl(["daemon-reload"], system=system, check=True, timeout=30)
    print(f"✓ {_service_scope_label(system).capitalize()} service uninstalled")


def _require_service_installed(action: str, system: bool = False) -> None:
    unit_path = get_systemd_unit_path(system=system)
    if not unit_path.exists():
        scope_flag = " --system" if system else ""
        print("✗ Gateway service is not installed")
        print(f"  Run: {'sudo ' if system else ''}hermes gateway install{scope_flag}")
        sys.exit(1)


def systemd_start(system: bool = False):
    system = _select_systemd_scope(system)
    if system:
        _require_root_for_system_service("start")
    else:
        # Fail fast with actionable guidance if the user D-Bus session is not
        # reachable (common on fresh RHEL/Debian SSH sessions without linger).
        # Raises UserSystemdUnavailableError with a remediation message.
        _preflight_user_systemd()
    _require_service_installed("start", system=system)
    # HERMES_HOME sync happens inside refresh_systemd_unit_if_needed's
    # systemd_unit_is_current gate (the single chokepoint), and the unit is
    # guaranteed to exist here by _require_service_installed, so the gate runs.
    refresh_systemd_unit_if_needed(system=system)
    _run_systemctl(["start", get_service_name()], system=system, check=True, timeout=30)
    print(f"✓ {_service_scope_label(system).capitalize()} service started")


def systemd_stop(system: bool = False):
    system = _select_systemd_scope(system)
    if system:
        _require_root_for_system_service("stop")
    _require_service_installed("stop", system=system)
    _sync_hermes_home_from_systemd_unit(system=system)
    try:
        from gateway.status import get_running_pid, write_planned_stop_marker

        pid = get_running_pid(cleanup_stale=False)
        if pid is not None:
            write_planned_stop_marker(pid)
    except Exception:
        pass
    try:
        _run_systemctl(
            ["stop", get_service_name()], system=system, check=True, timeout=90
        )
    except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
        label = _service_scope_label(system)
        print(
            f"Gateway {label} service is still stopping after 90s; "
            "check `hermes gateway status` or logs for final shutdown state."
        )
        return
    print(f"✓ {_service_scope_label(system).capitalize()} service stopped")


def systemd_restart(system: bool = False):
    system = _select_systemd_scope(system)
    if system:
        _require_root_for_system_service("restart")
    else:
        _preflight_user_systemd()
    _require_service_installed("restart", system=system)
    # HERMES_HOME sync happens inside refresh_systemd_unit_if_needed's
    # systemd_unit_is_current gate (the single chokepoint). The unit exists
    # here (_require_service_installed), so the gate runs and its os.environ
    # mutation persists for the get_running_pid / drain-timeout reads below —
    # no separate pre-sync needed.
    refresh_systemd_unit_if_needed(system=system)
    from gateway.status import get_running_pid

    pid = get_running_pid() or _systemd_main_pid(system=system)
    if pid is not None:
        scope_label = _service_scope_label(system).capitalize()
        svc = get_service_name()
        drain_timeout = _get_restart_drain_timeout()

        print(f"⏳ {scope_label} service restarting gracefully (PID {pid})...")
        if _graceful_restart_via_sigusr1(pid, drain_timeout + 5):
            # The gateway exits with code 75 for a planned service restart.
            # RestartSec can otherwise delay the relaunch even though the
            # operator asked for an immediate restart, so kick the unit once
            # the old PID has exited and then wait for the replacement PID.
            _run_systemctl(
                ["reset-failed", svc],
                system=system,
                check=False,
                timeout=30,
            )
            _run_systemctl(
                ["restart", svc],
                system=system,
                check=False,
                timeout=90,
            )
            if _wait_for_systemd_service_restart(system=system, previous_pid=pid):
                return
            if _systemd_service_is_start_limited(system=system):
                return

        print(
            f"⚠ Graceful restart did not complete within {int(drain_timeout + 5)}s; "
            "forcing a service restart..."
        )
        _run_systemctl(
            ["reset-failed", svc],
            system=system,
            check=False,
            timeout=30,
        )
        try:
            _run_systemctl(["restart", svc], system=system, check=True, timeout=90)
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as exc:
            if _systemd_error_indicates_start_limit(
                exc
            ) or _systemd_service_is_start_limited(system=system):
                _print_systemd_start_limit_wait(system=system)
                return
            raise
        except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
            label = _service_scope_label(system)
            print(
                f"Gateway {label} service is still restarting after 90s; "
                "check `hermes gateway status` or logs for final state."
            )
            return
        _wait_for_systemd_service_restart(system=system, previous_pid=pid)
        return

    if _recover_pending_systemd_restart(system=system, previous_pid=pid):
        return

    _run_systemctl(
        ["reset-failed", get_service_name()],
        system=system,
        check=False,
        timeout=30,
    )
    try:
        _run_systemctl(
            ["restart", get_service_name()], system=system, check=True, timeout=90
        )
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as exc:
        if _systemd_error_indicates_start_limit(
            exc
        ) or _systemd_service_is_start_limited(system=system):
            _print_systemd_start_limit_wait(system=system)
            return
        raise
    except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
        label = _service_scope_label(system)
        print(
            f"Gateway {label} service is still restarting after 90s; "
            "check `hermes gateway status` or logs for final state."
        )
        return
    _wait_for_systemd_service_restart(system=system, previous_pid=pid)


def systemd_status(deep: bool = False, system: bool = False, full: bool = False):
    system = _select_systemd_scope(system)
    unit_path = get_systemd_unit_path(system=system)
    scope_flag = " --system" if system else ""

    if not unit_path.exists():
        print("✗ Gateway service is not installed")
        print(f"  Run: {'sudo ' if system else ''}hermes gateway install{scope_flag}")
        return

    if has_conflicting_systemd_units():
        print_systemd_scope_conflict_warning()
        print()

    if has_legacy_hermes_units():
        print_legacy_unit_warning()
        print()

    if not systemd_unit_is_current(system=system):
        print("⚠ Installed gateway service definition is outdated")
        print(
            f"  Run: {'sudo ' if system else ''}hermes gateway restart{scope_flag}  # auto-refreshes the unit"
        )
        print()

    status_cmd = ["status", get_service_name(), "--no-pager"]
    if full:
        status_cmd.append("-l")

    _run_systemctl(
        status_cmd,
        system=system,
        capture_output=False,
        timeout=10,
    )

    result = _run_systemctl(
        ["is-active", get_service_name()],
        system=system,
        capture_output=True,
        text=True, encoding='utf-8', errors='replace',
        timeout=10,
    )

    status = result.stdout.strip()

    if status == "active":
        print(
            f"✓ {_service_scope_label(system).capitalize()} gateway service is running"
        )
    else:
        print(
            f"✗ {_service_scope_label(system).capitalize()} gateway service is stopped"
        )
        print(f"  Run: {'sudo ' if system else ''}hermes gateway start{scope_flag}")

    configured_user = _read_systemd_user_from_unit(unit_path) if system else None
    if configured_user:
        print(f"Configured to run as: {configured_user}")

    runtime_lines = _runtime_health_lines()
    if runtime_lines:
        print()
        print("Recent gateway health:")
        for line in runtime_lines:
            print(f"  {line}")

    unit_props = _read_systemd_unit_properties(system=system)
    active_state = unit_props.get("ActiveState", "")
    sub_state = unit_props.get("SubState", "")
    exec_main_status = unit_props.get("ExecMainStatus", "")
    result_code = unit_props.get("Result", "")
    if active_state == "activating" and sub_state == "auto-restart":
        print("  ⏳ Restart pending: systemd is waiting to relaunch the gateway")
    elif _systemd_unit_is_start_limited(unit_props):
        print("  ⏳ Restart pending: systemd is temporarily rate-limiting starts")
        print(
            f"  Run after the start-limit window expires: {'sudo ' if system else ''}hermes gateway restart{scope_flag}"
        )
        print(
            f"  Or clear it manually: systemctl {'--user ' if not system else ''}reset-failed {get_service_name()}"
        )
    elif active_state == "failed" and exec_main_status == str(
        GATEWAY_SERVICE_RESTART_EXIT_CODE
    ):
        print("  ⚠ Planned restart is stuck in systemd failed state (exit 75)")
        print(
            f"  Run: systemctl {'--user ' if not system else ''}reset-failed {get_service_name()} && {'sudo ' if system else ''}hermes gateway start{scope_flag}"
        )
    elif active_state == "failed" and result_code:
        print(f"  ⚠ Systemd unit result: {result_code}")

    if system:
        print("✓ System service starts at boot without requiring systemd linger")
    elif deep:
        print_systemd_linger_guidance()
    else:
        linger_enabled, _ = get_systemd_linger_status()
        if linger_enabled is True:
            print("✓ Systemd linger is enabled (service survives logout)")
        elif linger_enabled is False:
            print("⚠ Systemd linger is disabled (gateway may stop when you log out)")
            print("  Run: sudo loginctl enable-linger $USER")

    if deep:
        print()
        print("Recent logs:")
        log_cmd = _journalctl_cmd(system) + [
            "-u",
            get_service_name(),
            "-n",
            "20",
            "--no-pager",
        ]
        if full:
            log_cmd.append("-l")
        subprocess.run(log_cmd, timeout=10)


# =============================================================================
# Launchd (macOS)
# =============================================================================


def get_launchd_label() -> str:
    """Return the launchd service label, scoped per profile."""
    suffix = _profile_suffix()
    return f"ai.hermes.gateway-{suffix}" if suffix else "ai.hermes.gateway"


# Cached launchd domain result — probing is cheap but should only run once per
# process invocation (each ``hermes gateway start/stop/status`` call).
_resolved_launchd_domain: str | None = None


def _launchd_domain() -> str:
    """Return the launchd domain that actually manages the gateway service.

    Probes ``gui/<uid>`` first (Aqua sessions), then ``user/<uid>``
    (Background/SSH sessions).  When neither domain contains a loaded
    service, falls back to ``launchctl managername`` as a heuristic.

    The result is cached for the lifetime of the process so that repeated
    calls (``start``, ``stop``, ``restart``) use a consistent domain.

    See #40831, #23387.
    """
    global _resolved_launchd_domain
    if _resolved_launchd_domain is not None:
        return _resolved_launchd_domain

    uid = os.getuid()  # windows-footgun: ok — POSIX launchd (macOS) helper, never invoked on Windows
    label = get_launchd_label()
    gui_domain = f"gui/{uid}"
    user_domain = f"user/{uid}"

    # 1. Probe gui/<uid> first — in Aqua sessions the service is loaded here.
    try:
        subprocess.run(
            ["launchctl", "print", f"{gui_domain}/{label}"],
            check=True,
            timeout=5,
            capture_output=True,
        )
        _resolved_launchd_domain = gui_domain
        return gui_domain
    except (subprocess.CalledProcessError, subprocess.TimeoutExpired, FileNotFoundError):
        pass

    # 2. Probe user/<uid> — in Background/SSH sessions this is the working domain.
    try:
        subprocess.run(
            ["launchctl", "print", f"{user_domain}/{label}"],
            check=True,
            timeout=5,
            capture_output=True,
        )
        _resolved_launchd_domain = user_domain
        return user_domain
    except (subprocess.CalledProcessError, subprocess.TimeoutExpired, FileNotFoundError):
        pass

    # 3. Neither domain has the service loaded — use managername as heuristic.
    #    Aqua → gui/<uid>, anything else (Background, loginwindow) → user/<uid>.
    try:
        result = subprocess.run(
            ["launchctl", "managername"],
            capture_output=True,
            text=True, encoding='utf-8', errors='replace',
            timeout=5,
        )
        if "Aqua" in (result.stdout or ""):
            _resolved_launchd_domain = gui_domain
            return gui_domain
    except (subprocess.CalledProcessError, subprocess.TimeoutExpired, FileNotFoundError):
        pass

    # 4. Default to user/<uid> (matches the pre-probing behavior for
    #    Background/SSH sessions and is the recommended domain on macOS 26+).
    _resolved_launchd_domain = user_domain
    return user_domain


# On macOS, exit code 125 ("Domain does not support specified action") and
# 3/113 ("Could not find service") all mean the job isn't currently loaded in
# the target domain, so start/restart should re-bootstrap the plist and retry.
_LAUNCHD_JOB_UNLOADED_EXIT_CODES = frozenset({3, 113, 125})

# launchctl returns 5 ("Input/output error") or a persistent 125 in two very
# different situations, so exit 5 is NOT on its own proof the domain is broken:
#   1. The target label is still *registered* in the domain (a stale load from
#      an interrupted restart / a bootout that didn't settle). This is
#      recoverable — boot the stale label out and bootstrap again. See #42914.
#   2. The domain genuinely can't manage services (macOS 26+, neither
#      `gui/<uid>` nor `user/<uid>` supports service management). Here launchd
#      cannot supervise the gateway at all and we degrade to a detached
#      background process (the `nohup hermes gateway run` workaround). See #23387.
# `_launchctl_bootstrap()` disambiguates by trying the bootout+retry (case 1)
# first; only when that retry ALSO returns 5/125 do callers treat the domain as
# unsupported (case 2) via `_launchctl_domain_unsupported`.
_LAUNCHCTL_DOMAIN_UNSUPPORTED_CODES = frozenset({5, 125})


def _launchd_error_indicates_unloaded(exc: subprocess.CalledProcessError) -> bool:
    """True when launchctl failed because the job isn't loaded (retry bootstrap)."""
    return exc.returncode in _LAUNCHD_JOB_UNLOADED_EXIT_CODES


def _launchctl_domain_unsupported(returncode: int) -> bool:
    """True when launchctl can't manage the domain even after a fresh bootstrap.

    Codes 5 and 125 persist on macOS hosts where neither `gui/<uid>` nor
    `user/<uid>` supports service management; treat these as "launchd
    unavailable" and degrade gracefully to a detached process.
    """
    return returncode in _LAUNCHCTL_DOMAIN_UNSUPPORTED_CODES


# `launchctl bootstrap` returns this when the target label is *already*
# registered in the domain — a stale load left by an interrupted restart or a
# bootout that didn't fully settle. EIO here means "already loaded", which is
# recoverable, NOT that the domain is unmanageable; only when a bootout + retry
# also fails is the domain genuinely unsupported.
_LAUNCHCTL_BOOTSTRAP_EIO = 5


def _launchctl_bootstrap(
    domain: str, plist_path, label: str, *, timeout: int = 30
) -> None:
    """Bootstrap a launchd job, recovering from a stale already-loaded label.

    On modern macOS, ``launchctl bootstrap`` of a label that is still
    registered in ``domain`` fails with ``5: Input/output error`` (EIO). That
    is the *already loaded* case — distinct from the domain being unmanageable,
    which callers handle via :func:`_launchctl_domain_unsupported`. A leftover
    registration from an interrupted restart leaves the job
    loaded-but-not-running, so the next bootstrap hits EIO; without this retry
    we misclassify it as "launchd cannot manage this macOS version" and degrade
    to a detached process, silently losing auto-start and crash-restart.

    Recover by booting the stale label out and bootstrapping once more. If the
    retry still fails, the ``CalledProcessError`` propagates so callers apply
    their domain-unsupported fallback for a genuinely broken domain.
    """
    try:
        subprocess.run(
            ["launchctl", "bootstrap", domain, str(plist_path)],
            check=True,
            timeout=timeout,
        )
        return
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as exc:
        if exc.returncode != _LAUNCHCTL_BOOTSTRAP_EIO:
            raise
        # Stale registration — drop the leftover label and bootstrap once more.
        subprocess.run(
            ["launchctl", "bootout", f"{domain}/{label}"],
            check=False,
            timeout=timeout,
        )
        subprocess.run(
            ["launchctl", "bootstrap", domain, str(plist_path)],
            check=True,
            timeout=timeout,
        )


def _launchd_reload_log_path() -> Path:
    """Path the launchd reload watchdog tails for persistent-orphan detection."""
    return get_hermes_home() / "logs" / "launchd-reload.log"


def _append_launchd_reload_log(message: str) -> None:
    """Append a timestamped line to the launchd reload log (best-effort)."""
    path = _launchd_reload_log_path()
    try:
        path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
        from datetime import datetime as _dt

        stamp = _dt.now().astimezone().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %z")
        with path.open("a", encoding="utf-8") as fh:
            fh.write(f"[{stamp}] {message}\n")
    except OSError:
        pass


def _launchctl_label_registered(label: str) -> bool:
    """True when ``launchctl list <label>`` reports the job as registered."""
    try:
        result = subprocess.run(
            ["launchctl", "list", label],
            check=False,
            timeout=10,
            stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
            stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
        )
        return result.returncode == 0
    except (subprocess.TimeoutExpired, OSError):
        return False


def _retry_launchctl_bootstrap_until_registered(
    domain: str, plist_path, label: str, *, deadline: float
) -> bool:
    """Bootstrap with retry until the label is registered or ``deadline`` passes.

    Wraps :func:`_launchctl_bootstrap` (which already recovers the EIO
    "already loaded" case) in a wall-clock retry loop for the *transient*
    failure mode: under high load or a launchd race the bootstrap can fail
    even after ``bootout`` already tore down the prior registration, leaving
    the service orphaned from ``KeepAlive`` supervision. The reported incident
    happened during a graceful drain (default ``agent.restart_drain_timeout``
    = 180s), so a fixed ~10s window is too short — retry until ``deadline``.

    Both ``CalledProcessError`` and ``TimeoutExpired`` are treated as
    retryable: a ``bootstrap`` that times out after ``bootout`` still leaves
    the service unloaded, so it must be retried, not allowed to escape. On
    each failure a timestamped line is appended to the reload log; success is
    confirmed with ``launchctl list`` (not merely a zero bootstrap exit).
    Returns True once the label is registered, False if the deadline is hit.
    """
    attempt = 0
    while True:
        attempt += 1
        try:
            _launchctl_bootstrap(domain, plist_path, label, timeout=30)
            if _launchctl_label_registered(label):
                return True
            _append_launchd_reload_log(
                f"bootstrap attempt {attempt} exited 0 but {domain}/{label} "
                f"is not registered (launchctl list) — retrying"
            )
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as exc:
            _append_launchd_reload_log(
                f"bootstrap attempt {attempt} failed (rc={exc.returncode}) "
                f"for {domain}/{label} — retrying"
            )
        except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
            _append_launchd_reload_log(
                f"bootstrap attempt {attempt} timed out for {domain}/{label} "
                f"— retrying"
            )
        if time.monotonic() >= deadline:
            return False
        time.sleep(2)


# ── launchd unsupported marker ─────────────────────────────────────────────
# When launchd can't manage the domain on this host (error 5/125, macOS 26+),
# we write a persistent marker so `launchd_status()` can explain that launchd
# supervision is unavailable regardless of whether a fallback process is
# currently running.  The marker is cleared when bootstrap/kickstart succeeds,
# so an OS update that fixes the underlying issue allows automatic recovery.


def _launchd_unsupported_marker_path() -> Path:
    return get_hermes_home() / ".gateway-launchd-unsupported"


def _write_launchd_unsupported_marker() -> None:
    """Persist that launchd cannot supervise the gateway on this host."""
    import json
    from datetime import datetime, timezone

    try:
        _launchd_unsupported_marker_path().write_text(
            json.dumps({
                "written_at": datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat(),
                "reason": "launchd domain unsupported (exit 5/125)",
            }),
            encoding="utf-8",
        )
    except OSError:
        pass


def _clear_launchd_unsupported_marker() -> None:
    """Clear the unsupported marker when launchd bootstrap succeeds."""
    try:
        _launchd_unsupported_marker_path().unlink(missing_ok=True)
    except OSError:
        pass


def _launchd_unsupported_marker_exists() -> bool:
    return _launchd_unsupported_marker_path().exists()


def _gateway_run_command() -> list[str]:
    """Build the `python -m hermes_cli.main [--profile X] gateway run --replace` argv.

    Profile-aware: honors the active HERMES_HOME via `_profile_arg()` so the
    detached fallback launches into the same profile as the CLI invocation.
    """
    cmd = [get_python_path(), "-m", "hermes_cli.main"]
    profile_arg = _profile_arg()
    if profile_arg:
        cmd.extend(profile_arg.split())
    cmd.extend(["gateway", "run", "--replace"])
    return cmd


def _spawn_detached_gateway() -> bool:
    """Launch the gateway as a detached background process (launchd fallback).

    Used when launchctl can no longer bootstrap/kickstart the gateway on
    macOS 26+ (issue #23387). Mirrors the `nohup hermes gateway run --replace`
    workaround but keeps it CLI-managed: stdout/stderr go to the profile's
    gateway logs and the PID is tracked via the gateway.pid file that
    `run_gateway` writes, so stop/status/restart keep working.
    """
    from hermes_cli._subprocess_compat import windows_detach_popen_kwargs

    log_dir = get_hermes_home() / "logs"
    log_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
    out_path = log_dir / "gateway.log"
    err_path = log_dir / "gateway.error.log"
    try:
        out = open(out_path, "ab")
        err = open(err_path, "ab")
    except OSError:
        return False
    try:
        with out, err:
            subprocess.Popen(
                _gateway_run_command(),
                stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL,
                stdout=out,
                stderr=err,
                **windows_detach_popen_kwargs(),
            )
    except OSError:
        return False
    return True


def _launchd_fallback_to_detached(reason: str, *, exit_on_failure: bool = True) -> bool:
    """Start the gateway detached when launchd can't manage it, with guidance.

    Returns True if the detached gateway was launched. When it can't be
    launched, prints the manual workaround and (by default) exits non-zero so
    the failure surfaces instead of silently doing nothing.
    """
    from hermes_constants import display_hermes_home as _dhh

    _write_launchd_unsupported_marker()
    print(f"⚠ launchd cannot manage the gateway on this macOS version ({reason}).")
    if _spawn_detached_gateway():
        print("✓ Started gateway as a background process instead")
        print("  It will NOT auto-start at login or auto-restart on crash.")
        print(f"  Logs: {_dhh()}/logs/gateway.log")
        print("  Stop it with: hermes gateway stop")
        return True
    print_error("Failed to start the gateway as a background process.")
    print(
        f"  Try manually: nohup hermes gateway run --replace "
        f"> {_dhh()}/logs/gateway.log 2>&1 &"
    )
    if exit_on_failure:
        sys.exit(1)
    return False


def generate_launchd_plist() -> str:
    python_path = get_python_path()
    # Stable cwd anchor — never the volatile source checkout. See
    # _stable_service_working_dir() for the rationale (same rot risk applies
    # to launchd's WorkingDirectory as to systemd's).
    working_dir = _stable_service_working_dir()
    hermes_home = str(get_hermes_home().resolve())
    log_dir = get_hermes_home() / "logs"
    log_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
    label = get_launchd_label()
    profile_arg = _profile_arg(hermes_home)
    # Build a sane PATH for the launchd plist.  launchd provides only a
    # minimal default (/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin) which misses Homebrew,
    # nvm, cargo, etc.  We prepend venv/bin and node_modules/.bin (matching
    # the systemd unit), then capture the user's full shell PATH so every
    # user-installed tool (node, ffmpeg, …) is reachable.
    detected_venv = _detect_venv_dir()
    venv_dir = str(detected_venv) if detected_venv else str(PROJECT_ROOT / "venv")
    # Resolve the directory containing the node binary (e.g. Homebrew, nvm)
    # so it's explicitly in PATH even if the user's shell PATH changes later.
    priority_dirs = _build_service_path_dirs()
    resolved_node = shutil.which("node")
    if resolved_node:
        # Use the directory where ``node`` is *found on PATH*, NOT the symlink's
        # resolved target. ``~/.local/bin/node`` is often a symlink into a
        # specific profile's node install; calling .resolve() would chase it and
        # bake one profile's path into every profile's service definition,
        # breaking profile isolation and causing perpetual unit rewrites. See
        # the matching fix in generate_systemd_unit().
        resolved_node_dir = str(Path(resolved_node).parent)
        if resolved_node_dir not in priority_dirs:
            priority_dirs.append(resolved_node_dir)
    sane_path = ":".join(
        dict.fromkeys(
            priority_dirs + [p for p in os.environ.get("PATH", "").split(":") if p]
        )
    )

    # Build ProgramArguments array, including --profile when using a named profile
    prog_args = [
        f"<string>{python_path}</string>",
        "<string>-m</string>",
        "<string>hermes_cli.main</string>",
    ]
    if profile_arg:
        for part in profile_arg.split():
            prog_args.append(f"<string>{part}</string>")
    prog_args.extend(
        [
            "<string>gateway</string>",
            "<string>run</string>",
            "<string>--replace</string>",
        ]
    )
    prog_args_xml = "\n        ".join(prog_args)

    return f"""<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
    <key>Label</key>
    <string>{label}</string>

    <key>ProgramArguments</key>
    <array>
        {prog_args_xml}
    </array>
    
    <key>WorkingDirectory</key>
    <string>{working_dir}</string>
    
    <key>EnvironmentVariables</key>
    <dict>
        <key>PATH</key>
        <string>{sane_path}</string>
        <key>VIRTUAL_ENV</key>
        <string>{venv_dir}</string>
        <key>HERMES_HOME</key>
        <string>{hermes_home}</string>
    </dict>

    <key>LimitLoadToSessionType</key>
    <array>
        <string>Aqua</string>
        <string>Background</string>
    </array>
    
    <key>RunAtLoad</key>
    <true/>
    
    <key>KeepAlive</key>
    <true/>

    <!-- ThrottleInterval raises launchd's default 10s minimum respawn interval
         to 30s so a crash-looping gateway can't hammer launchd into a rapid
         respawn storm; ExitTimeOut gives the gateway 25s of graceful-drain
         headroom before launchd escalates from SIGTERM to SIGKILL on stop. -->
    <key>ThrottleInterval</key>
    <integer>30</integer>

    <key>ExitTimeOut</key>
    <integer>25</integer>

    <key>StandardOutPath</key>
    <string>{log_dir}/gateway.log</string>
    
    <key>StandardErrorPath</key>
    <string>{log_dir}/gateway.error.log</string>
</dict>
</plist>
"""


def launchd_plist_is_current() -> bool:
    """Check if the installed launchd plist matches the currently generated one."""
    plist_path = get_launchd_plist_path()
    if not plist_path.exists():
        return False

    installed = plist_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
    expected = generate_launchd_plist()
    return _normalize_launchd_plist_for_comparison(
        installed
    ) == _normalize_launchd_plist_for_comparison(expected)


def refresh_launchd_plist_if_needed() -> bool:
    """Rewrite the installed launchd plist when the generated definition has changed.

    Unlike systemd, launchd picks up plist changes on the next ``launchctl kill``/
    ``launchctl kickstart`` cycle — no daemon-reload is needed. We still bootout/
    bootstrap to make launchd re-read the updated plist immediately.
    """
    plist_path = get_launchd_plist_path()
    if not plist_path.exists() or launchd_plist_is_current():
        return False

    new_plist = generate_launchd_plist()
    if _refuse_temp_home_service_write(new_plist, "launchd plist"):
        return False

    plist_path.write_text(new_plist, encoding="utf-8")
    label = get_launchd_label()
    domain = _launchd_domain()
    target = f"{domain}/{label}"

    # If this refresh is running INSIDE the gateway's own launchd process tree
    # (e.g. the agent triggered a self-update via its terminal tool), a direct
    # `launchctl bootout` tears down the service's process group — which
    # includes THIS CLI — before the follow-up `bootstrap` can run. The gateway
    # then stays unloaded and KeepAlive can't revive it (#43842). Detect that
    # case and hand the reload to a detached session that survives the bootout.
    gateway_pid = None
    try:
        from gateway.status import get_running_pid
        gateway_pid = get_running_pid()
    except Exception:
        gateway_pid = None

    if (
        gateway_pid is not None
        and _is_pid_ancestor_of_current_process(gateway_pid)
        and hasattr(os, "setsid")  # POSIX-only; launchd is macOS so always true here
    ):
        # Delegate to a new session: `start_new_session=True` detaches the
        # helper from the gateway's process group, so the bootout that kills
        # the gateway (and us) does not kill the helper before it bootstraps.
        #
        # The bootstrap is retried up to 5 times with verification: under
        # high load (loadavg observed >= 9) or a launchd race, the bootout
        # can succeed (removing the service from launchd) while the
        # follow-up bootstrap fails silently. Without retry+verify the
        # service stays unregistered — KeepAlive can't revive a service
        # launchd no longer knows about, so the gateway stays dark until a
        # manual `launchctl bootstrap`. Failures append a timestamped line
        # to ~/.hermes/logs/launchd-reload.log, which the health watchdog
        # can tail to detect a persistent orphan. See hermes-restart
        # rootcause handoff (2026-06-26 incident).
        reload_log_path = get_hermes_home() / "logs" / "launchd-reload.log"
        try:
            reload_log_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
        except OSError:
            pass

        # Write a durable pre-bootout marker so we can distinguish "helper
        # never started" from "helper ran but bootout/bootstrap failed".
        _append_launchd_reload_log(f"Launchd reload helper started for {target}")

        # Retry until launchctl LISTS the label (not merely a zero bootstrap
        # exit) or the drain window elapses. The failure happens while the old
        # gateway is still draining (default agent.restart_drain_timeout=180s),
        # so a fixed ~10s window is too short — bound by that budget instead.
        _reload_budget = int(max(30.0, _get_restart_drain_timeout()))
        # Label for the transient one-shot job (see `launchctl submit` below).
        # Unique per reload so concurrent/repeated reloads never collide.
        submit_label = f"{label}.reload.{os.getpid()}.{int(time.time())}"
        reload_script = (
            f"sleep 2; "
            f"launchctl bootout {shlex.quote(target)} 2>/dev/null; "
            f"sleep 1; "
            f"_deadline=$(($(date +%s) + {_reload_budget})); "
            f"while :; do "
            f"  launchctl bootstrap {shlex.quote(domain)} {shlex.quote(str(plist_path))} 2>/dev/null; "
            f"  if launchctl list {shlex.quote(label)} >/dev/null 2>&1; then break; fi; "
            f"  echo \"[$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %z')] bootstrap not yet registered for {shlex.quote(target)} — retrying\" >> {shlex.quote(str(reload_log_path))}; "
            f"  if [ $(date +%s) -ge $_deadline ]; then break; fi; "
            f"  sleep 2; "
            f"done; "
            f"if ! launchctl list {shlex.quote(label)} >/dev/null 2>&1; then "
            f"  echo \"[$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %z')] FAILED launchd reload for {shlex.quote(target)} — service NOT registered after {_reload_budget}s of retries\" >> {shlex.quote(str(reload_log_path))}; "
            f"fi; "
            # Submitted jobs stay registered with launchd after the script
            # exits; without this, every reload leaks one dead label. Removing
            # our own label is the documented way to end a one-shot submit job
            # (it SIGTERMs the job, but this is the final statement anyway).
            f"launchctl remove {shlex.quote(submit_label)} 2>/dev/null"
        )
        try:
            # Spawn the reload helper via `launchctl submit` (a transient
            # launchd one-shot job) instead of `start_new_session=True`.
            # `start_new_session=True` only calls setsid(2), which creates a
            # new POSIX session but does NOT move the child outside the
            # launchd job's process coalition.  When `launchctl bootout` fires
            # on the gateway label, launchd terminates ALL processes in that
            # coalition — including a setsid-detached child (#69098).
            #
            # `launchctl submit` creates a wholly independent transient launchd
            # job that launchd manages separately from the gateway, so bootout
            # of the gateway job cannot reach the helper.
            subprocess.Popen(
                [
                    "launchctl", "submit",
                    "-l", submit_label,
                    "-o", str(reload_log_path),
                    "-e", str(reload_log_path),
                    "--",
                    "/bin/bash", "-c", reload_script,
                ],
                stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
                stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
            )
        except Exception as e:
            logger.warning("Deferred launchd reload could not be spawned: %s", e)
            _append_launchd_reload_log(
                f"FAILED to spawn launchd reload helper for {target}: {e}"
            )
            return False
        print(
            "↻ Updated gateway launchd service definition; reload deferred to a "
            "transient launchd job (refresh ran inside the gateway process tree)"
        )
        return True

    # Bootout/bootstrap so launchd picks up the new definition. The reported
    # incident (2026-06-26) happened when bootout succeeded but bootstrap
    # failed silently under load (loadavg 9.48) during a graceful /restart
    # drain, leaving the service unregistered — KeepAlive can't revive a job
    # launchd no longer knows about. Retry the bootstrap (via the shared
    # _launchctl_bootstrap EIO-recovery helper) until the label is actually
    # registered or the drain window elapses, verify with `launchctl list`,
    # and log exhaustion so the reload watchdog can detect a persistent orphan.
    subprocess.run(
        ["launchctl", "bootout", target],
        check=False,
        timeout=90,
    )
    # Size the retry window to the restart drain timeout (default 180s), not a
    # fixed ~10s: the failure mode occurs while the old gateway is still
    # draining, so a short window can exhaust before launchd settles.
    _reload_budget = max(30.0, _get_restart_drain_timeout())
    _deadline = time.monotonic() + _reload_budget
    if not _retry_launchctl_bootstrap_until_registered(
        domain, plist_path, label, deadline=_deadline
    ):
        _append_launchd_reload_log(
            f"FAILED launchd reload of {target} — service NOT registered after "
            f"retrying for {int(_reload_budget)}s (refresh ran outside gateway "
            f"process tree)"
        )
        logger.error(
            "launchd reload of %s failed — service not registered after %ds of "
            "retries; see %s",
            target,
            int(_reload_budget),
            _launchd_reload_log_path(),
        )
    print(
        "↻ Updated gateway launchd service definition to match the current Hermes install"
    )
    return True


def launchd_install(force: bool = False):
    plist_path = get_launchd_plist_path()

    if plist_path.exists() and not force:
        if not launchd_plist_is_current():
            print(f"↻ Repairing outdated launchd service at: {plist_path}")
            refresh_launchd_plist_if_needed()
            print("✓ Service definition updated")
            return
        print(f"Service already installed at: {plist_path}")
        print("Use --force to reinstall")
        return

    plist_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
    new_plist = generate_launchd_plist()
    if _refuse_temp_home_service_write(new_plist, "launchd plist"):
        return
    print(f"Installing launchd service to: {plist_path}")
    plist_path.write_text(new_plist, encoding="utf-8")

    try:
        _launchctl_bootstrap(
            _launchd_domain(), plist_path, get_launchd_label(), timeout=30
        )
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
        if not _launchctl_domain_unsupported(e.returncode):
            raise
        _launchd_fallback_to_detached(f"launchctl bootstrap exit {e.returncode}")
        return

    print()
    print("✓ Service installed and loaded!")
    _clear_launchd_unsupported_marker()
    print()
    print("Next steps:")
    print("  hermes gateway status             # Check status")
    from hermes_constants import display_hermes_home as _dhh

    print(f"  tail -f {_dhh()}/logs/gateway.log  # View logs")


def launchd_uninstall():
    plist_path = get_launchd_plist_path()
    label = get_launchd_label()
    subprocess.run(
        ["launchctl", "bootout", f"{_launchd_domain()}/{label}"],
        check=False,
        timeout=90,
    )

    if plist_path.exists():
        plist_path.unlink()
        print(f"✓ Removed {plist_path}")

    print("✓ Service uninstalled")


def launchd_start():
    plist_path = get_launchd_plist_path()
    label = get_launchd_label()

    # Self-heal if the plist is missing entirely (e.g., manual cleanup, failed upgrade)
    if not plist_path.exists():
        new_plist = generate_launchd_plist()
        if _refuse_temp_home_service_write(new_plist, "launchd plist"):
            sys.exit(1)
        print("↻ launchd plist missing; regenerating service definition")
        plist_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
        plist_path.write_text(new_plist, encoding="utf-8")
        try:
            _launchctl_bootstrap(_launchd_domain(), plist_path, label, timeout=30)
            subprocess.run(
                ["launchctl", "kickstart", f"{_launchd_domain()}/{label}"],
                check=True,
                timeout=30,
            )
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
            if not _launchctl_domain_unsupported(e.returncode):
                raise
            _launchd_fallback_to_detached(f"launchctl exit {e.returncode}")
            return
        print("✓ Service started")
        _clear_launchd_unsupported_marker()
        return

    refresh_launchd_plist_if_needed()
    try:
        subprocess.run(
            ["launchctl", "kickstart", f"{_launchd_domain()}/{label}"],
            check=True,
            timeout=30,
        )
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
        if not _launchd_error_indicates_unloaded(e):
            raise
        # Job not loaded in this domain — re-bootstrap the plist and retry.
        print("↻ launchd job was unloaded; reloading service definition")
        try:
            _launchctl_bootstrap(_launchd_domain(), plist_path, label, timeout=30)
            subprocess.run(
                ["launchctl", "kickstart", f"{_launchd_domain()}/{label}"],
                check=True,
                timeout=30,
            )
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e2:
            # Even a fresh bootstrap can't manage the domain on this host —
            # degrade to a detached background process (issue #23387).
            if not _launchctl_domain_unsupported(e2.returncode):
                raise
            _launchd_fallback_to_detached(f"launchctl exit {e2.returncode}")
            return
    print("✓ Service started")
    _clear_launchd_unsupported_marker()


def launchd_stop():
    label = get_launchd_label()
    target = f"{_launchd_domain()}/{label}"
    try:
        from gateway.status import get_running_pid, write_planned_stop_marker

        pid = get_running_pid(cleanup_stale=False)
        if pid is not None:
            write_planned_stop_marker(pid)
    except Exception:
        pass
    # bootout unloads the service definition so KeepAlive doesn't respawn
    # the process.  A plain `kill SIGTERM` only signals the process — launchd
    # immediately restarts it because KeepAlive is unconditionally true.
    # `hermes gateway start` re-bootstraps when it detects the job is unloaded.
    try:
        subprocess.run(["launchctl", "bootout", target], check=True, timeout=90)
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
        # Job already unloaded (3/113/125), or the domain can't be managed at
        # all (5/125, macOS 26+ detached-fallback process, issue #23387) — in
        # both cases just fall through to the PID-based kill below.
        if _launchd_error_indicates_unloaded(e) or _launchctl_domain_unsupported(
            e.returncode
        ):
            pass
        else:
            raise
    _wait_for_gateway_exit(timeout=10.0, force_after=5.0)
    print("✓ Service stopped")


def _wait_for_gateway_exit(
    timeout: float = 10.0, force_after: float | None = 5.0
) -> bool:
    """Wait for the gateway process (by saved PID) to exit.

    Uses the PID from the gateway.pid file — not launchd labels — so this
    works correctly when multiple gateway instances run under separate
    HERMES_HOME directories.

    Args:
        timeout: Total seconds to wait before giving up.
        force_after: Seconds of graceful waiting before escalating to force-kill.
    """
    import time
    from gateway.status import get_running_pid

    deadline = time.monotonic() + timeout
    force_deadline = (
        (time.monotonic() + force_after) if force_after is not None else None
    )
    force_sent = False

    while time.monotonic() < deadline:
        pid = get_running_pid()
        if pid is None:
            return True  # Process exited cleanly.

        if (
            force_after is not None
            and not force_sent
            and time.monotonic() >= force_deadline
        ):
            # Grace period expired — force-kill the specific PID.
            try:
                terminate_pid(pid, force=True)
                print(f"⚠ Gateway PID {pid} did not exit gracefully; sent SIGKILL")
            except (ProcessLookupError, PermissionError, OSError):
                return True  # Already gone or we can't touch it.
            force_sent = True

        time.sleep(0.3)

    # Timed out even after force-kill.
    remaining_pid = get_running_pid()
    if remaining_pid is not None:
        print(
            f"⚠ Gateway PID {remaining_pid} still running after {timeout}s — restart may fail"
        )
        return False
    return True


def launchd_restart():
    label = get_launchd_label()
    target = f"{_launchd_domain()}/{label}"
    drain_timeout = _get_restart_drain_timeout()
    from gateway.status import get_running_pid

    try:
        pid = get_running_pid()
        if pid is not None and _request_gateway_self_restart(pid):
            print("✓ Service restart requested")
            _clear_launchd_unsupported_marker()
            return
        if pid is not None:
            # Announce the drain BEFORE waiting on it. This wait can run for
            # the full drain budget (180s by default) while the old gateway
            # finishes in-flight agent runs, and it streams into surfaces with
            # no other feedback — the desktop updater's live output most of
            # all, where a silent stop here reads as "update stuck" (#44515).
            # Mirrors the systemd branch's "draining (up to Ns)..." line.
            print(
                f"→ Stopping gateway (PID {pid}) — draining in-flight runs "
                f"(up to {drain_timeout:.0f}s)..."
            )
            try:
                terminate_pid(pid, force=False)
            except (ProcessLookupError, PermissionError, OSError):
                pid = None
            if pid is not None:
                exited = _wait_for_gateway_exit(timeout=drain_timeout, force_after=None)
                if not exited:
                    print(
                        f"⚠ Gateway drain timed out after {drain_timeout:.0f}s — forcing launchd restart"
                    )
        subprocess.run(["launchctl", "kickstart", "-k", target], check=True, timeout=90)
        print("✓ Service restarted")
        _clear_launchd_unsupported_marker()
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
        if not _launchd_error_indicates_unloaded(e):
            # Not a "job unloaded" code. If the domain is fundamentally
            # unmanageable (error 5), degrade to detached; the old process was
            # already drained/terminated above. Otherwise re-raise.
            if _launchctl_domain_unsupported(e.returncode):
                _launchd_fallback_to_detached(f"launchctl kickstart exit {e.returncode}")
                return
            raise
        # Job not loaded — bootstrap and start fresh
        print("↻ launchd job was unloaded; reloading")
        plist_path = get_launchd_plist_path()
        try:
            # Restart is the one path where the job is almost always still
            # registered (we just drained it), so a plain bootstrap would hit
            # EIO on the common case. Boot the stale label out first — cheaper
            # and clearer here than routing through _launchctl_bootstrap's
            # bootstrap-first/retry-on-EIO flow. See #23387, #42914.
            subprocess.run(
                ["launchctl", "bootout", target],
                check=False,
                timeout=90,
            )
            subprocess.run(
                ["launchctl", "bootstrap", _launchd_domain(), str(plist_path)],
                check=True,
                timeout=30,
            )
            subprocess.run(["launchctl", "kickstart", target], check=True, timeout=30)
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e2:
            if not _launchctl_domain_unsupported(e2.returncode):
                raise
            _launchd_fallback_to_detached(f"launchctl exit {e2.returncode}")
            return
        print("✓ Service restarted")
        _clear_launchd_unsupported_marker()


def launchd_status(deep: bool = False):
    plist_path = get_launchd_plist_path()
    label = get_launchd_label()
    try:
        result = subprocess.run(
            ["launchctl", "list", label],
            capture_output=True,
            text=True, encoding='utf-8', errors='replace',
            timeout=10,
        )
        service_listed = result.returncode == 0
        list_output = result.stdout
    except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
        service_listed = False
        list_output = ""

    # Determine whether launchd is actively supervising a process.
    # ``launchctl list`` returns exit 0 whenever the service definition is
    # registered — even when ``state = not running`` (macOS 26+ with an
    # unmanageable domain).  A PID in the output confirms a live process.
    launchd_pid = _parse_launchd_pid_from_list_output(list_output) if service_listed else None

    # Hermes PID tracking — may be a detached fallback process spawned when
    # launchd cannot manage the domain on this host.
    from gateway.status import get_running_pid
    fallback_pid = get_running_pid(cleanup_stale=False)

    # Avoid double-counting: when launchd IS supervising, fallback_pid and
    # launchd_pid point at the same process (the gateway writes both the
    # launchd PID and the Hermes PID file).
    if launchd_pid is not None and fallback_pid == launchd_pid:
        fallback_pid = None

    # Persistent marker written when launchd bootstrap/kickstart fails with
    # exit 5/125 on this host.  Lets us explain *why* launchd can't supervise
    # even when no fallback process is currently running.
    launchd_unsupported = _launchd_unsupported_marker_exists()

    # ── Report ──
    print(f"Launchd plist: {plist_path}")
    if launchd_plist_is_current():
        print("✓ Service definition matches the current Hermes install")
    else:
        print("⚠ Service definition is stale relative to the current Hermes install")
        print("  Run: hermes gateway start")

    if service_listed:
        if launchd_pid is not None:
            print(f"✓ Gateway is supervised by launchd (PID {launchd_pid})")
            print("  Auto-start at login and auto-restart on crash are available.")
            if launchd_unsupported:
                print("  (launchd domain was previously unavailable but is now working)")
        elif launchd_unsupported:
            print("⚠ Gateway service is registered but launchd is not supervising it")
            print("  launchd cannot manage the gateway on this macOS version.")
            if fallback_pid:
                print(f"✓ Detached fallback process is running (PID {fallback_pid})")
                print("  Cron jobs will fire. Stop with: hermes gateway stop")
            else:
                print("✗ No fallback process is running")
                print("  Run: hermes gateway start")
            print("  ⚠ Auto-start at login and auto-restart on crash are NOT available.")
        else:
            print("✓ Gateway service is registered with launchd")
            print(list_output)
            if fallback_pid:
                print(f"  Detached gateway process is running (PID {fallback_pid})")
    else:
        print("✗ Gateway service is not loaded")
        print("  Service definition exists locally but launchd has not loaded it.")
        print("  Run: hermes gateway start")
        if fallback_pid:
            print(f"  Note: a detached gateway process is running (PID {fallback_pid})")

    if deep:
        log_file = get_hermes_home() / "logs" / "gateway.log"
        if log_file.exists():
            print()
            print("Recent logs:")
            subprocess.run(["tail", "-20", str(log_file)], timeout=10)


# =============================================================================
# Gateway Runner
# =============================================================================


def _truthy_env(value: str | None) -> bool:
    return str(value or "").strip().lower() in {"1", "true", "yes", "on"}


def _is_official_docker_checkout() -> bool:
    return (
        str(PROJECT_ROOT) == "/opt/hermes"
        and (PROJECT_ROOT / "docker" / "entrypoint.sh").is_file()
    )


def _running_under_gateway_supervisor() -> bool:
    """Return True when this process IS the gateway a service manager launched.

    The conflict guard below must never fire on the service's own startup, or
    it would wedge the unit into a respawn/refuse loop. Each supervisor exports
    a reliable marker into the child's environment:

      - systemd sets ``INVOCATION_ID`` for every unit it launches (the same
        marker ``gateway/run.py`` already uses to pick the restart path).
      - launchd sets ``XPC_SERVICE_NAME`` to the job label for jobs it spawns;
        interactive shells inherit the sentinel ``"0"`` instead.
      - the s6-overlay container longrun exports ``HERMES_S6_SUPERVISED_CHILD``.
      - wrapped services can opt in with ``--external-supervisor`` when their
        launcher strips the native systemd/launchd marker.
    """
    return is_gateway_supervisor_process()


def _guard_named_profile_under_multiplexer(force: bool = False) -> None:
    """Refuse a named-profile gateway when a multiplexer is already serving it.

    When the default profile's gateway runs with gateway.multiplex_profiles=on,
    it is the sole inbound process for EVERY profile on the host. Starting a
    separate gateway for a named profile would double-bind that profile's
    platforms (two pollers on one bot token, port fights). In that mode a
    named-profile ``hermes gateway run`` is always a misconfiguration, so we
    hard-error with a pointer to the multiplexer. ``--force`` overrides.

    Inert unless ALL of: (a) this invocation is a named profile, (b) a default-
    profile gateway is running, (c) that gateway's config has multiplexing on.
    """
    if force:
        return
    # (a) Are we a named profile? Default/custom-hash homes return "".
    try:
        suffix = _profile_suffix()
    except Exception:
        return
    if not suffix:
        return  # default profile (or unrecognized) — this guard doesn't apply

    try:
        from hermes_constants import get_default_hermes_root
        default_root = get_default_hermes_root()
        # (b) Is the default-profile gateway running?
        from gateway.status import get_running_pid as _default_running_pid  # noqa
    except Exception:
        return

    try:
        import yaml as _yaml
        from gateway.status import _read_pid_record  # type: ignore

        # (b) default gateway PID file present + alive
        default_pid_path = default_root / "gateway.pid"
        rec = _read_pid_record(default_pid_path)
        if not rec:
            return
        from gateway.status import _pid_exists, _pid_from_record
        pid = _pid_from_record(rec)
        if not pid or not _pid_exists(pid):
            return

        # (c) multiplexing is on for the default gateway. Precedence mirrors
        # gateway.config: the GATEWAY_MULTIPLEX_PROFILES env override wins over
        # config.yaml when set to a recognized value, so a hosted gateway that
        # forces multiplex on via env (with no multiplex_profiles in config.yaml)
        # still trips this guard. A blank/unrecognized env value falls through
        # to config.yaml.
        from gateway.config import _env_multiplex_profiles_override

        env_multiplex = _env_multiplex_profiles_override()
        if env_multiplex is False:
            return  # explicitly forced OFF by the operator env override
        if env_multiplex is True:
            multiplex = True
        else:
            cfg_path = default_root / "config.yaml"
            if not cfg_path.exists():
                return
            # Raw read of the DEFAULT root's config (not the active profile
            # home, so load_config() is the wrong owner here); whole probe is
            # fail-open via the enclosing except.
            from hermes_cli.config import read_user_config_raw
            cfg = read_user_config_raw(cfg_path)
            multiplex = bool(
                cfg.get("multiplex_profiles")
                or (cfg.get("gateway", {}) or {}).get("multiplex_profiles")
            )
        if not multiplex:
            return
    except Exception:
        logger.debug("Multiplexer-conflict probe failed", exc_info=True)
        return

    print_error(
        f"The default gateway is running as a profile multiplexer and already "
        f"serves profile '{suffix}'."
    )
    print(
        "  When gateway.multiplex_profiles is on, the default gateway is the\n"
        "  single inbound process for every profile. Starting a separate\n"
        "  gateway for this profile would double-bind its platforms (two\n"
        "  pollers on one bot token, port conflicts).\n"
    )
    print("  Manage the multiplexer instead (from the default profile):")
    print()
    print("    hermes gateway restart")
    print()
    print("  Pass --force to start a separate profile gateway anyway (not")
    print("  recommended while the multiplexer is running).")
    sys.exit(1)


def _guard_supervised_gateway_conflict(force: bool = False) -> None:
    """Refuse a foreground gateway when a service manager already supervises one.

    Running ``hermes gateway run [--replace]`` (or the manual-restart fallback)
    from a shell on a systemd/launchd host spawns a second, long-lived
    dispatcher that escapes the service cgroup, survives
    ``systemctl restart``, and becomes a silent concurrent writer on the shared
    kanban DB — the documented root cause of multi-writer SQLite WAL corruption
    (issue #35240). Pass ``--force`` to start anyway.
    """
    if force or _running_under_gateway_supervisor():
        return
    try:
        snapshot = get_gateway_runtime_snapshot()
    except Exception:
        # Best-effort guard: a probe failure must never block a real startup.
        logger.debug("Supervised-gateway conflict probe failed", exc_info=True)
        return
    if not (snapshot.service_installed and snapshot.service_running):
        return

    print_error(
        f"A gateway is already running under {snapshot.manager} for this profile."
    )
    print(
        "  Starting another one from a shell leaves an orphan dispatcher that\n"
        "  escapes the service, survives restarts, and writes to the same kanban\n"
        "  DB concurrently — which can corrupt it. Restart the supervised gateway\n"
        "  instead:"
    )
    print()
    print("    hermes gateway restart")
    print()
    print(
        "  Pass --force to start a foreground gateway anyway (not recommended\n"
        "  while the service is running)."
    )
    sys.exit(1)


def _guard_existing_gateway_process_conflict(replace: bool = False) -> None:
    """Refuse duplicate foreground startup before importing gateway.run.

    ``gateway.run`` performs the authoritative PID/lock check, but importing it
    is expensive: it pulls in model_tools/plugin discovery first. On small
    instances, a supervisor or dashboard loop repeatedly running bare
    ``hermes gateway run`` can burn memory/CPU just to fail with "already
    running" after plugin discovery. This cheap PID-file preflight preserves the
    same user-facing contract while avoiding that startup work without scanning
    unrelated gateway processes from other HERMES_HOME roots.
    """
    if replace or _running_under_gateway_supervisor():
        return
    try:
        from gateway.status import get_running_pid

        pid = get_running_pid()
    except Exception:
        logger.debug("Existing-gateway process probe failed", exc_info=True)
        return
    if pid is None:
        return

    print_error(
        f"Another gateway instance is already running (PID {pid})."
    )
    print("  Use 'hermes gateway restart' to replace it,")
    print("  or 'hermes gateway stop' first.")
    print("  Or use 'hermes gateway run --replace' to auto-replace.")
    sys.exit(1)


def _guard_official_docker_root_gateway() -> None:
    """Refuse gateway startup when the official Docker privilege drop was bypassed."""
    if not hasattr(os, "geteuid") or os.geteuid() != 0:
        return
    if _truthy_env(os.getenv("HERMES_ALLOW_ROOT_GATEWAY")):
        return
    if not _is_official_docker_checkout():
        return

    print_error(
        "Refusing to run the Hermes gateway as root inside the official Docker image."
    )
    print(
        "  The image entrypoint normally drops privileges to the 'hermes' user. "
        "If you override entrypoint in Docker Compose, include "
        "/opt/hermes/docker/entrypoint.sh before the Hermes command."
    )
    print(
        "  Running the gateway as root can leave root-owned files in "
        "$HERMES_HOME and break later non-root dashboard/gateway runs."
    )
    print(
        "  Set HERMES_ALLOW_ROOT_GATEWAY=1 only if you intentionally accept this risk."
    )
    sys.exit(1)


def run_gateway(verbose: int = 0, quiet: bool = False, replace: bool = False, force: bool = False):
    """Run the gateway in foreground.

    Args:
        verbose: Stderr log verbosity count added on top of default WARNING (0=WARNING, 1=INFO, 2+=DEBUG).
        quiet: Suppress all stderr log output.
        replace: If True, kill any existing gateway instance before starting.
                 This prevents systemd restart loops when the old process
                 hasn't fully exited yet.
        force: Skip the supervised-gateway conflict guard and start even when a
               systemd/launchd service is already supervising this profile.
    """
    _guard_official_docker_root_gateway()
    _guard_named_profile_under_multiplexer(force=force)
    _guard_supervised_gateway_conflict(force=force)
    _guard_existing_gateway_process_conflict(replace=replace)
    sys.path.insert(0, str(PROJECT_ROOT))

    # Detached Windows gateway runs must ignore console-control broadcasts
    # from sibling CLI processes, but foreground `hermes gateway run` still
    # needs to obey the banner's "Press Ctrl+C to stop" contract.
    # Service-style launchers set HERMES_GATEWAY_DETACHED=1; older wrappers
    # without the marker are handled by the non-TTY fallback.
    try:
        _stdin_is_tty = bool(sys.stdin and sys.stdin.isatty())
    except (ValueError, OSError):
        _stdin_is_tty = False
    _absorb_windows_console_controls = _windows_gateway_should_absorb_console_controls()
    if _absorb_windows_console_controls:
        try:
            signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, signal.SIG_IGN)
            if hasattr(signal, "SIGBREAK"):
                signal.signal(signal.SIGBREAK, signal.SIG_IGN)
        except (OSError, ValueError):
            # SetConsoleCtrlHandler not available (rare on Windows) —
            # best-effort, proceed either way.
            pass
        # Python's signal module only hooks SIGINT/SIGBREAK. To also
        # absorb CTRL_CLOSE_EVENT / CTRL_LOGOFF_EVENT and any other
        # console control signals Windows may broadcast to the console
        # process group, call the native SetConsoleCtrlHandler(NULL, TRUE)
        # — this tells the kernel to IGNORE all console control events
        # for this process entirely, which is what background services
        # are supposed to do. Belt-and-braces over the Python-level
        # handlers above.
        try:
            import ctypes

            kernel32 = ctypes.windll.kernel32  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
            # BOOL SetConsoleCtrlHandler(NULL, Add)  —  Add=TRUE means
            # "install the NULL handler", which has the documented
            # effect of ignoring Ctrl+C. Called twice for defense in
            # depth: once before any Python import could have flipped
            # our disposition, once as our last word.
            kernel32.SetConsoleCtrlHandler(None, 1)
        except (OSError, AttributeError):
            pass

    # Refresh the systemd unit definition on every boot so that restart
    # settings (RestartSec, StartLimitIntervalSec, etc.) stay current even
    # when the process was respawned via exit-code-75 (stale-code or
    # /restart) rather than through `hermes gateway restart` which already
    # calls refresh_systemd_unit_if_needed().  Without this, a code update
    # that ships new unit settings won't take effect until the next manual
    # `hermes gateway start/restart` — leaving the gateway vulnerable to
    # the exact failure mode the new settings were meant to prevent.
    if supports_systemd_services():
        try:
            refresh_systemd_unit_if_needed(system=False)
        except Exception:
            pass  # best-effort; don't block gateway startup

    from gateway.run import start_gateway

    print("┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐")
    print("│           ⚕ Hermes Gateway Starting...                 │")
    print("├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤")
    print("│  Messaging platforms + cron scheduler                    │")
    print("│  Press Ctrl+C to stop                                   │")
    print("└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘")
    print()

    # Exit with code 1 if gateway fails to connect any platform,
    # so systemd Restart=always will retry on transient errors
    verbosity = None if quiet else verbose

    # ── Exit-path diagnostics ────────────────────────────────────────────
    # When the gateway dies silently on Windows (no shutdown log, no
    # traceback in gateway.log / errors.log), we're usually blind to the
    # cause. The code below captures *every* way the asyncio.run() call
    # below can return, with full context dumped to a dedicated log so
    # the next silent death yields evidence instead of a mystery. This
    # is diagnostic scaffolding; cheap to keep on, costs nothing during
    # normal operation, and the emitted lines are opt-in via the
    # HERMES_GATEWAY_EXIT_DIAG env var (default: on while we're still
    # chasing the Windows lifecycle bug).
    import atexit as _atexit
    import traceback as _traceback
    from datetime import datetime as _dt, timezone as _tz

    def _exit_diag(tag: str, **extra: object) -> None:
        if os.environ.get("HERMES_GATEWAY_EXIT_DIAG", "1") != "1":
            return
        try:
            from hermes_constants import get_hermes_home as _ghh

            log_dir = _ghh() / "logs"
            log_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
            ts = _dt.now(_tz.utc).isoformat()
            line = {
                "ts": ts,
                "tag": tag,
                "pid": os.getpid(),
                "python": sys.version.split()[0],
                "platform": sys.platform,
                **extra,
            }
            import json as _json

            with open(log_dir / "gateway-exit-diag.log", "a", encoding="utf-8") as f:
                f.write(_json.dumps(line, default=str) + "\n")
        except Exception:
            pass  # never let the diagnostic itself crash the gateway

    _exit_diag(
        "gateway.start",
        replace=replace,
        argv=sys.argv,
        stdin_is_tty=_stdin_is_tty,
        absorb_windows_console_controls=_absorb_windows_console_controls,
    )

    def _atexit_hook() -> None:
        _exit_diag("atexit.hook", sys_exc=repr(sys.exc_info()))

    _atexit.register(_atexit_hook)

    # Portable, app-level respawn-storm circuit breaker. launchd/systemd have
    # their own throttles, but this backstop works on every platform (and covers
    # supervisors that lack a respawn floor). Configured via
    # ``gateway.respawn_storm`` in config.yaml (``max_starts`` / ``window_seconds``);
    # the env vars ``HERMES_GATEWAY_MAX_STARTS`` /
    # ``HERMES_GATEWAY_START_WINDOW_S`` override for escape-hatch use.
    # Set max_starts <= 0 to disable. Best-effort: a bookkeeping failure must
    # never block startup.
    try:
        import time as _time

        from gateway.status import record_start_and_check_storm

        # Defaults mirror config.yaml DEFAULT_CONFIG ``gateway.respawn_storm``.
        _max_starts = 5
        _win = 120.0
        try:
            from hermes_cli.config import load_config

            _cfg = load_config()
            _gw = _cfg.get("gateway") if isinstance(_cfg, dict) else None
            _rs = _gw.get("respawn_storm") if isinstance(_gw, dict) else None
            if isinstance(_rs, dict):
                if isinstance(_rs.get("max_starts"), int):
                    _max_starts = _rs["max_starts"]
                if isinstance(_rs.get("window_seconds"), (int, float)):
                    _win = float(_rs["window_seconds"])
        except Exception:
            pass
        # Env vars override config for escape-hatch use.
        try:
            _env_starts = os.getenv("HERMES_GATEWAY_MAX_STARTS")
            if _env_starts is not None:
                _max_starts = int(_env_starts)
        except ValueError:
            pass
        try:
            _env_win = os.getenv("HERMES_GATEWAY_START_WINDOW_S")
            if _env_win is not None:
                _win = float(_env_win)
        except ValueError:
            pass
        _storm = (
            record_start_and_check_storm(max_starts=_max_starts, window_s=_win)
            if _max_starts > 0
            else None
        )
        if _storm is not None:
            logger.warning(
                "Gateway (re)started %d times in %.0fs — backing off %.0fs to break a respawn storm.",
                _storm.count,
                _storm.window_s,
                _storm.backoff_s,
            )
            _time.sleep(_storm.backoff_s)
    except Exception as _be:
        logger.debug("respawn-storm breaker check failed (non-fatal): %s", _be)

    def _hard_exit_after_gateway_teardown(code: int) -> None:
        # ``hermes gateway run`` enters through this CLI wrapper, not through
        # ``gateway.run.main()``.  Mirror that module's wedge-proof exit path:
        # once start_gateway() has completed graceful teardown, bypass Python
        # finalization so non-daemon worker threads (notably in-flight cron
        # ThreadPoolExecutor jobs) cannot keep the old gateway alive and delay a
        # service-managed /restart by minutes.
        from gateway.run import _exit_after_graceful_shutdown

        _exit_after_graceful_shutdown(code)

    success = False
    try:
        success = asyncio.run(start_gateway(replace=replace, verbosity=verbosity))
        _exit_diag("asyncio.run.returned", success=success)
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        # On Windows-detached runs this shouldn't fire (we absorb SIGINT above),
        # but keep the handler for console runs.
        _exit_diag(
            "asyncio.run.KeyboardInterrupt",
            traceback=_traceback.format_exc(),
        )
        print("\nGateway stopped.")
        _hard_exit_after_gateway_teardown(0)
        return  # unreachable in production (os._exit); guard for test stubs
    except SystemExit as e:
        _exit_diag(
            "asyncio.run.SystemExit",
            code=getattr(e, "code", None),
            traceback=_traceback.format_exc(),
        )
        if e.code is None:
            _code = 0
        elif isinstance(e.code, int):
            _code = e.code
        else:
            _code = 1
        _hard_exit_after_gateway_teardown(_code)
    except BaseException as e:
        # Absolutely everything else: Exception, asyncio.CancelledError,
        # even exotic BaseException subclasses. We want the cause logged.
        _exit_diag(
            "asyncio.run.exception",
            exc_type=type(e).__name__,
            exc_repr=repr(e),
            traceback=_traceback.format_exc(),
        )
        raise
    if not success:
        _exit_diag("gateway.exit_nonzero")
        _hard_exit_after_gateway_teardown(1)
    _exit_diag("gateway.exit_clean")
    _hard_exit_after_gateway_teardown(0)


# =============================================================================
# Gateway Setup (Interactive Messaging Platform Configuration)
# =============================================================================

# Per-platform config: each entry defines the env vars, setup instructions,
# and prompts needed to configure a messaging platform.
_PLATFORMS = [
    # Telegram moved to plugins/platforms/telegram/ — setup metadata discovered
    # dynamically via the platform registry entry registered by
    # plugins/platforms/telegram/adapter.py::register(). #41112.
    # Discord moved to plugins/platforms/discord/ — its setup metadata is
    # discovered dynamically via _all_platforms() from the platform registry
    # entry registered by plugins/platforms/discord/adapter.py::register().
    # Slack moved to plugins/platforms/slack/ for the same reason — its setup
    # metadata is discovered dynamically via the platform registry entry
    # registered by plugins/platforms/slack/adapter.py::register(). #41112.
    # Matrix moved to plugins/platforms/matrix/ — setup metadata discovered
    # dynamically via the platform registry entry registered by
    # plugins/platforms/matrix/adapter.py::register(). #41112.
    {
        "key": "mattermost",
        "label": "Mattermost",
        "emoji": "💬",
        "token_var": "MATTERMOST_TOKEN",
        "setup_instructions": [
            "1. In Mattermost: Integrations → Bot Accounts → Add Bot Account",
            "   (System Console → Integrations → Bot Accounts must be enabled)",
            "2. Give it a username (e.g. hermes) and copy the bot token",
            "3. Works with any self-hosted Mattermost instance — enter your server URL",
            "4. To find your user ID: click your avatar (top-left) → Profile",
            "   Your user ID is displayed there — click it to copy.",
            "   ⚠ This is NOT your username — it's a 26-character alphanumeric ID.",
            "5. To get a channel ID: click the channel name → View Info → copy the ID",
        ],
        "vars": [
            {
                "name": "MATTERMOST_URL",
                "prompt": "Server URL (e.g. https://mm.example.com)",
                "password": False,
                "help": "Your Mattermost server URL. Works with any self-hosted instance.",
            },
            {
                "name": "MATTERMOST_TOKEN",
                "prompt": "Bot token",
                "password": True,
                "help": "Paste the bot token from step 2 above.",
            },
            {
                "name": "MATTERMOST_ALLOWED_USERS",
                "prompt": "Allowed user IDs (comma-separated)",
                "password": False,
                "is_allowlist": True,
                "help": "Your Mattermost user ID from step 4 above.",
            },
            {
                "name": "MATTERMOST_HOME_CHANNEL",
                "prompt": "Home channel ID (for cron/notification delivery, or empty to set later with /set-home)",
                "password": False,
                "help": "Channel ID where Hermes delivers cron results and notifications.",
            },
            {
                "name": "MATTERMOST_REPLY_MODE",
                "prompt": "Reply mode — 'off' for flat messages, 'thread' for threaded replies (default: off)",
                "password": False,
                "help": "off = flat channel messages, thread = replies nest under your message.",
            },
        ],
    },
    # WhatsApp moved to plugins/platforms/whatsapp/ — setup metadata discovered
    # dynamically via the platform registry entry registered by
    # plugins/platforms/whatsapp/adapter.py::register(). #41112.
    {
        "key": "signal",
        "label": "Signal",
        "emoji": "📡",
        "token_var": "SIGNAL_HTTP_URL",
    },
    # Email and SMS moved to plugins/platforms/{email,sms}/ — setup metadata
    # discovered dynamically via the platform registry entries registered by
    # plugins/platforms/{email,sms}/adapter.py::register(). #41112.
    {
        "key": "weixin",
        "label": "Weixin / WeChat",
        "emoji": "💬",
        "token_var": "WEIXIN_ACCOUNT_ID",
    },
    {
        "key": "bluebubbles",
        "label": "BlueBubbles (iMessage)",
        "emoji": "💬",
        "token_var": "BLUEBUBBLES_SERVER_URL",
        "setup_instructions": [
            "1. Install BlueBubbles on a Mac that will act as your iMessage server:",
            "   https://bluebubbles.app/",
            "2. Complete the BlueBubbles setup wizard — sign in with your Apple ID",
            "3. In BlueBubbles Settings → API, note the Server URL and password",
            "4. The server URL is typically http://<your-mac-ip>:1234",
            "5. Hermes connects via the BlueBubbles REST API and receives",
            "   incoming messages via a local webhook",
            "6. To authorize users, use DM pairing: hermes pairing generate bluebubbles",
            "   Share the code — the user sends it via iMessage to get approved",
        ],
        "vars": [
            {
                "name": "BLUEBUBBLES_SERVER_URL",
                "prompt": "BlueBubbles server URL (e.g. http://192.168.1.10:1234)",
                "password": False,
                "help": "The URL shown in BlueBubbles Settings → API.",
            },
            {
                "name": "BLUEBUBBLES_PASSWORD",
                "prompt": "BlueBubbles server password",
                "password": True,
                "help": "The password shown in BlueBubbles Settings → API.",
            },
            {
                "name": "BLUEBUBBLES_ALLOWED_USERS",
                "prompt": "Pre-authorized phone numbers or iMessage IDs (comma-separated, or leave empty for DM pairing)",
                "password": False,
                "is_allowlist": True,
                "help": "Optional — pre-authorize specific users. Leave empty to use DM pairing instead (recommended).",
            },
            {
                "name": "BLUEBUBBLES_HOME_CHANNEL",
                "prompt": "Home channel (phone number or iMessage ID for cron/notifications, or empty)",
                "password": False,
                "help": "Phone number or Apple ID to deliver cron results and notifications to.",
            },
        ],
    },
    {
        "key": "qqbot",
        "label": "QQ Bot",
        "emoji": "🐧",
        "token_var": "QQ_APP_ID",
        "setup_instructions": [
            "1. Register a QQ Bot application at q.qq.com",
            "2. Note your App ID and App Secret from the application page",
            "3. Enable the required intents (C2C, Group, Guild messages)",
            "4. Configure sandbox or publish the bot",
        ],
        "vars": [
            {
                "name": "QQ_APP_ID",
                "prompt": "QQ Bot App ID",
                "password": False,
                "help": "Your QQ Bot App ID from q.qq.com.",
            },
            {
                "name": "QQ_CLIENT_SECRET",
                "prompt": "QQ Bot App Secret",
                "password": True,
                "help": "Your QQ Bot App Secret from q.qq.com.",
            },
            {
                "name": "QQ_ALLOWED_USERS",
                "prompt": "Allowed user OpenIDs (comma-separated, leave empty for open access)",
                "password": False,
                "is_allowlist": True,
                "help": "Optional — restrict DM access to specific user OpenIDs.",
            },
            {
                "name": "QQBOT_HOME_CHANNEL",
                "prompt": "Home channel (user/group OpenID for cron delivery, or empty)",
                "password": False,
                "help": "OpenID to deliver cron results and notifications to.",
            },
        ],
    },
    {
        "key": "yuanbao",
        "label": "Yuanbao",
        "emoji": "💎",
        "token_var": "YUANBAO_APP_ID",
        "setup_instructions": [
            "1. Download the Yuanbao app from https://yuanbao.tencent.com/",
            "2. In the app, go to PAI → My Bot and create a new bot",
            "3. After the bot is created, copy the App ID and App Secret",
            "4. Enter them below and Hermes will connect automatically over WebSocket",
        ],
        "vars": [
            {
                "name": "YUANBAO_APP_ID",
                "prompt": "App ID",
                "password": False,
                "help": "The App ID from your Yuanbao IM Bot credentials.",
            },
            {
                "name": "YUANBAO_APP_SECRET",
                "prompt": "App Secret",
                "password": True,
                "help": "The App Secret (used for HMAC signing) from your Yuanbao IM Bot.",
            },
        ],
    },
]


def _all_platforms() -> list[dict]:
    """Return the full list of platforms for setup menus.

    Combines the built-in ``_PLATFORMS`` with plugin platforms registered via
    ``platform_registry``. Plugins are discovered on first call so bundled
    platforms (like IRC, which auto-load via ``kind: platform``) appear in
    ``hermes setup gateway`` without needing the gateway to be running.
    Built-ins keep their dict shape; plugin entries are adapted to the same
    shape with ``_registry_entry`` holding the source.

    Platform-specific gating: some platforms can't be configured on
    every host. Currently:
      - Matrix is hidden on Windows. The [matrix] extra pulls
        ``mautrix[encryption]`` -> ``python-olm``, which has no Windows
        wheel and needs ``make`` + libolm to build from sdist. There's
        no native Windows path that works, so we don't offer it in the
        picker. Users who want Matrix on Windows can run hermes under
        WSL.
    """
    # Populate the registry so plugin platforms are visible. Idempotent.
    # Bundled platform plugins (``kind: platform``) auto-load unconditionally,
    # so every shipped messaging channel appears in the setup menu by default.
    # User-installed platform plugins under ~/.hermes/plugins/ still require
    # opt-in via ``plugins.enabled`` (untrusted code).
    try:
        from hermes_cli.plugins import discover_plugins

        discover_plugins()
    except Exception as e:
        logger.debug("plugin discovery failed during platform enumeration: %s", e)

    platforms = [dict(p) for p in _PLATFORMS]

    # Drop platforms that can't function on this host. See docstring.
    if sys.platform == "win32":
        platforms = [p for p in platforms if p.get("key") != "matrix"]

    by_key = {p["key"]: p for p in platforms}

    try:
        from gateway.platform_registry import platform_registry
    except Exception:
        return platforms

    for entry in platform_registry.all_entries():
        if entry.name in by_key:
            continue  # built-in already covers it
        # Drop platforms that can't function on this host. Matrix is hidden on
        # Windows (python-olm has no Windows wheel) — applies whether matrix is
        # a built-in or, post-#41112, a registry-discovered plugin.
        if sys.platform == "win32" and entry.name == "matrix":
            continue
        platforms.append(
            {
                "key": entry.name,
                "label": entry.label,
                "emoji": entry.emoji,
                "token_var": entry.required_env[0] if entry.required_env else "",
                "install_hint": entry.install_hint,
                "_registry_entry": entry,
            }
        )
    return platforms


def _platform_status(platform: dict) -> str:
    """Return a plain-text status string for a platform.

    Returns uncolored text so it can safely be embedded in
    curses menu items (ANSI codes break width calculation).
    """
    entry = platform.get("_registry_entry")
    if entry is not None:
        configured = False
        # Prefer is_connected (checks both env and config.yaml) over
        # check_fn (typically just dependency / env presence).
        if entry.is_connected is not None:
            try:
                from gateway.config import PlatformConfig

                synthetic = PlatformConfig(enabled=True)
                configured = bool(entry.is_connected(synthetic))
            except Exception:
                configured = False
        else:
            # No is_connected hook — fall back to check_fn as a coarse
            # "are deps present" gate. Don't fall back when is_connected
            # is defined and returned False; that would let "SDK is
            # installed" override "no token configured" and incorrectly
            # report the platform as ready.
            try:
                configured = bool(entry.check_fn())
            except Exception:
                configured = False
        return "configured" if configured else "not configured"

    token_var = platform.get("token_var", "")
    if not token_var:
        return "not configured"
    val = get_env_value(token_var)
    if token_var == "WHATSAPP_ENABLED":
        if val and val.lower() == "true":
            session_file = get_hermes_home() / "whatsapp" / "session" / "creds.json"
            if session_file.exists():
                return "configured + paired"
            return "enabled, not paired"
        return "not configured"
    if platform.get("key") == "signal":
        account = get_env_value("SIGNAL_ACCOUNT")
        if val and account:
            return "configured"
        if val or account:
            return "partially configured"
        return "not configured"
    if platform.get("key") == "email":
        pwd = get_env_value("EMAIL_PASSWORD")
        imap = get_env_value("EMAIL_IMAP_HOST")
        smtp = get_env_value("EMAIL_SMTP_HOST")
        if all([val, pwd, imap, smtp]):
            return "configured"
        if any([val, pwd, imap, smtp]):
            return "partially configured"
        return "not configured"
    if platform.get("key") == "matrix":
        homeserver = get_env_value("MATRIX_HOMESERVER")
        password = get_env_value("MATRIX_PASSWORD")
        if (val or password) and homeserver:
            e2ee = get_env_value("MATRIX_ENCRYPTION")
            suffix = " + E2EE" if e2ee and e2ee.lower() in {"true", "1", "yes"} else ""
            return f"configured{suffix}"
        if val or password or homeserver:
            return "partially configured"
        return "not configured"
    if platform.get("key") == "weixin":
        token = get_env_value("WEIXIN_TOKEN")
        if val and token:
            return "configured"
        if val or token:
            return "partially configured"
        return "not configured"
    if val:
        return "configured"
    return "not configured"


def _runtime_health_lines() -> list[str]:
    """Summarize the latest persisted gateway runtime health state."""
    try:
        from gateway.status import (
            read_runtime_status,
            runtime_status_is_stale,
            runtime_status_pid_is_live,
        )
    except Exception:
        return []

    state = read_runtime_status()
    if not state:
        return []

    lines: list[str] = []
    gateway_state = state.get("gateway_state")
    exit_reason = state.get("exit_reason")
    active_agents = state.get("active_agents")
    restart_requested = state.get("restart_requested")
    platforms = state.get("platforms", {}) or {}

    for platform, pdata in platforms.items():
        if pdata.get("state") == "fatal":
            message = pdata.get("error_message") or "unknown error"
            lines.append(f"⚠ {platform}: {message}")

    # A persisted snapshot that still claims liveness can outlive an
    # ungracefully-killed gateway (taskkill /F, OOM, power loss) whose shutdown
    # handler never ran.  When the record is past its freshness TTL AND the
    # recorded PID is gone, the file is contradicting reality — surface that
    # explicitly instead of rendering the misleading live-state summary.
    if (
        gateway_state in ("running", "starting", "draining")
        and runtime_status_is_stale(state)
        and not runtime_status_pid_is_live(state)
    ):
        lines.append(
            f"⚠ Stale gateway_state.json: recorded state '{gateway_state}' but the "
            "recorded process is gone (likely an ungraceful shutdown)"
        )
        return lines

    if gateway_state == "startup_failed" and exit_reason:
        lines.append(f"⚠ Last startup issue: {exit_reason}")
    elif gateway_state == "draining":
        action = "restart" if restart_requested else "shutdown"
        from gateway.status import parse_active_agents

        count = parse_active_agents(active_agents)
        lines.append(f"⏳ Gateway draining for {action} ({count} active agent(s))")
    elif gateway_state == "stopped" and exit_reason:
        lines.append(f"⚠ Last shutdown reason: {exit_reason}")

    return lines


def _set_platform_unauthorized_dm_behavior(platform_key: str, behavior: str) -> None:
    """Persist a platform-specific unauthorized-DM policy in config.yaml."""
    write_platform_config_field(platform_key, "unauthorized_dm_behavior", behavior, raw=True)


def _setup_standard_platform(platform: dict):
    """Interactive setup for Telegram, Discord, or Slack."""
    # Same hidden-knob list the dashboard/Desktop channel cards use.
    from hermes_cli.setup_hidden_env import is_setup_hidden_env as _is_setup_hidden_env

    emoji = platform["emoji"]
    label = platform["label"]
    token_var = platform["token_var"]

    print()
    print(color(f"  ─── {emoji} {label} Setup ───", Colors.CYAN))

    # Show step-by-step setup instructions if this platform has them
    instructions = platform.get("setup_instructions")
    if instructions:
        print()
        for line in instructions:
            print_info(f"  {line}")

    existing_token = get_env_value(token_var)
    if existing_token:
        print()
        print_success(f"{label} is already configured.")
        if not prompt_yes_no(f"  Reconfigure {label}?", False):
            return

    auto_token_saved = False
    auto_owner_user_id = None
    if platform.get("key") == "telegram":
        print()
        print_info("  Telegram can be configured automatically with a managed bot:")
        print_info("  [1] Automatic (scan QR → confirm in Telegram → done)")
        print_info("  [2] Manual BotFather token")
        choice = prompt("  Choice [1/2]", default="1")
        if choice.strip() == "1":
            try:
                from hermes_cli.telegram_managed_bot import (
                    auto_setup_telegram_bot_result,
                    is_valid_telegram_bot_token,
                )
            except ImportError:
                print_warning("  Automatic setup is unavailable in this install.")
            else:
                result = auto_setup_telegram_bot_result()
                if result and is_valid_telegram_bot_token(result.token):
                    save_env_value(token_var, result.token)
                    print_success("  Saved TELEGRAM_BOT_TOKEN")
                    auto_token_saved = True
                    auto_owner_user_id = result.owner_user_id
                else:
                    if result:
                        print_warning("  Automatic setup returned an invalid Telegram token.")
                    print()
                    print_info("  Falling back to manual setup...")

    allowed_val_set = None  # Track if user set an allowlist (for home channel offer)

    # Skip the knobs the setup forms hide (home channel, reply mode, proxy,
    # mention behavior). They're self-configuring or already correct by
    # default — /sethome sets the home channel on the first chat — so asking
    # about each one turned a 2-question setup into a 5-question one. Same
    # exclusion the dashboard/Desktop cards use, so the surfaces agree.
    # Required credentials are never skipped.
    required_names = {token_var}
    setup_vars = [
        v
        for v in platform["vars"]
        if v["name"] in required_names
        or v.get("is_allowlist")
        or not _is_setup_hidden_env(v["name"])
    ]

    for var in setup_vars:
        print()
        print_info(f"  {var['help']}")
        existing = get_env_value(var["name"])
        if existing and var["name"] != token_var:
            print_info(f"  Current: {existing}")

        if auto_token_saved and var["name"] == token_var:
            print_info("  Token saved by automatic setup.")
            continue

        # Allowlist fields get special handling for the deny-by-default security model
        if var.get("is_allowlist"):
            if "TELEGRAM" in var["name"] and auto_owner_user_id:
                detected_id = str(auto_owner_user_id)
                print_success(f"  Detected your Telegram user ID: {detected_id}")
                if prompt_yes_no("  Allow this Telegram account to use the bot?", True):
                    extra = prompt(
                        "  Additional allowed user IDs (comma-separated, optional)",
                        password=False,
                    )
                    ids = [detected_id]
                    for uid in extra.replace(" ", "").split(","):
                        if uid and uid not in ids:
                            ids.append(uid)
                    cleaned = ",".join(ids)
                    save_env_value(var["name"], cleaned)
                    print_success("  Saved — only these users can interact with the bot.")
                    allowed_val_set = cleaned
                    continue

            print_info("  The gateway DENIES all users by default for security.")
            print_info("  Enter user IDs to create an allowlist, or leave empty")
            print_info("  and you'll be asked about open access next.")
            value = prompt(f"  {var['prompt']}", password=False)
            if value:
                cleaned = value.replace(" ", "")
                # For Discord, strip common prefixes (user:123, <@123>, <@!123>)
                if "DISCORD" in var["name"]:
                    parts = []
                    for uid in cleaned.split(","):
                        uid = uid.strip()
                        if uid.startswith("<@") and uid.endswith(">"):
                            uid = uid.lstrip("<@!").rstrip(">")
                        if uid.lower().startswith("user:"):
                            uid = uid[5:]
                        if uid:
                            parts.append(uid)
                    cleaned = ",".join(parts)
                save_env_value(var["name"], cleaned)
                print_success("  Saved — only these users can interact with the bot.")
                allowed_val_set = cleaned
            else:
                # No allowlist — ask about open access vs DM pairing
                print()
                is_email = platform.get("key") == "email"
                if is_email:
                    access_choices = [
                        "Enable open access (any email sender can message the bot)",
                        "Use DM pairing (unknown email senders receive a pairing code)",
                        "Keep unknown senders silent",
                    ]
                    default_access_idx = 2
                else:
                    access_choices = [
                        "Enable open access (anyone can message the bot)",
                        "Use DM pairing (unknown users request access, you approve with 'hermes pairing approve')",
                        "Skip for now (bot will deny all users until configured)",
                    ]
                    default_access_idx = 1
                access_idx = prompt_choice(
                    "  How should unauthorized users be handled?",
                    access_choices,
                    default_access_idx,
                )
                if access_idx == 0:
                    if is_email:
                        save_env_value("EMAIL_ALLOW_ALL_USERS", "true")
                    else:
                        save_env_value("GATEWAY_ALLOW_ALL_USERS", "true")
                    print_warning("  Open access enabled — anyone can use your bot!")
                elif access_idx == 1:
                    if is_email:
                        _set_platform_unauthorized_dm_behavior("email", "pair")
                    print_success(
                        "  DM pairing mode — users will receive a code to request access."
                    )
                    print_info(
                        "  Approve with: hermes pairing approve <platform> <code>"
                    )
                elif is_email:
                    print_success("  Unknown email senders will be ignored.")
                else:
                    print_info(
                        "  Skipped — configure later with 'hermes gateway setup'"
                    )
            continue

        value = prompt(f"  {var['prompt']}", password=var.get("password", False))
        if value:
            save_env_value(var["name"], value)
            print_success(f"  Saved {var['name']}")
        elif var["name"] == token_var:
            print_warning(f"  Skipped — {label} won't work without this.")
            return
        else:
            print_info("  Skipped (can configure later)")

    # If an allowlist was set and home channel wasn't, offer to reuse
    # the first user ID (common for Telegram DMs).
    home_var = f"{label.upper()}_HOME_CHANNEL"
    home_val = get_env_value(home_var)
    if allowed_val_set and not home_val and label == "Telegram":
        first_id = allowed_val_set.split(",")[0].strip()
        if first_id and prompt_yes_no(
            f"  Use your user ID ({first_id}) as the home channel?", True
        ):
            save_env_value(home_var, first_id)
            print_success(f"  Home channel set to {first_id}")

    print()
    print_success(f"{emoji} {label} configured!")


# _setup_whatsapp and _setup_dingtalk moved into their plugins:
# plugins/platforms/{whatsapp,dingtalk}/adapter.py::interactive_setup
# (registered via setup_fn, dispatched through the plugin path). #41112.


# _setup_wecom moved to plugins/platforms/wecom/adapter.py::interactive_setup
# (registered via setup_fn, dispatched through the plugin path). #41112.


def _is_service_installed() -> bool:
    """Check if the gateway is installed as a system service."""
    if supports_systemd_services():
        return (
            get_systemd_unit_path(system=False).exists()
            or get_systemd_unit_path(system=True).exists()
        )
    elif is_macos():
        return get_launchd_plist_path().exists()
    elif is_windows():
        from hermes_cli import gateway_windows

        return gateway_windows.is_installed()
    return False


def _is_service_running() -> bool:
    """Check if the gateway service is currently running."""
    if supports_systemd_services():
        user_unit_exists = get_systemd_unit_path(system=False).exists()
        system_unit_exists = get_systemd_unit_path(system=True).exists()

        if user_unit_exists:
            try:
                result = _run_systemctl(
                    ["is-active", get_service_name()],
                    system=False,
                    capture_output=True,
                    text=True, encoding='utf-8', errors='replace',
                    timeout=10,
                )
                if result.stdout.strip() == "active":
                    return True
            except (RuntimeError, subprocess.TimeoutExpired):
                pass

        if system_unit_exists:
            try:
                result = _run_systemctl(
                    ["is-active", get_service_name()],
                    system=True,
                    capture_output=True,
                    text=True, encoding='utf-8', errors='replace',
                    timeout=10,
                )
                if result.stdout.strip() == "active":
                    return True
            except (RuntimeError, subprocess.TimeoutExpired):
                pass

        return False
    elif is_macos() and get_launchd_plist_path().exists():
        try:
            result = subprocess.run(
                ["launchctl", "list", get_launchd_label()],
                capture_output=True,
                text=True, encoding='utf-8', errors='replace',
                timeout=10,
            )
            return result.returncode == 0
        except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
            return False
    elif is_windows():
        from hermes_cli import gateway_windows

        if gateway_windows.is_installed():
            # "installed" doesn't necessarily mean "running" on Windows. The
            # canonical check is whether a gateway process actually exists.
            return len(find_gateway_pids()) > 0
    # Check for manual processes
    return len(find_gateway_pids()) > 0


def _setup_weixin():
    """Interactive setup for Weixin / WeChat personal accounts."""
    print()
    print(color("  ─── 💬 Weixin / WeChat Setup ───", Colors.CYAN))
    print()
    print_info("  1. Hermes will open Tencent iLink QR login in this terminal.")
    print_info("  2. Use WeChat to scan and confirm the QR code.")
    print_info(
        "  3. Hermes will store the returned account_id/token in ~/.hermes/.env."
    )
    print_info(
        "  4. This adapter supports native text, image, video, and document delivery."
    )

    existing_account = get_env_value("WEIXIN_ACCOUNT_ID")
    existing_token = get_env_value("WEIXIN_TOKEN")
    if existing_account and existing_token:
        print()
        print_success("Weixin is already configured.")
        if not prompt_yes_no("  Reconfigure Weixin?", False):
            return

    try:
        from gateway.platforms.weixin import check_weixin_requirements, qr_login
    except Exception as exc:
        print_error(f"  Weixin adapter import failed: {exc}")
        print_info("  Install gateway dependencies first, then retry.")
        return

    if not check_weixin_requirements():
        print_error("  Missing dependencies: Weixin needs aiohttp and cryptography.")
        print_info("  Install them, then rerun `hermes gateway setup`.")
        return

    print()
    if not prompt_yes_no("  Start QR login now?", True):
        print_info("  Cancelled.")
        return

    import asyncio

    try:
        credentials = asyncio.run(qr_login(str(get_hermes_home())))
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        print()
        print_warning("  Weixin setup cancelled.")
        return
    except Exception as exc:
        print_error(f"  QR login failed: {exc}")
        return

    if not credentials:
        print_warning("  QR login did not complete.")
        return

    account_id = credentials.get("account_id", "")
    token = credentials.get("token", "")
    base_url = credentials.get("base_url", "")
    user_id = credentials.get("user_id", "")

    save_env_value("WEIXIN_ACCOUNT_ID", account_id)
    save_env_value("WEIXIN_TOKEN", token)
    if base_url:
        save_env_value("WEIXIN_BASE_URL", base_url)
    save_env_value(
        "WEIXIN_CDN_BASE_URL",
        get_env_value("WEIXIN_CDN_BASE_URL") or "https://novac2c.cdn.weixin.qq.com/c2c",
    )

    print()
    access_choices = [
        "Use DM pairing approval (recommended)",
        "Allow all direct messages",
        "Only allow listed user IDs",
        "Disable direct messages",
    ]
    access_idx = prompt_choice(
        "  How should direct messages be authorized?", access_choices, 0
    )
    if access_idx == 0:
        save_env_value("WEIXIN_DM_POLICY", "pairing")
        save_env_value("WEIXIN_ALLOW_ALL_USERS", "false")
        save_env_value("WEIXIN_ALLOWED_USERS", "")
        print_success("  DM pairing enabled.")
        print_info(
            "  Unknown DM users can request access and you approve them with `hermes pairing approve`."
        )
    elif access_idx == 1:
        save_env_value("WEIXIN_DM_POLICY", "open")
        save_env_value("WEIXIN_ALLOW_ALL_USERS", "true")
        save_env_value("WEIXIN_ALLOWED_USERS", "")
        print_warning("  Open DM access enabled for Weixin.")
    elif access_idx == 2:
        default_allow = user_id or ""
        allowlist = prompt(
            "  Allowed Weixin user IDs (comma-separated)", default_allow, password=False
        ).replace(" ", "")
        save_env_value("WEIXIN_DM_POLICY", "allowlist")
        save_env_value("WEIXIN_ALLOW_ALL_USERS", "false")
        save_env_value("WEIXIN_ALLOWED_USERS", allowlist)
        print_success("  Weixin allowlist saved.")
    else:
        save_env_value("WEIXIN_DM_POLICY", "disabled")
        save_env_value("WEIXIN_ALLOW_ALL_USERS", "false")
        save_env_value("WEIXIN_ALLOWED_USERS", "")
        print_warning("  Direct messages disabled.")

    print()
    print_info(
        "  Note: QR login connects an iLink bot identity (e.g. ...@im.bot), not a"
    )
    print_info(
        "  scriptable personal WeChat account. Ordinary WeChat groups typically cannot"
    )
    print_info(
        "  invite an @im.bot identity, and iLink does not deliver ordinary-group events"
    )
    print_info(
        "  to most bot accounts. The settings below only apply when iLink actually"
    )
    print_info(
        "  delivers group events for your account type — otherwise DM remains the only"
    )
    print_info("  working channel regardless of this choice.")
    group_choices = [
        "Disable group chats (recommended)",
        "Allow all group chats",
        "Only allow listed group chat IDs",
    ]
    group_idx = prompt_choice("  How should group chats be handled?", group_choices, 0)
    if group_idx == 0:
        save_env_value("WEIXIN_GROUP_POLICY", "disabled")
        save_env_value("WEIXIN_GROUP_ALLOWED_USERS", "")
        print_info("  Group chats disabled.")
    elif group_idx == 1:
        save_env_value("WEIXIN_GROUP_POLICY", "open")
        save_env_value("WEIXIN_GROUP_ALLOWED_USERS", "")
        print_warning(
            "  All group chats enabled (only takes effect if iLink delivers group events)."
        )
    else:
        allow_groups = prompt(
            "  Allowed group chat IDs (comma-separated, not member user IDs)",
            "",
            password=False,
        ).replace(" ", "")
        save_env_value("WEIXIN_GROUP_POLICY", "allowlist")
        save_env_value("WEIXIN_GROUP_ALLOWED_USERS", allow_groups)
        print_success(
            "  Group allowlist saved (only takes effect if iLink delivers group events)."
        )

    if user_id:
        print()
        if prompt_yes_no(
            f"  Use your Weixin user ID ({user_id}) as the home channel?", True
        ):
            save_env_value("WEIXIN_HOME_CHANNEL", user_id)
            print_success(f"  Home channel set to {user_id}")

    print()
    print_success("Weixin configured!")
    print_info(f"  Account ID: {account_id}")
    if user_id:
        print_info(f"  User ID: {user_id}")


# _setup_feishu moved to plugins/platforms/feishu/adapter.py::interactive_setup
# (registered via setup_fn, dispatched through the plugin path). #41112.


def _setup_qqbot():
    """Interactive setup for QQ Bot — scan-to-configure or manual credentials."""
    print()
    print(color("  ─── 🐧 QQ Bot Setup ───", Colors.CYAN))

    existing_app_id = get_env_value("QQ_APP_ID")
    existing_secret = get_env_value("QQ_CLIENT_SECRET")
    if existing_app_id and existing_secret:
        print()
        print_success("QQ Bot is already configured.")
        if not prompt_yes_no("  Reconfigure QQ Bot?", False):
            return

    # ── Choose setup method ──
    print()
    method_choices = [
        "Scan QR code to add bot automatically (recommended)",
        "Enter existing App ID and App Secret manually",
    ]
    method_idx = prompt_choice(
        "  How would you like to set up QQ Bot?", method_choices, 0
    )

    credentials = None

    if method_idx == 0:
        # ── QR scan-to-configure ──
        try:
            from gateway.platforms.qqbot import qr_register

            credentials = qr_register()
        except KeyboardInterrupt:
            print()
            print_warning("  QQ Bot setup cancelled.")
            return
        if not credentials:
            print_info("  QR setup did not complete. Continuing with manual input.")

    # ── Manual credential input ──
    if not credentials:
        print()
        print_info("  Go to https://q.qq.com to register a QQ Bot application.")
        print_info("  Note your App ID and App Secret from the application page.")
        print()
        app_id = prompt("  App ID", password=False)
        if not app_id:
            print_warning("  Skipped — QQ Bot won't work without an App ID.")
            return
        app_secret = prompt("  App Secret", password=True)
        if not app_secret:
            print_warning("  Skipped — QQ Bot won't work without an App Secret.")
            return
        credentials = {
            "app_id": app_id.strip(),
            "client_secret": app_secret.strip(),
            "user_openid": "",
        }

    # ── Save core credentials ──
    save_env_value("QQ_APP_ID", credentials["app_id"])
    save_env_value("QQ_CLIENT_SECRET", credentials["client_secret"])

    user_openid = credentials.get("user_openid", "")

    # ── DM security policy ──
    print()
    access_choices = [
        "Use DM pairing approval (recommended)",
        "Allow all direct messages",
        "Only allow listed user OpenIDs",
    ]
    access_idx = prompt_choice(
        "  How should direct messages be authorized?", access_choices, 0
    )
    if access_idx == 0:
        save_env_value("QQ_ALLOW_ALL_USERS", "false")
        if user_openid:
            print()
            if prompt_yes_no(
                f"  Add yourself ({user_openid}) to the allow list?", True
            ):
                save_env_value("QQ_ALLOWED_USERS", user_openid)
                print_success(f"  Allow list set to {user_openid}")
            else:
                save_env_value("QQ_ALLOWED_USERS", "")
        else:
            save_env_value("QQ_ALLOWED_USERS", "")
        print_success("  DM pairing enabled.")
        print_info(
            "  Unknown users can request access; approve with `hermes pairing approve`."
        )
    elif access_idx == 1:
        save_env_value("QQ_ALLOW_ALL_USERS", "true")
        save_env_value("QQ_ALLOWED_USERS", "")
        print_warning("  Open DM access enabled for QQ Bot.")
    else:
        default_allow = user_openid or ""
        allowlist = prompt(
            "  Allowed user OpenIDs (comma-separated)", default_allow, password=False
        ).replace(" ", "")
        save_env_value("QQ_ALLOW_ALL_USERS", "false")
        save_env_value("QQ_ALLOWED_USERS", allowlist)
        print_success("  Allowlist saved.")

    # ── Home channel ──
    if user_openid:
        print()
        if prompt_yes_no(
            f"  Use your QQ user ID ({user_openid}) as the home channel?", True
        ):
            save_env_value("QQBOT_HOME_CHANNEL", user_openid)
            print_success(f"  Home channel set to {user_openid}")
    else:
        print()
        home_channel = prompt(
            "  Home channel OpenID (for cron/notifications, or empty)", password=False
        )
        if home_channel:
            save_env_value("QQBOT_HOME_CHANNEL", home_channel.strip())
            print_success(f"  Home channel set to {home_channel.strip()}")

    print()
    print_success("🐧 QQ Bot configured!")
    print_info(f"  App ID: {credentials['app_id']}")


def _setup_signal():
    """Interactive setup for Signal messenger."""
    import shutil

    print()
    print(color("  ─── 📡 Signal Setup ───", Colors.CYAN))

    existing_url = get_env_value("SIGNAL_HTTP_URL")
    existing_account = get_env_value("SIGNAL_ACCOUNT")
    if existing_url and existing_account:
        print()
        print_success("Signal is already configured.")
        if not prompt_yes_no("  Reconfigure Signal?", False):
            return

    # Check if signal-cli is available
    print()
    if shutil.which("signal-cli"):
        print_success("signal-cli found on PATH.")
    else:
        print_warning("signal-cli not found on PATH.")
        print_info("  Signal requires signal-cli running as an HTTP daemon.")
        print_info("  Install options:")
        print_info(
            "    Linux:  download from https://github.com/AsamK/signal-cli/releases"
        )
        print_info("    macOS:  brew install signal-cli")
        print_info("    Docker: bbernhard/signal-cli-rest-api")
        print()
        print_info("  After installing, link your account and start the daemon:")
        print_info('    signal-cli link -n "HermesAgent"')
        print_info("    signal-cli --account +YOURNUMBER daemon --http 127.0.0.1:8080")
        print()

    # HTTP URL
    print()
    print_info("  Enter the URL where signal-cli HTTP daemon is running.")
    default_url = existing_url or "http://127.0.0.1:8080"
    try:
        url = input(f"  HTTP URL [{default_url}]: ").strip() or default_url
    except (EOFError, KeyboardInterrupt):
        print("\n  Setup cancelled.")
        return

    # Test connectivity
    print_info("  Testing connection...")
    try:
        import httpx

        resp = httpx.get(f"{url.rstrip('/')}/api/v1/check", timeout=10.0)
        if resp.status_code == 200:
            print_success("  signal-cli daemon is reachable!")
        else:
            print_warning(f"  signal-cli responded with status {resp.status_code}.")
            if not prompt_yes_no("  Continue anyway?", False):
                return
    except Exception as e:
        print_warning(f"  Could not reach signal-cli at {url}: {e}")
        if not prompt_yes_no(
            "  Save this URL anyway? (you can start signal-cli later)", True
        ):
            return

    save_env_value("SIGNAL_HTTP_URL", url)

    # Account phone number
    print()
    print_info("  Enter your Signal account phone number in E.164 format.")
    print_info("  Example: +15551234567")
    default_account = existing_account or ""
    try:
        account = input(
            f"  Account number{f' [{default_account}]' if default_account else ''}: "
        ).strip()
        if not account:
            account = default_account
    except (EOFError, KeyboardInterrupt):
        print("\n  Setup cancelled.")
        return

    if not account:
        print_error("  Account number is required.")
        return

    save_env_value("SIGNAL_ACCOUNT", account)

    # Allowed users
    print()
    print_info("  The gateway DENIES all users by default for security.")
    print_info("  Enter phone numbers or UUIDs of allowed users (comma-separated).")
    existing_allowed = get_env_value("SIGNAL_ALLOWED_USERS") or ""
    default_allowed = existing_allowed or account
    try:
        allowed = (
            input(f"  Allowed users [{default_allowed}]: ").strip() or default_allowed
        )
    except (EOFError, KeyboardInterrupt):
        print("\n  Setup cancelled.")
        return

    save_env_value("SIGNAL_ALLOWED_USERS", allowed)

    # Group messaging
    print()
    if prompt_yes_no(
        "  Enable group messaging? (disabled by default for security)", False
    ):
        print()
        print_info("  Enter group IDs to allow, or * for all groups.")
        existing_groups = get_env_value("SIGNAL_GROUP_ALLOWED_USERS") or ""
        try:
            groups = (
                input(f"  Group IDs [{existing_groups or '*'}]: ").strip()
                or existing_groups
                or "*"
            )
        except (EOFError, KeyboardInterrupt):
            print("\n  Setup cancelled.")
            return
        save_env_value("SIGNAL_GROUP_ALLOWED_USERS", groups)

    print()
    print_success("Signal configured!")
    print_info(f"  URL: {url}")
    print_info(f"  Account: {account}")
    print_info("  DM auth: via SIGNAL_ALLOWED_USERS + DM pairing")
    print_info(
        f"  Groups: {'enabled' if get_env_value('SIGNAL_GROUP_ALLOWED_USERS') else 'disabled'}"
    )


def _builtin_setup_fn(key: str):
    """Resolve the interactive setup function for a built-in platform key.

    Late-bound to avoid a circular import with ``hermes_cli.setup`` (which
    imports from this module for the remaining bespoke flows).
    """
    from hermes_cli import setup as _s

    return {
        # telegram moved into the plugin: setup_fn registered by
        # plugins/platforms/telegram/adapter.py::register(). #41112.
        # discord moved into the plugin: setup_fn is registered by
        # plugins/platforms/discord/adapter.py::register() and dispatched
        # via the plugin path in _configure_platform().
        # slack moved into the plugin: setup_fn is registered by
        # plugins/platforms/slack/adapter.py::register() and dispatched
        # via the plugin path in _configure_platform(). #41112.
        # matrix moved into the plugin: setup_fn registered by
        # plugins/platforms/matrix/adapter.py::register() and dispatched via
        # the plugin path in _configure_platform(). #41112.
        # mattermost moved into the plugin: setup_fn is registered by
        # plugins/platforms/mattermost/adapter.py::register() and dispatched
        # via the plugin path in _configure_platform().
        "bluebubbles": _s._setup_bluebubbles,
        "webhooks": _s._setup_webhooks,
        "signal": _setup_signal,
        # whatsapp + dingtalk moved into plugins: setup_fn registered by
        # plugins/platforms/{whatsapp,dingtalk}/adapter.py::register() and
        # dispatched via the plugin path in _configure_platform(). #41112.
        "weixin": _setup_weixin,
        # feishu moved into the plugin: setup_fn registered by
        # plugins/platforms/feishu/adapter.py::register(). #41112.
        # wecom moved into the plugin: setup_fn registered by
        # plugins/platforms/wecom/adapter.py::register(). #41112.
        "qqbot": _setup_qqbot,
    }.get(key)


def _configure_platform(platform: dict) -> None:
    """Run the interactive setup flow for a single platform.

    Dispatch order:
      1. Plugin-provided ``setup_fn`` on the registry entry.
      2. Built-in setup function matched by platform key.
      3. ``_setup_standard_platform`` when the entry has a ``vars`` schema.
      4. Env-var hint fallback for plugins that offer no setup helper.

    Bundled platform plugins (e.g. IRC) auto-load, so no plugin enable step
    is needed here. User-installed platform plugins under ~/.hermes/plugins/
    must already be in ``plugins.enabled`` before they appear in this menu.
    """
    entry = platform.get("_registry_entry")

    if entry is not None and entry.setup_fn is not None:
        entry.setup_fn()
        return

    fn = _builtin_setup_fn(platform["key"])
    if fn is not None:
        fn()
        return

    if platform.get("vars"):
        _setup_standard_platform(platform)
        return

    # Plugin with no setup helper — show env-var instructions.
    label = platform.get("label", platform["key"])
    emoji = platform.get("emoji", "🔌")
    print()
    print(color(f"  ─── {emoji} {label} Setup ───", Colors.CYAN))
    required = entry.required_env if entry else []
    if required:
        print_info(f"  Set these env vars in ~/.hermes/.env: {', '.join(required)}")
    else:
        print_info(
            f"  Configure {label} in config.yaml under gateway.platforms.{platform['key']}"
        )
    if platform.get("install_hint"):
        print_info(f"  {platform['install_hint']}")


def gateway_setup():
    """Interactive setup for messaging platforms + gateway service."""
    if is_managed():
        managed_error("run gateway setup")
        return

    print()
    print(
        color(
            "┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐",
            Colors.MAGENTA,
        )
    )
    print(
        color(
            "│             ⚕ Gateway Setup                            │", Colors.MAGENTA
        )
    )
    print(
        color(
            "├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤",
            Colors.MAGENTA,
        )
    )
    print(
        color(
            "│  Configure messaging platforms and the gateway service. │",
            Colors.MAGENTA,
        )
    )
    print(
        color(
            "│  Press Ctrl+C at any time to exit.                     │", Colors.MAGENTA
        )
    )
    print(
        color(
            "└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘",
            Colors.MAGENTA,
        )
    )

    # ── Gateway service status ──
    print()
    service_installed = _is_service_installed()
    service_running = _is_service_running()

    if supports_systemd_services() and has_conflicting_systemd_units():
        print_systemd_scope_conflict_warning()
        print()

    if supports_systemd_services() and has_legacy_hermes_units():
        print_legacy_unit_warning()
        print()

    if service_installed and service_running:
        print_success("Gateway service is installed and running.")
    elif service_installed:
        print_warning("Gateway service is installed but not running.")
        if supports_systemd_services() and _system_scope_wizard_would_need_root():
            _print_system_scope_remediation("start")
        elif prompt_yes_no("  Start it now?", True):
            try:
                if supports_systemd_services():
                    systemd_start()
                elif is_macos():
                    launchd_start()
            except UserSystemdUnavailableError as e:
                print_error("  Failed to start — user systemd not reachable:")
                for line in str(e).splitlines():
                    print(f"  {line}")
            except SystemScopeRequiresRootError as e:
                # Defense in depth: the pre-check above should have caught
                # this, but handle the race/edge case gracefully instead of
                # letting the exception escape the wizard.
                print_error(f"  Failed to start: {e}")
                _print_system_scope_remediation("start")
            except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
                print_error(f"  Failed to start: {e}")
    else:
        print_info("Gateway service is not installed yet.")
        print_info("You'll be offered to install it after configuring platforms.")

    # ── Platform configuration loop ──
    while True:
        print()
        print_header("Messaging Platforms")

        platforms = _all_platforms()

        menu_items = [
            f"{p['emoji']} {p['label']}  ({_platform_status(p)})" for p in platforms
        ]
        menu_items.append("Done")

        choice = prompt_choice(
            "Select a platform to configure:", menu_items, len(menu_items) - 1
        )
        if choice == len(platforms):
            break

        _configure_platform(platforms[choice])

    # ── Post-setup: offer to install/restart gateway ──
    # Consider any platform (built-in or plugin) where the user has made
    # meaningful progress.  ``_platform_status`` already handles plugin
    # entries via their check_fn and per-platform dual-states like
    # WhatsApp's "enabled, not paired".
    def _is_progress(status: str) -> bool:
        s = status.lower()
        return not (
            s == "not configured"
            or s.startswith("partially")
            or s.startswith("plugin disabled")
        )

    any_configured = any(_is_progress(_platform_status(p)) for p in _all_platforms())

    if any_configured:
        print()
        print(color("─" * 58, Colors.DIM))
        service_installed = _is_service_installed()
        service_running = _is_service_running()

        if service_running:
            if supports_systemd_services() and _system_scope_wizard_would_need_root():
                _print_system_scope_remediation("restart")
            elif prompt_yes_no("  Restart the gateway to pick up changes?", True):
                try:
                    if supports_systemd_services():
                        systemd_restart()
                    elif is_macos():
                        launchd_restart()
                    elif is_windows():
                        from hermes_cli import gateway_windows

                        gateway_windows.restart()
                    else:
                        stop_profile_gateway()
                        print_info("Start manually: hermes gateway")
                except UserSystemdUnavailableError as e:
                    print_error("  Restart failed — user systemd not reachable:")
                    for line in str(e).splitlines():
                        print(f"  {line}")
                except SystemScopeRequiresRootError as e:
                    print_error(f"  Restart failed: {e}")
                    _print_system_scope_remediation("restart")
                except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
                    print_error(f"  Restart failed: {e}")
        elif service_installed:
            if supports_systemd_services() and _system_scope_wizard_would_need_root():
                _print_system_scope_remediation("start")
            elif prompt_yes_no("  Start the gateway service?", True):
                try:
                    if supports_systemd_services():
                        systemd_start()
                    elif is_macos():
                        launchd_start()
                    elif is_windows():
                        from hermes_cli import gateway_windows

                        gateway_windows.start()
                except UserSystemdUnavailableError as e:
                    print_error("  Start failed — user systemd not reachable:")
                    for line in str(e).splitlines():
                        print(f"  {line}")
                except SystemScopeRequiresRootError as e:
                    print_error(f"  Start failed: {e}")
                    _print_system_scope_remediation("start")
                except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
                    print_error(f"  Start failed: {e}")
        else:
            print()
            if supports_systemd_services() or is_macos() or is_windows():
                if supports_systemd_services():
                    platform_name = "systemd"
                elif is_macos():
                    platform_name = "launchd"
                else:
                    platform_name = "Scheduled Task"
                wsl_note = " (note: services may not survive WSL restarts)" if is_wsl() else ""
                start_now = prompt_yes_no("  Start the gateway now?", True)
                start_on_login = prompt_yes_no(
                    f"  Start the gateway automatically on login/boot as a {platform_name} service?{wsl_note}",
                    True,
                )
                if start_now or start_on_login:
                    try:
                        installed_scope = None
                        did_install = False
                        if supports_systemd_services():
                            installed_scope, did_install = install_linux_gateway_from_setup(
                                force=False,
                                enable_on_startup=start_on_login,
                            )
                        elif is_macos():
                            launchd_install(force=False)
                            did_install = True
                        else:
                            from hermes_cli import gateway_windows

                            gateway_windows.install(force=False)
                            did_install = True
                        print()
                        if did_install and start_now:
                            try:
                                if supports_systemd_services():
                                    systemd_start(system=installed_scope == "system")
                                elif is_macos():
                                    launchd_start()
                                elif is_windows():
                                    from hermes_cli import gateway_windows
                                    gateway_windows.start()
                            except UserSystemdUnavailableError as e:
                                print_error(
                                    "  Start failed — user systemd not reachable:"
                                )
                                for line in str(e).splitlines():
                                    print(f"  {line}")
                            except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
                                print_error(f"  Start failed: {e}")
                    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
                        print_error(f"  Install failed: {e}")
                        print_info("  You can try manually: hermes gateway install")
                else:
                    print_info("  Skipped start and auto-start setup.")
                    print_info("  You can install later: hermes gateway install")
                    if supports_systemd_services():
                        print_info(
                            "  Or as a boot-time service: sudo hermes gateway install --system"
                        )
                    print_info("  Or run in foreground:  hermes gateway run")
            elif is_wsl():
                print_info("  WSL detected but systemd is not running.")
                print_info("  Run in foreground: hermes gateway run")
                print_info(
                    "  For persistence:   tmux new -s hermes 'hermes gateway run'"
                )
                print_info(
                    "  To enable systemd: add systemd=true to /etc/wsl.conf, then 'wsl --shutdown'"
                )
            elif is_termux():
                from hermes_constants import display_hermes_home as _dhh

                print_info("  Termux does not use systemd/launchd services.")
                print_info("  Run in foreground: hermes gateway run")
                print_info(
                    f"  Or start it manually in the background (best effort): nohup hermes gateway run >{_dhh()}/logs/gateway.log 2>&1 &"
                )
            else:
                print_info("  Service install not supported on this platform.")
                print_info("  Run in foreground: hermes gateway run")
    else:
        print()
        print_info("No platforms configured. Run 'hermes gateway setup' when ready.")

    print()


# =============================================================================
# Main Command Handler
# =============================================================================

def _dispatch_via_service_manager_if_s6(
    action: str, profile: str | None = None,
) -> bool:
    """If we're in a container with s6, dispatch gateway lifecycle via s6.

    Returns True iff dispatched (caller should ``return``); False
    otherwise — caller continues with the host-side code path.

    ``action`` is one of ``start`` / ``stop`` / ``restart``. The
    profile defaults to the current one (resolved via ``_profile_arg``).
    The s6 service slot was created either by the Phase 4 profile-create
    hook or by the container-boot reconciler (cont-init.d/02-…). If it
    doesn't exist or s6 returns an error, the named errors from
    :mod:`hermes_cli.service_manager` are caught and surfaced as
    actionable CLI messages (no raw ``CalledProcessError`` traceback).
    """
    from hermes_cli.service_manager import (
        GatewayNotRegisteredError,
        S6CommandError,
        detect_service_manager,
        get_service_manager,
    )

    if detect_service_manager() != "s6":
        return False
    if profile is None:
        # _profile_suffix() returns the bare profile name for
        # HERMES_HOME=<root>/profiles/<name>, "" for the default root,
        # or a hash for unrelated paths. Map "" → "default" so the
        # default-profile gateway is reachable as gateway-default.
        profile = _profile_suffix() or "default"
    mgr = get_service_manager()
    service_name = f"gateway-{profile}"
    try:
        if action == "start":
            mgr.start(service_name)
        elif action == "stop":
            mgr.stop(service_name)
        elif action == "restart":
            mgr.restart(service_name)
        else:
            return False
    except GatewayNotRegisteredError as exc:
        print(f"✗ {exc}")
        sys.exit(1)
    except S6CommandError as exc:
        print(f"✗ {exc}")
        sys.exit(1)
    return True


def _dispatch_all_via_service_manager_if_s6(action: str) -> bool:
    """Inside a container with s6, dispatch ``--all`` lifecycle to every
    registered profile gateway.

    Returns True iff dispatched (caller should ``return``); False
    otherwise — caller continues with the host-side code path.

    Without this, ``hermes gateway stop --all`` and ``... restart --all``
    fall through to ``kill_gateway_processes(all_profiles=True)``, which
    just ``pkill``s every gateway process. s6-supervise observes the
    crash and restarts each one ~1s later — so ``--all`` ends up
    *kicking* every gateway instead of *stopping* it. By iterating
    ``list_profile_gateways()`` and sending the lifecycle command
    through the service manager we get the intended semantics (s6's
    ``want up``/``want down`` flips correctly so supervise stays down
    after a stop).

    ``action`` is one of ``stop`` / ``restart`` (``start --all`` isn't
    a supported CLI surface).
    """
    from hermes_cli.service_manager import (
        detect_service_manager,
        get_service_manager,
    )

    if detect_service_manager() != "s6":
        return False
    if action not in ("stop", "restart"):
        return False
    mgr = get_service_manager()
    profiles = mgr.list_profile_gateways()
    if not profiles:
        print("✗ No profile gateways registered under s6")
        return True
    fn = mgr.stop if action == "stop" else mgr.restart
    errors: list[tuple[str, Exception]] = []
    for profile in profiles:
        service_name = f"gateway-{profile}"
        try:
            fn(service_name)
        except Exception as exc:  # noqa: BLE001 — report and continue
            errors.append((profile, exc))
    succeeded = len(profiles) - len(errors)
    verb = "stopped" if action == "stop" else "restarted"
    if succeeded:
        print(f"✓ {verb.capitalize()} {succeeded} profile gateway(s) under s6")
    for profile, exc in errors:
        print(f"✗ Could not {action} gateway-{profile}: {exc}")
    return True



def gateway_command(args):
    """Handle gateway subcommands."""
    try:
        return _gateway_command_inner(args)
    except UserSystemdUnavailableError as e:
        # Clean, actionable message instead of a traceback when the user D-Bus
        # session is unreachable (fresh SSH shell, no linger, container, etc.).
        print_error("User systemd not reachable:")
        for line in str(e).splitlines():
            print(f"  {line}")
        sys.exit(1)
    except SystemScopeRequiresRootError as e:
        # The direct ``hermes gateway install|uninstall|start|stop|restart``
        # path lands here when the user typed a system-scope action without
        # sudo. Same exit code as before — just gives the wizard a way to
        # intercept the same condition with friendlier guidance before the
        # error is raised.
        print(str(e))
        sys.exit(1)


def _maybe_redirect_run_to_s6_supervision(args) -> bool:
    """Inside an s6 container, redirect bare ``gateway run`` to the
    supervised path.

    Background. Before the s6 image landed, ``docker run <image> gateway
    run`` was the standard way to start a containerized gateway: the
    gateway was the container's main process, tini reaped zombies, and
    container exit code == gateway exit code. With s6-overlay as PID 1,
    we'd much rather have the gateway run as a supervised s6 longrun
    (auto-restart on crash, dashboard supervised alongside, multiple
    profile gateways under the same /init). This redirect upgrades the
    old invocation transparently — the user gets the new behavior
    without changing their docker run command.

    Three gates make this a no-op outside the intended scope:

      1. ``_dispatch_via_service_manager_if_s6`` returns False unless
         we're in a container with s6 as PID 1. Host runs of
         ``hermes gateway run`` are unaffected.
      2. ``HERMES_S6_SUPERVISED_CHILD`` is exported by
         ``S6ServiceManager._render_run_script`` for the supervised
         process itself — i.e. when s6-supervise execs ``hermes gateway
         run --replace`` as a longrun, this guard short-circuits the
         redirect so the supervised gateway actually runs in
         foreground (otherwise we'd recurse: run → start → run → start
         → ...).
      3. ``--no-supervise`` (or ``HERMES_GATEWAY_NO_SUPERVISE=1``) opts
         out for users who genuinely want pre-s6 semantics — CI smoke
         tests, debugging the foreground startup path, etc.

    Returns True iff dispatched (caller should ``return``).
    """
    no_supervise = getattr(args, "no_supervise", False) or \
        os.environ.get("HERMES_GATEWAY_NO_SUPERVISE", "").lower() in ("1", "true", "yes")
    if no_supervise:
        return False
    if os.environ.get("HERMES_S6_SUPERVISED_CHILD"):
        # We ARE the supervised child s6-supervise is running. Fall
        # through to the foreground code path so the gateway actually
        # starts.
        return False
    if not _dispatch_via_service_manager_if_s6("start"):
        return False
    # Loud breadcrumb: explain the upgrade and how to opt out. Print to
    # stderr so it doesn't pollute stdout-parsing scripts. The
    # supervised gateway's own logs are routed by s6-log to both
    # `docker logs` and ${HERMES_HOME}/logs/gateways/<profile>/current,
    # so the user sees a clear sequence: this banner first, then the
    # gateway's own stdout/stderr from the supervisor.
    print(
        "→ gateway is now running under s6 supervision (auto-restart on crash,\n"
        "  dashboard supervised alongside if HERMES_DASHBOARD is set).\n"
        "  This is the recommended setup for the s6 container image — the\n"
        "  gateway will keep running even if it crashes.\n"
        "  Use `--no-supervise` (or HERMES_GATEWAY_NO_SUPERVISE=1) to opt out\n"
        "  and get the pre-s6 foreground behavior instead.",
        file=sys.stderr,
        flush=True,
    )
    # Keep the CMD process alive as a no-op heartbeat. The supervised
    # gateway's lifetime is independent of this process — s6-supervise
    # restarts it on crash, and we don't want the container to exit when
    # the gateway flaps. The CMD process keeps /init alive until
    # `docker stop` sends SIGTERM, at which point /init runs stage 3
    # shutdown (which tears down the supervised gateway cleanly).
    #
    # Prefer `sleep infinity` (matches the static main-hermes service's
    # pattern in docker/s6-rc.d/main-hermes/run, and frees the Python
    # interpreter — the heartbeat is a tiny `sleep` process, not a
    # resident interpreter). But `os.execvp` does a PATH lookup for the
    # `sleep` binary and historically crashed the whole container with
    # FileNotFoundError when PATH was empty/truncated/clobbered at this
    # point — e.g. after user customizations rewrote PATH, or on minimal
    # images without `sleep` on PATH (issue #36208). Fall back to an
    # in-process block (no external binary, can't fail on PATH) so the
    # container keeps running instead of dying during boot.
    try:
        os.execvp("sleep", ["sleep", "infinity"])
    except OSError:
        # execvp only returns by raising; on success it replaces this
        # process. ENOENT (no `sleep` on PATH) and any other exec error
        # land here.
        print(
            "→ `sleep` is unavailable; keeping the s6 CMD process alive "
            "in-process until the container is stopped.",
            file=sys.stderr,
            flush=True,
        )
        _block_until_terminated()
    return True  # unreachable on the execvp success path


def _block_until_terminated() -> None:
    """Keep the s6 CMD process alive until the container is stopped.

    Fallback heartbeat for when ``os.execvp("sleep", ...)`` can't run
    (``sleep`` missing from PATH — issue #36208). Installs a SIGTERM
    handler that exits with the conventional 128+signum code so
    ``docker stop`` produces a clean, expected exit, then blocks on
    ``signal.pause()``. Falls back to ``threading.Event().wait()`` on
    platforms without ``signal.pause()`` (e.g. Windows) — although this
    path only runs inside the s6 Linux container image, the fallback
    keeps the helper safe to import and unit-test anywhere.
    """
    signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, lambda signum, _frame: sys.exit(128 + signum))
    pause = getattr(signal, "pause", None)
    if pause is not None:
        while True:
            pause()
    else:  # pragma: no cover - non-Unix fallback, not exercised in the s6 image
        import threading

        threading.Event().wait()


def _gateway_command_inner(args):
    subcmd = getattr(args, "gateway_command", None)

    # Default to run if no subcommand
    if subcmd is None or subcmd == "run":
        if _maybe_redirect_run_to_s6_supervision(args):
            return  # unreachable; execvp doesn't return
        if getattr(args, "external_supervisor", False):
            os.environ[EXTERNAL_GATEWAY_SUPERVISOR_ENV] = "1"
        verbose = getattr(args, "verbose", 0)
        quiet = getattr(args, "quiet", False)
        replace = getattr(args, "replace", False)
        force = getattr(args, "force", False)
        run_gateway(verbose, quiet=quiet, replace=replace, force=force)
        return

    if subcmd == "setup":
        gateway_setup()
        return

    # Service management commands
    if subcmd == "install":
        if is_managed():
            managed_error("install gateway service (managed by NixOS)")
            return
        force = getattr(args, "force", False)
        system = getattr(args, "system", False)
        run_as_user = getattr(args, "run_as_user", None)
        if is_termux():
            print("Gateway service installation is not supported on Termux.")
            print("Run manually: hermes gateway")
            sys.exit(1)
        if supports_systemd_services():
            if is_wsl():
                print_warning(
                    "WSL detected — systemd services may not survive WSL restarts."
                )
                print_info(
                    "  Consider running in foreground instead: hermes gateway run"
                )
                print_info(
                    "  Or use tmux/screen for persistence: tmux new -s hermes 'hermes gateway run'"
                )
                print()
            # Honor CLI flags (--start-now / --no-start-now, --start-on-login /
            # --no-start-on-login).  When not provided, prompt interactively or
            # fall back to True for non-TTY / headless contexts (SSH, CI, pipes).
            non_interactive = not (hasattr(sys.stdin, "isatty") and sys.stdin.isatty())
            _sn = getattr(args, "start_now", None)
            if _sn is not None:
                start_now = _sn
            elif not non_interactive:
                start_now = prompt_yes_no("Start the gateway now after installing the service?", True)
            else:
                start_now = True

            _sol = getattr(args, "start_on_login", None)
            if _sol is not None:
                start_on_login = _sol
            elif not non_interactive:
                start_on_login = prompt_yes_no("Start the gateway automatically on login/boot with systemd?", True)
            else:
                start_on_login = True
            systemd_install(
                force=force,
                system=system,
                run_as_user=run_as_user,
                enable_on_startup=start_on_login,
                non_interactive=non_interactive,
            )
            if start_now:
                systemd_start(system=system)
        elif is_macos():
            launchd_install(force)
        elif is_windows():
            from hermes_cli import gateway_windows

            gateway_windows.install(
                force=force,
                start_now=getattr(args, 'start_now', None),
                start_on_login=getattr(args, 'start_on_login', None),
                elevated_handoff=getattr(args, 'elevated_handoff', False),
            )
        elif is_wsl():
            print("WSL detected but systemd is not running.")
            print(
                "Either enable systemd (add systemd=true to /etc/wsl.conf and restart WSL)"
            )
            print("or run the gateway in foreground mode:")
            print()
            print(
                "  hermes gateway run                              # direct foreground"
            )
            print(
                "  tmux new -s hermes 'hermes gateway run'         # persistent via tmux"
            )
            print(
                "  nohup hermes gateway run > ~/.hermes/logs/gateway.log 2>&1 &  # background"
            )
            sys.exit(1)
        elif is_container():
            # Phase 4: inside a container with s6 the gateway service is
            # auto-registered when the profile is created (and reconciled
            # at every container boot). `install` is therefore informational.
            from hermes_cli.service_manager import detect_service_manager
            if detect_service_manager() == "s6":
                print("Per-profile gateways are auto-registered when you create a profile.")
                print()
                print("  hermes profile create <name>     # creates the s6 service slot")
                print("  hermes -p <name> gateway start   # bring it up via s6")
                print("  hermes status                    # see currently-supervised gateways")
                return
            # Fallback for pre-s6 containers or other container runtimes
            # we haven't taught about supervision (Podman without our
            # /init, k8s plain runs, etc.) — the historical guidance still
            # applies.
            print("Service installation is not needed inside a Docker container.")
            print(
                "The container runtime is your service manager — use Docker restart policies instead:"
            )
            print()
            print(
                "  docker run --restart unless-stopped ...   # auto-restart on crash/reboot"
            )
            print("  docker restart <container>                # manual restart")
            print()
            print("To run the gateway: hermes gateway run")
            sys.exit(0)
        else:
            print("Service installation not supported on this platform.")
            print("Run manually: hermes gateway run")
            sys.exit(1)

    elif subcmd == "uninstall":
        if is_managed():
            managed_error("uninstall gateway service (managed by NixOS)")
            return
        system = getattr(args, "system", False)
        if is_termux():
            print(
                "Gateway service uninstall is not supported on Termux because there is no managed service to remove."
            )
            print("Stop manual runs with: hermes gateway stop")
            sys.exit(1)
        if supports_systemd_services():
            systemd_uninstall(system=system)
        elif is_macos():
            launchd_uninstall()
        elif is_windows():
            from hermes_cli import gateway_windows

            gateway_windows.uninstall()
        elif is_container():
            from hermes_cli.service_manager import detect_service_manager
            if detect_service_manager() == "s6":
                print("Per-profile gateways are auto-unregistered when you delete the profile.")
                print()
                print("  hermes profile delete <name>     # tears down the s6 service slot")
                print("  hermes -p <name> gateway stop    # stop without deleting the profile")
                return
            print("Service uninstall is not applicable inside a Docker container.")
            print("To stop the gateway, stop or remove the container:")
            print()
            print("  docker stop <container>")
            print("  docker rm <container>")
            sys.exit(0)
        else:
            print("Not supported on this platform.")
            sys.exit(1)

    elif subcmd == "start":
        system = getattr(args, "system", False)
        start_all = getattr(args, "all", False)

        # Phase 4: inside a container with s6, dispatch via the service
        # manager instead of falling through to systemd/launchd/windows.
        # `--all` isn't meaningful here (each profile has its own service
        # slot — start them individually via `hermes -p <name> gateway
        # start`), so just bring up the current profile's slot.
        if not start_all and _dispatch_via_service_manager_if_s6("start"):
            return

        if start_all:
            # Kill all stale gateway processes across all profiles before starting
            killed = kill_gateway_processes(all_profiles=True)
            if killed:
                print(
                    f"✓ Killed {killed} stale gateway process(es) across all profiles"
                )
                _wait_for_gateway_exit(timeout=10.0, force_after=5.0)

        if is_termux():
            print(
                "Gateway service start is not supported on Termux because there is no system service manager."
            )
            print("Run manually: hermes gateway")
            sys.exit(1)
        if supports_systemd_services():
            systemd_start(system=system)
        elif is_macos():
            launchd_start()
        elif is_windows():
            from hermes_cli import gateway_windows

            gateway_windows.start()
        elif is_wsl():
            print("WSL detected but systemd is not available.")
            print("Run the gateway in foreground mode instead:")
            print()
            print(
                "  hermes gateway run                              # direct foreground"
            )
            print(
                "  tmux new -s hermes 'hermes gateway run'         # persistent via tmux"
            )
            print(
                "  nohup hermes gateway run > ~/.hermes/logs/gateway.log 2>&1 &  # background"
            )
            print()
            print(
                "To enable systemd: add systemd=true to /etc/wsl.conf and run 'wsl --shutdown' from PowerShell."
            )
            sys.exit(1)
        elif is_container():
            # Reached only when s6 ISN'T running (the early dispatch
            # above handles the s6 case). Pre-s6 containers or other
            # container runtimes that don't ship our /init get the
            # historical guidance: the gateway is the container's main
            # process, so use docker lifecycle commands.
            print("Service start is not applicable inside a Docker container.")
            print("The gateway runs as the container's main process.")
            print()
            print("  docker start <container>     # start a stopped container")
            print("  docker restart <container>   # restart a running container")
            print()
            print("Or run the gateway directly: hermes gateway run")
            sys.exit(0)
        else:
            print("Not supported on this platform.")
            sys.exit(1)

    elif subcmd == "stop":
        # Defense: refuse self-targeting gateway stop from inside the gateway.
        # Prevents agent-initiated kill loops when combined with supervisor KeepAlive.
        if os.getenv("_HERMES_GATEWAY") == "1":
            print_error(
                "Refusing to stop the gateway from inside the gateway process.\n"
                "This command was blocked to prevent restart loops.\n"
                "Use `hermes gateway stop` from a shell outside the running gateway."
            )
            sys.exit(1)

        stop_all = getattr(args, "all", False)
        system = getattr(args, "system", False)

        # Phase 4: inside a container with s6, dispatch via the service
        # manager. ``--all`` iterates every registered profile gateway
        # through s6 (otherwise it would fall through to ``pkill``,
        # which s6-supervise observes as a crash and immediately restarts).
        if stop_all and _dispatch_all_via_service_manager_if_s6("stop"):
            return
        if not stop_all and _dispatch_via_service_manager_if_s6("stop"):
            return

        if stop_all:
            # --all: kill every gateway process on the machine
            service_available = False
            if supports_systemd_services() and (
                get_systemd_unit_path(system=False).exists()
                or get_systemd_unit_path(system=True).exists()
            ):
                try:
                    systemd_stop(system=system)
                    service_available = True
                except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
                    pass
            elif is_macos() and get_launchd_plist_path().exists():
                try:
                    launchd_stop()
                    service_available = True
                except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
                    pass
            elif is_windows():
                from hermes_cli import gateway_windows

                if gateway_windows.is_installed():
                    try:
                        gateway_windows.stop()
                        service_available = True
                    except (subprocess.CalledProcessError, RuntimeError):
                        pass
            killed = kill_gateway_processes(all_profiles=True)
            total = killed + (1 if service_available else 0)
            if total:
                print(f"✓ Stopped {total} gateway process(es) across all profiles")
            else:
                print("✗ No gateway processes found")
        else:
            # Default: stop only the current profile's gateway
            service_available = False
            if supports_systemd_services() and (
                get_systemd_unit_path(system=False).exists()
                or get_systemd_unit_path(system=True).exists()
            ):
                try:
                    systemd_stop(system=system)
                    service_available = True
                except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
                    pass
            elif is_macos() and get_launchd_plist_path().exists():
                try:
                    launchd_stop()
                    service_available = True
                except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
                    pass
            elif is_windows():
                from hermes_cli import gateway_windows

                if gateway_windows.is_installed():
                    try:
                        gateway_windows.stop()
                        service_available = True
                    except (subprocess.CalledProcessError, RuntimeError):
                        pass

            if not service_available:
                # No systemd/launchd/schtasks service — use profile-scoped PID file
                if stop_profile_gateway():
                    print("✓ Stopped gateway for this profile")
                else:
                    print("✗ No gateway running for this profile")
            else:
                print(f"✓ Stopped {get_service_name()} service")

    elif subcmd == "restart":
        # Defense: refuse self-targeting gateway restart from inside the gateway.
        # Prevents agent-initiated kill loops when combined with supervisor KeepAlive.
        if os.getenv("_HERMES_GATEWAY") == "1":
            print_error(
                "Refusing to restart the gateway from inside the gateway process.\n"
                "This command was blocked to prevent restart loops.\n"
                "Use `hermes gateway restart` from a shell outside the running gateway."
            )
            sys.exit(1)

        # Try service first, fall back to killing and restarting
        service_available = False
        system = getattr(args, "system", False)
        restart_all = getattr(args, "all", False)
        service_configured = False

        # Phase 4: inside a container with s6, dispatch via the service
        # manager (s6-svc -t restarts the supervised process). ``--all``
        # iterates every registered profile gateway through s6; without
        # this it would fall through to ``pkill``, which s6-supervise
        # would observe as a crash and immediately restart anyway.
        if restart_all and _dispatch_all_via_service_manager_if_s6("restart"):
            return
        if not restart_all and _dispatch_via_service_manager_if_s6("restart"):
            return

        if restart_all:
            # --all: stop every gateway process across all profiles, then start fresh
            service_stopped = False
            if supports_systemd_services() and (
                get_systemd_unit_path(system=False).exists()
                or get_systemd_unit_path(system=True).exists()
            ):
                try:
                    systemd_stop(system=system)
                    service_stopped = True
                except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
                    pass
            elif is_macos() and get_launchd_plist_path().exists():
                try:
                    launchd_stop()
                    service_stopped = True
                except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
                    pass
            elif is_windows():
                from hermes_cli import gateway_windows

                if gateway_windows.is_installed():
                    try:
                        gateway_windows.stop()
                        service_stopped = True
                    except (subprocess.CalledProcessError, RuntimeError):
                        pass
            killed = kill_gateway_processes(all_profiles=True)
            total = killed + (1 if service_stopped else 0)
            if total:
                print(f"✓ Stopped {total} gateway process(es) across all profiles")
            _wait_for_gateway_exit(timeout=10.0, force_after=5.0)

            # Start the current profile's service fresh
            print("Starting gateway...")
            if supports_systemd_services() and (
                get_systemd_unit_path(system=False).exists()
                or get_systemd_unit_path(system=True).exists()
            ):
                systemd_start(system=system)
            elif is_macos() and get_launchd_plist_path().exists():
                launchd_start()
            elif is_windows():
                from hermes_cli import gateway_windows

                # On Windows, even without a registered Scheduled Task / Startup
                # entry, gateway_windows.start() uses the safe detached
                # pythonw.exe launcher.  Do not fall back to run_gateway() here:
                # when invoked from a gateway-hosted agent/tool call, foreground
                # run_gateway() is tied to the very gateway process we just
                # stopped and can die before the replacement is stable.
                gateway_windows.start()
            else:
                run_gateway(verbose=0)
            return

        if supports_systemd_services() and (
            get_systemd_unit_path(system=False).exists()
            or get_systemd_unit_path(system=True).exists()
        ):
            service_configured = True
            try:
                systemd_restart(system=system)
                service_available = True
            except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
                pass
        elif is_macos() and get_launchd_plist_path().exists():
            service_configured = True
            try:
                launchd_restart()
                service_available = True
            except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
                pass
        elif is_windows():
            from hermes_cli import gateway_windows

            # Prefer the Windows-specific restart path: it supports both
            # registered Scheduled Task / Startup installs and no-service
            # detached restarts.  In the normal successful Telegram-triggered
            # restart flow, this avoids the generic foreground run_gateway()
            # path that can be reaped with the old gateway process.  If the
            # Windows backend raises, intentionally preserve the existing
            # generic failure fallback below.
            service_configured = gateway_windows.is_installed()
            try:
                gateway_windows.restart()
                return
            except (subprocess.CalledProcessError, RuntimeError, OSError):
                pass

        if not service_available:
            # systemd/launchd restart failed — check if linger is the issue
            if supports_systemd_services():
                linger_ok, _detail = get_systemd_linger_status()
                if linger_ok is not True:
                    import getpass

                    _username = getpass.getuser()
                    print()
                    print(
                        "⚠ Cannot restart gateway as a service — linger is not enabled."
                    )
                    print(
                        "  The gateway user service requires linger to function on headless servers."
                    )
                    print()
                    print(f"  Run:  sudo loginctl enable-linger {_username}")
                    print()
                    print("  Then restart the gateway:")
                    print("    hermes gateway restart")
                    return

            if service_configured:
                print()
                print("✗ Gateway service restart failed.")
                print(
                    "  The service definition exists, but the service manager did not recover it."
                )
                print("  Fix the service, then retry: hermes gateway start")
                sys.exit(1)

            # Manual restart: stop only this profile's gateway
            if stop_profile_gateway():
                print("✓ Stopped gateway for this profile")

            _wait_for_gateway_exit(timeout=10.0, force_after=5.0)

            # Start fresh
            print("Starting gateway...")
            run_gateway(verbose=0)

    elif subcmd == "status":
        deep = getattr(args, "deep", False)
        full = getattr(args, "full", False)
        system = getattr(args, "system", False)
        snapshot = get_gateway_runtime_snapshot(system=system)

        # Check for service first
        _windows_service_installed = False
        if is_windows():
            from hermes_cli import gateway_windows

            _windows_service_installed = gateway_windows.is_installed()
        if supports_systemd_services() and (
            get_systemd_unit_path(system=False).exists()
            or get_systemd_unit_path(system=True).exists()
        ):
            systemd_status(deep, system=system, full=full)
            _print_gateway_process_mismatch(snapshot)
        elif is_macos() and get_launchd_plist_path().exists():
            launchd_status(deep)
            _print_gateway_process_mismatch(snapshot)
        elif _windows_service_installed:
            from hermes_cli import gateway_windows

            gateway_windows.status(deep=deep)
            _print_gateway_process_mismatch(snapshot)
        else:
            # Check for manually running processes
            pids = list(snapshot.gateway_pids)
            if pids:
                print(f"✓ Gateway is running (PID: {', '.join(map(str, pids))})")
                print("  (Running manually, not as a system service)")
                runtime_lines = _runtime_health_lines()
                if runtime_lines:
                    print()
                    print("Recent gateway health:")
                    for line in runtime_lines:
                        print(f"  {line}")
                print()
                if is_termux():
                    print("Termux note:")
                    print("  Android may stop background jobs when Termux is suspended")
                elif is_wsl():
                    print("WSL note:")
                    print(
                        "  The gateway is running in foreground/manual mode (recommended for WSL)."
                    )
                    print(
                        "  Use tmux or screen for persistence across terminal closes."
                    )
                elif is_windows():
                    print(
                        "To install as a Windows Scheduled Task (auto-start on login):"
                    )
                    print("  hermes gateway install")
                else:
                    print("To install as a service:")
                    print("  hermes gateway install")
                    print("  sudo hermes gateway install --system")
            else:
                print("✗ Gateway is not running")
                runtime_lines = _runtime_health_lines()
                if runtime_lines:
                    print()
                    print("Recent gateway health:")
                    for line in runtime_lines:
                        print(f"  {line}")
                print()
                print("To start:")
                print("  hermes gateway run      # Run in foreground")
                if is_termux():
                    print(
                        "  nohup hermes gateway run > ~/.hermes/logs/gateway.log 2>&1 &  # Best-effort background start"
                    )
                elif is_wsl():
                    print(
                        "  tmux new -s hermes 'hermes gateway run'         # persistent via tmux"
                    )
                    print(
                        "  nohup hermes gateway run > ~/.hermes/logs/gateway.log 2>&1 &  # background"
                    )
                elif is_windows():
                    print(
                        "  hermes gateway install  # Install as Windows Scheduled Task (auto-start on login)"
                    )
                else:
                    print("  hermes gateway install  # Install as user service")
                    print(
                        "  sudo hermes gateway install --system  # Install as boot-time system service"
                    )

        # Show other profiles' gateway status for multi-profile awareness
        _print_other_profiles_gateway_status()

    elif subcmd == "list":
        _gateway_list()

    elif subcmd == "migrate-legacy":
        # Stop, disable, and remove legacy Hermes gateway unit files from
        # pre-rename installs (e.g. hermes.service). Profile units and
        # unrelated third-party services are never touched.
        dry_run = getattr(args, "dry_run", False)
        yes = getattr(args, "yes", False)
        if not supports_systemd_services() and not is_macos():
            print("Legacy unit migration only applies to systemd-based Linux hosts.")
            return
        remove_legacy_hermes_units(interactive=not yes, dry_run=dry_run)
